Growth of Growth of Western Western

DemocraciesDemocracies

Britain Becomes More Britain Becomes More DemocraticDemocratic

A Century of ReformA Century of Reform

Division and Democracy in Division and Democracy in FranceFrance

Expansion of the United Expansion of the United StatesStates

Western Western DemocraciesDemocracies

EnglandEngland IrelandIreland AmericaAmerica FranceFrance MexicoMexico New ZealandNew Zealand BrazilBrazil

Britain Becomes More Britain Becomes More DemocraticDemocratic Reforming Parliament

The huge discrepancies between the rich and the poor drove the push for reform rather than revolution

DID NOT bring true democracy but did expand it Political Rights (more people given the right to vote) Redistribution of Seats of Parliament (fairer representation) Middle class will gain some power but the nobles remained in

control “Chartists” revolt – to allow votes without public announcement

* failed, but Parliament will later adopt most of their platform

The Victorian Age (Queen Victoria 1837-1901) Era of duty, thrift, honesty, hard work, and respectability Middle class and a growing working class had hopes for the future British empire grew dramatically during this era

A New Era in British Politics Expanded Suffrage: working-class men Secret Ballot Limiting the “Lords”

* power to veto bills from House of Lords* House of Lords becomes mostly

ceremonial* House of Commons becomes the power

of British government

A Century of ReformA Century of Reform Social and Economic Reforms

Free Trade and the Corn Laws: Britain, like other countries, used tariffs to protect their local

economies Adam Smith (laissez-faire) believed no tariffs would profit them all

“FREE TRADE” Corn Laws increased tariffs on imported grains, keeping prices up for

British grown crops. Free Traders wanted tariffs ended, keeping the price for grain down and the cost to the consumers down

Campaign against Slavery British had outlawed slavery (1807) but British ships shipped more

slaves from Africa to America than any other country 1833 – Slavery illegal in all British colonies, but still bought cheap

cotton from America Crime and Punishment

1800 – 200+ crimes punishable by death “capital offenses” Juries were known to not convict someone because the punishment

was too harsh Death Penalty crimes will be decreased to only treason, murder,

piracy and arson Penal Colonies: convicts were shipped off to settlements for

criminals (Aust. & NZ) Prison conditions improved, hangings outlawed – a move to make

punishment less severe

A Century of ReformA Century of Reform Victories for the Working Class: Parliament will pass a series of

reforms designed to help the men, women, and children whose labor supported the new industrial revolution.

Working Conditions: Early conditions during the Industrial Revolution were brutal/dangerous. Parliament began to regulate conditions, limited hours, set minimum wages, etc

Labor Unions: Early, unions were outlawed. Eventually Unions allowed but strikes were still illegal. Unions spread despite the attempts to stop them

Later Reforms: Social Reforms to benefit the working class:

public health and housing for working classfree education for all childrengov’t jobs based on merit not by birth or wealthLabor Party: political party that looked out for

workersSocial Welfare Laws to protect the well-being of

poorOld Age Pensions

When workers concerns were listened to, the radicals had little interest

A Century of A Century of ReformReform Votes for Women: Women divided on issue

By early 1900, suffragists believed only aggressive tactics would help

Interrupted Parliament Organized Huge Public Demonstrations Still no results, some turn to violent protests Jailed, hunger strikes, etc

The Irish Question British rule in 1100’s, Irish never accepted British rule Irish forced to pay tithe to Church of England even though

most were Catholic Rebellion and resistance were common Irish Nationalism: To stop rebellions, some reforms passed

(voting for Catholics) Yet still many injustices persisted (English Landlords could

evict without notice, illegal to teach or speak the Irish language

A Century of ReformA Century of Reform The Great Hunger: ¾ of all croplands used to grow crops

sent to England Potatoes the main crop for themselves and for export 1845 – Great Potato Famine: A blight destroyed the crop.

Lack of food in Ireland continued as British shipped all other foods out of Ireland

In 4 years, more than 1 million Irish men, women and children died of starvation or disease. More than 1 million more will leave Ireland for America or Canada

Struggle for Home Rule: for centuries the Irish have fought for home rule

“Irish Question” – English Parliament has also struggled with how to deal with the lands they control in Ireland

Still today, Ireland (independent in 1921) and Northern Ireland (British Controlled) are an issue that both Ireland and England struggle with

Quick Review Quick Review (p.294)(p.294)

Work together in groups of no more than 4

Each must turn in the assignment Go to page 294

Answer 3-5 Use notes, book to answer the questions

Go to page 300 Answer 3-5 Use notes, book to answer the questions

Division and Democracy in Division and Democracy in FranceFrance

France under Napoleon III Rich supported him as a strong leader Poor liked him because he promised to end poverty Unlike Napoleon I, NIII would not bring glory nor a

return to empire for France

Limits on Liberty Napoleon III ruled like a dictator (eventually will ease

control) Like other developing nations, middle class growing

but poor still living in great poverty Built the Suez Canal (great accomplishment) Tried to “colonize” Mexico (Mexico and US objected)

failed Foreign successes also VERY costly, little to show for it Napoleon III lured into war with Germany, lost

People of France so starving they were eating rats and circus animals

Challenges to the Third Challenges to the Third RepublicRepublic

Napoleon III captured, government overthrown French set up the Third Republic (temporary) and set up peace

with Germany (surrender lands and pay huge reparation payments)

