Growth Technologies

Technologies of the future

Technologiesof the futureEXPONENTIAL GROWTH

ndr 2. linje i overskriften til AU Passata Light24th of April 2015FD

Head of Mechanical EngineeringJens Vinge

AARHUSUNIVERSITYDepartment of EngineeringAU

24th of April 2015FD


Department of EngineeringAARHUSUNIVERSITYAUMorning thank you for taking your time to show up.My opportunity to let you know about a recent perspective on Technology and let become a bit more familiar with My Department of EngineeringI have taken the liberty to alter the language into English1

Department of engineering

To Educate more Outstanding Engineers on All LevelsTo Perform Engineering Science Research at the Highest International Level

Learn about us follow the link.

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Department of EngineeringAARHUSUNIVERSITYAUWe came to this organisation from international standards (Body of Knowledge) on how the Engineering Disciplines is established through historyIt is combined with the fact coming from that it is people in our organisation who actually do the science.

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Exponential growthAn analysis of the history of technology shows that technological change is exponential, contrary to the common-sense intuitive linear view.

The exponential function:C is the initial amount.t is the time period.(1 + r) is the growth factor, r is the growth rate.y = C (1 + r) t




Department of EngineeringAARHUSUNIVERSITYAU

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Department of EngineeringAARHUSUNIVERSITYAUThe current computational power

The computational power to come

Passing the computational power of the brain in a mouse 2020 and humans some 2050 ?

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Department of EngineeringAARHUSUNIVERSITYAUPicture of the Intel Pentium chip

Can we continue to improve on this kind of technology, the densification of transistors?

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Associate Professor Martijn J. R. Heck





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MULTI-CORE processors allow for the continuous scaling of Moores Law.Because they overcome bottlenecks of heat dissipation and data synchronization.Currently: 80 cores are at the high end. It is expected that the number of cores will increase to around one hundred in the next few years and multiple hundreds by 2020.The maximum number of cores is expected to be around a thousand cores.Hecks group is Developing Chip Layouts which incorporate Optical Sources seaking further improvements in Performance and Energy consumption.

ENG ECE: Photonics group Heck & Bowers, 2014 Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics


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Department of EngineeringAARHUSUNIVERSITYAUWe agree on that the computational power in computers will continue to grow as predicted.

And it will transcent the capability of the human brain to do calculations7

New Chip Designs - new paradigmsOptical approaches as by Heck et al.Chips are primarely 2D design and it make sence to use the third dimensionMimicking the Brain and its design

The impact of computers will becomeComputational power will continue to increase

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Department of EngineeringAARHUSUNIVERSITYAUMost computers will NOT be computers.How many electric motors do you have in your home?How many did you buy as electric motors?I control several computers, but most computers I control are embedded in cars, remote controls, refrigerators, etc.

We will see Smart, or apparently Intelligent Products.

Intels computer on stick, 2015

Eksempel p et citat

Du kan se alle tilgngelige layouts ved at vlge Layout i hjremenuen



Department of EngineeringAARHUSUNIVERSITYAUIntel has rather impressively crammed in a quad-core Atom CPU, 32GB of storage and 2GB of RAM, along with a USB port, WiFi and Bluetooth 4.0 support and a mini-USB connector for power. It runs Windows 8.1.

What runs the in the computer is code, software. The smartness comes from the algorithms the code.9






Department of EngineeringAARHUSUNIVERSITYAUThe enabling step in building smart / intelligent products is profound integration of hardware and software.

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The car as an exampleTWT in Germany is one of the projects case companies: They helps car-manufacturers (BMW / Audi) with simulations and models of prototypes.

Peter Gorm Larsen:A car built around the turn of the millennium, didnt contain many computers controlling its functions. A modern car, involves more than 100 different small computers controlling everything from the keys and brakes to cruise control and automatic parking functionality.It is clear that this development provides the car industry with completely new challenges in both the development and the test stages.

What do you do when the many computers need to talk to each other? How do you ensure that they adapt as well as possible to the context in which they will be used?




Department of EngineeringAARHUSUNIVERSITYAUIntelligence through algorithms

Agricultural machinery of the future needs to communicateResources and time to be saved during harvesting if the different field operations and harvesting equipment can be coordinated in a more optimal way




Department of EngineeringAARHUSUNIVERSITYAUConsequenceWith increasing computational power, system complexity, and with improved algorithms technology will become responsive and demonstrate more complex behaviour:

This AUDI autonomously drove across the US




Department of EngineeringAARHUSUNIVERSITYAUhttp://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/industry/engineering/11495706/Driverless-cars-to-create-320000-UK-jobs-and-save-2500-lives.htmlDriverless cars to create 320,000 UK jobs and save 2,500 lives Britain will get huge economic boost from driverless cars which will also cut death toll on roads, new report predict.

Why dont we see this AUDI on the streets? Because technology is being brought to marked along with comsumer adaptation and willingness to pay for features.

Self driving cars tend to make pasengers sick (12%)13



Preben Kidmose




Department of EngineeringAARHUSUNIVERSITYAUOne of the most complex systems that we know of is our brain.