Government Structure Republic set up (bicameral, premier, multi-party system)

Scandals France grew economically over the years A series of scandals weaken government control

THE DREYFUS AFFAIR Dreyfus, a high-ranking Jewish officer, charged with spying for Germany At trial, neither Dreyfus or his lawyer allowed to see evidence He was convicted to life in prison, proclaiming his innocence Evidence came up proving him innocent and another guilty. France refused

to free him Led to efforts to reform the system, France scarred by this for a long time

Reforms in FranceReforms in France After the Dreyfus Affair, France passed several reforms

Work (wages, hours safety conditions) Public Elementary Schools (to break the hold the of the Roman

Catholic Church) Separation of Church and State (stopped paying salary of clergy,

closed church schools, etc) Women’s Rights (earn own wages, suffrage rights)

Looking Ahead By 1914, France was the largest democratic country with a

constitution that protected rights Many French “itching” to revenge the losses in the Franco-Prussian

War

Quick ReviewQuick Review Get in groups of 3 or 4 Use your books/notes to find

answers List 3 reforms that occurred in each

of these countries England (Great Britain) France

As a group, come up list of reforms WRITE THEM ON WHITE BOARD

Expansion of the U.S.Expansion of the U.S. Territorial Expansion (US policy of expanding coast to

coast) Manifest Destiny: The right to expand and impose their ways

on those they overtook (Louisiana Purchase, Mexican American War, Alaska)

Settling the West: Gold/Silver drew millions out west. Mormon settlers were fleeing religious persecution

Native Americans were displaced by settlers, their culture was destroyed

Expanding Democracy (most liberal on voting rights, democracy

African Americans, Women had few rights Calls for ABOLITION (end of slavery) Civil War will finally put

an end to it Women’s Rights Movement (Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady

Stanton, Susan B. Anthony) led fight for the right to vote [suffrage]

Expansion of the Expansion of the U.S.U.S. The Civil War and its Aftermath

The Civil War was fought for many reasons SUCCESSION SLAVERY

After the CW, African Americans faced discrimination/segregation as well as economic hardship that was worse, in many ways, than slavery

Economic Growth and Social Reform Industrial Revolution will totally change America,

became the most powerful economic country in the world Industry grew, transportation and communication

advances Immigration/Growth of Cities

Rapid Growth brought issues to the cities Immigrants (mostly from Europe and Asia)

Tough Conditions (slums, discrimination)

Migration from the Farms

Expansion in the Expansion in the U.S.U.S.

Business and Labor: “Big Business” Monopolies, Harsh business practices saw great

wealth that was not shared with the workers Unions develop out of disparity, unsafe

worksites Populists and Progressives

People pressure governments to protect the common person not just “Big Business”

Reforms to child labor, working conditions, regulating monopolies, expanding voting rights

LOOKING AHEAD: US now a GLOBAL POWER

* territories: Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines, etc * tradition of “Isolationism” falling away * rivalries of European nations will cause them

to fall into a world war. The US will stay out . . . for a while

Ch. 11 EssaysCh. 11 Essays Name 2 reforms towards democracy Name 2 reforms towards democracy

in each of the countries studied. in each of the countries studied. Explain HOW these reforms moved Explain HOW these reforms moved that country to democracy.that country to democracy.

Why do you think Britain was able to Why do you think Britain was able to avoid the upheavals that plagued avoid the upheavals that plagued France during this era of reforms?France during this era of reforms?

Ch 11 VocabularyCh 11 Vocabulary

AbolitionistAbolitionist * Penal Colony* Penal Colony CoalitionCoalition * Provisional* Provisional Free TradeFree Trade * Rotten * Rotten

BoroughBorough Home RuleHome Rule * Secret Ballot* Secret Ballot IsolationismIsolationism * *

SegregationSegregation

Quick ReviewQuick Review Britain Britain p.292-300p.292-300

Reforms: Political, Social, Economic, Reforms: Political, Social, Economic, TerritorialTerritorial

France France p.301-305p.301-305 Reforms: Political, Social, Economic, Reforms: Political, Social, Economic,

TerritorialTerritorial

United States United States p.306-311p.306-311 Reforms: Political, Social, Economic, Reforms: Political, Social, Economic,

TerritorialTerritorial

Chapter ReviewChapter Review You can work in groups of 2-3You can work in groups of 2-3 Each must turn in workEach must turn in work P. 312P. 312

# 1-10 = write a sentence using # 1-10 = write a sentence using this word in this word in

context of this chaptercontext of this chapter

# 11-16 = answer questions# 11-16 = answer questions

# 18 = answer question# 18 = answer question

Asia MapsAsia Maps RequiredRequired Extra Extra

CreditCreditAfghanistanAfghanistan North KoreaNorth Korea AzerbaijanAzerbaijan LebanonLebanon

AustraliaAustralia PakistanPakistan CambodiaCambodia MongoliaMongolia

ChinaChina PhilippinesPhilippines GeorgiaGeorgia NepalNepal

IndonesiaIndonesia RussiaRussia JordanJordan Sri Sri LankaLanka

IranIran Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia KazakhstanKazakhstanTurkmenistanTurkmenistan

IraqIraq South KoreaSouth Korea LaosLaos YemenYemen

IsraelIsrael SyriaSyria

IndiaIndia ThailandThailand

JapanJapan VietnamVietnam