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Interfacing with the brainPreben Kidmose builds this in-the-ear EEG device:

It is a Brain-computer interface developed with micro-computers and advanced algorithms that can interpret electrical activity in the brain cells and thereby reveal some mental states

An insulin shock detector is one of the many potential applications of the technologyThe device will protects diabetes patients. Small electrodes measure electrical brain signals and warn the patient if their blood sugar drops to a critically low level





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Rune Hylsberg Jakobson




Department of EngineeringAARHUSUNIVERSITYAUAccumulating information on Energy comsumption and guide consumers in their behaviour.

we create a better balance between our electricity consumption and our electricity production from renewable energy sources.16

flexible use of electricity needed?Problem: Solar and wind energy is fluctuating. Consumer demand is fluctuating How to minimize a surplus of electricity production & reduce emission of greenhouse gases?

Develop an information system placing decision at the consumer level and balance consumers needs and opportunities given to the consumer with actual energy production capabilitiesUse data analysis to improve understanding learn - when, how much and in which way energy is used in householdsDevelop algorithms that will informing consumers of alternative choices




Department of EngineeringAARHUSUNIVERSITYAUConsequenceWith increasing computational power, and with the human brain in the loop our decision process change

One impressive technology recently demoed is Skype Translator

It provide live translation from one language to another:

This is now, what happens with furthercomputational power available?




Department of EngineeringAARHUSUNIVERSITYAULive translation and live information support will change negotiations, lower barriers and improve conflict handling.18

Hybrid thinkingRay Kurzweil elaborated in a recent TED talk on what happens when you combine:

Brain machine interfacesCommunication networksCloud computingIncreased computational power




Department of EngineeringAARHUSUNIVERSITYAUThe transition towards hybrid thinking starts with the Google Glass and Apple Watch and once these technologies is combined with our knowledge on Medical Devices we will get to the hybrid thinking as presented here.

It will be great as a scientist in 2040 when my brain together with my exponential growing non-biological cloud brain crack problems.

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Martijn Heck: You only succeed if you can do it well. If you cannot do it well, basically you have a useless technology.

This attitude, our curriosity drives evolution. Like the chip design evolving through paradigms. It is the Evolution Process which is Exponential, not only Moores law.

Miniaturization of technology is also an evolution process. The fundamental concepts driving this is our ability to apply Materials and Control their Arrangement.Technological development is an evolution










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US Initiative by Barack Obama, 2011For many years, the United States has been a dominant player in the discovery of transformative materials that are the basis of entirely new products and industries, yet the time lag between discovery of advanced materials and their use in commercial products can be 20 years or more.

At the heart of MGI is the Materials Innovation InfrastructureFramework for seamlessly integrated Experiments, Computation, TheoryAccess to Digital DataA Well-Equipped Workforce

Materials Genome Project (MGI)




Department of EngineeringAARHUSUNIVERSITYAUMaterials Genome InitiativeNational Science and Technology Council Committee on Technology Subcommittee on the Materials Genome Initiative DECEMBER 2014

Here in Europe we do the same; we call it something else less coordinated, but the X-Ray facility in Lund is one example.22



Assoc. Prof. Sren P. Madsen





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Improving solar energy productionSren Madsen is building Mathematical Models of the Nano Material and its Layout, solving the Electro Magnetic field equations to get an idea of Electron Transport in the Titanium dioxide layer as Sun Light hits the Surface

The Material Development Cycle is reduced as a high number of variation of Silver nanoparticleshapes and layout is virtually tested prior to production in the iNANO clean room

We need computational power to test moreadvanced material systems

Johannsen et al. 2015 in Applied Physics Letters




Department of EngineeringAARHUSUNIVERSITYAUTi O2 = Titanium dioxide24

and you get a self powered camera:

The pixels photodiode can be used to not only measure the incident light level, but also convert the incident light into electrical energyMerging solar energy production with integrated electronics

Nayar, S.K., Sims, D.C. & Fridberg, M., 2015 Towards Self-Powered Cameras. Proceeding of the International Conference on Computational Photography ICCP.






Department of EngineeringAARHUSUNIVERSITYAUThis is an example on how Materials Engineering and System Integration lead to innovation.25







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Microstructure from 3D print:Shielding of the nanostructure because of the large differences in stiffness needed for transduction and native tissueAnatomical correct shapes to fit the site of implantNano:Micro:

Same materialCombined into a single component

Nanostructure:Bioactivity induced mechanically and chemically.Biomaterial guide cells to build tissue





25 nm



Department of EngineeringAARHUSUNIVERSITYAUThe continued miniturization provide improved sensors in our microscopes letting us see smaller details leading to improved processing its an evolution

Materials Engineering harness computation power to predict materials behaviour during processing or in its final state3D printing of the macro structure rely on Digital Manufacturing converting 3D geometry into physical shapes28



Department of EngineeringAARHUSUNIVERSITYAUTurn through a material investigating a single cells frozen while in the process of developing bone.XTM Image from ESRF

How long time did it take me to make this image approximately 2,5 years.29

Functionalized Scaffolds for Tissue EngineeringWe have established methods to build 3D scaffolds in a manner that enables us to synthesize designs which include functions within the 3D scaffold at all length scales from macro to nano:Advanced functionalization is needed if a scaffold is to succeed with correct tissue regeneration. Regenerated tissue must include inherent functions realized in native tissue. Thus, an integrated design approach is needed.

Anatomical correct shapes to fit the site of implant made by the surgeon.

Molecular surface modifications to improve cellular signaling and / or nanostructural interaction.Artificial vascularisation to improve perfusion and cultivation of thick tissues.Use of composites totailor scaffold morphologyand improve host integration.

mm

m

nm

ParticlesFibersPlateletPorous







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3D CharacterizationNygaard et al. inBiotech. & Bioeng.The history of LevOss a journey of innovation

Academic Commercial 2006 20132012 2014 2015 2020 Filing of IPThree-dimentional Nanostructured Hybrid Scaffold and Manufacture Thereof. Patent nr. PCT/DK2010/050167Spun out from University Jan 2012 with Seed investment from SEED capital2010 HTF Grant2 M EuroGMP partner and in vivo modelsClosure of next Seed RoundInvitation for X M Euro Building of syndicateLarge animal modelMini pig studyWeak translation of rabbit data in larger animalsMultiple tissues Biomarkers by gene expressionScaffold ProductionChen et al. inActa BiomaterialiaMQUL CollaborationDrug delivery system for OAMIT CollaborationMicrotia tissue engineeringNew SAB Prof Mats BrittbergProf VerdonkQ3 2015 Mechanotransduction hypothesis cartilage ?Biomarkers by gene expressionAU ThesisMechanics of Stem CellsFiling new IPInjectablePA/2013 70759Bone RepairJensen et al. in J. Biomed. Mater. Res.Break through paper Engler et al. 2006 in CellMatrix Elasticity Directs Stem Cell Lineage Specification Nanoporous DeformationsNygaard et al. on Invited Biomechanics WorkshopAU ThesisCartilage signalingsiRNA to Stem CellsAndersen et al. inMolecular TherapyVascularizationWittenborn et al. inJ Magn Reson ImagingNanostructured ScaffoldBjerre et al. on ORS 55th Annual MeetingCartilage RepairChristensen et al. in Knee Surg. Sports Trauma. ArthroscopyB.Sc Course Design of Medical DevicesM.Sc Course Tissue Engineering (first in Denmark)3D Print with RNAAndersen et al. inAdv. Func. Materials




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Focusing on a single cell

Peter Kristensen is able to find the few cancer cells between billions of healthy cells in a blood sample

The key is a small chip that is able to bind the cancer cells on its surface using antibodies

Through selection (image processing) that single cell of interest is identified and the surroundings are destroyed with UV light

Access to single cells will enhance our understanding of disease progression and how cell functions and interact




Department of EngineeringAARHUSUNIVERSITYAUHis chip works according to a simple principle. It contains a canal with fluid through which the patients blood is injected. There are special antibodies on the inner surface of the canal that are able to capture the cancer cells in the sample.

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Associate Professor Xuping Zhang





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Robotic Single-Cell HandlingXuping Zhang builds a robot that works within a microscope

With it, he can handle cells: pick-and-place, positioning, rotating, sorting, patterning, identification, inspection, isolation, injection, etc.

Specifically he works on an intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) system.




Department of EngineeringAARHUSUNIVERSITYAUDrug DeliveryNanocomposite deliver siRNA to Stem Cell and Control their DifferentiationAndersen et al. 2010 Molecular Therapy 18 (11) 2018-2027






Department of EngineeringAARHUSUNIVERSITYAUCells are like Robots. From the Genome they are program using DNA. During the process of decoding DNA in actions, that the cell take, it splises the DNA into RNA as a natural process.

You can take advantage of this proces and deliver RNA directly into the cell using nanoparticles and program it.36

Drug DeliveryNanocomposite deliver siRNA to Stem Cell and Control their DifferentiationMaking bone and fat within the same material in each side, solely by delivering two different siRNA sequences to stem cells (hMSC):

Histological sections from the mouse stained with von Kossa (mineralization appears black) and by immunohistochemistry for osteocalcin (osteocalcin appears brown)Andersen et al. 2010 Molecular Therapy 18 (11) 2018-2027



Department of EngineeringAARHUSUNIVERSITYAUBCL2L2 = Osteogenic (BONE)TRIB2 = adipose (FAT) 37

Materials EngineeringBiomaterials self assembly in NatureFratzl and Weinkamer (2007)



Department of EngineeringAARHUSUNIVERSITYAUEuplectella :

glass fibers

organic kevlar fibers

The smallest chip: Michigan Micro MoteTechnological evolution continues



Department of EngineeringAARHUSUNIVERSITYAUNot only as miniturization as shown hereBut also with increase in system integration (complexity)

The Michigan Micro Mote is thought as sensor for medican devices, collecting information, proces it and transmitting response using its radio layer.

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Learn about us follow the link.





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Growth Technologies

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