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Growth and ExpansionUnit 10

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The Growth of Industry

Almost all Americans were farmers

Most goods were homemade from hand tools

British first began to make machine items in 1700’s

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Textiles- cloth was the first good to be made by machine

Water wheels- Served power source to early factories. Wheels would turn by water current and in turn create power

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_wheel

Industrial Revolution: the movement from farms to factories

Industrial Revolution in new EnglandRevolution- a quick, far reaching

changeIndustrial Revolution in U.S.- started in

1800 in new England- had rivers and streams for power- Climate and rocky soil= poor growing- Close to natural sources(coal/iron)PA- Lots of ports to export and import

goods

New technology- to speed up production and increase $Profits- difference between money

needed to make a good and what one can sell it for. Goal of all companies

Cotton gin- Eli Whitney/ seperated seeds from cotton. Cotton becomes profitable slavery booms in south

Interchangeable parts- Eli Whitney/ replace a certain part rather than the whole product. (ex. Muffler on a car instead of the whole car)

Patents and Factories

Patent- given by US government, allows for an inventor sole legal right to his or her invention as well as any profits for a period of time.

Sam Slater- British man who memorized plans for a textile mill and moved to America in 1789 to repair machines and build a new factory in Pawtucket RI.

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Lowell factory

Francis Cabot Lowell- built textile plant in Lowell MA in 1814. All steps to make cloth was now made in one place.

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Lowell Girls

Lowell hired girls from across the country from ages 10-24 to live and work in the mills (recall previous readings)

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Factory System- all the steps to make a good are done in one place to increase efficiency

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Free Enterprise

Capitalism- economic system were citizens can invest money in business’s to make money. Profit is motivation

Free enterprise/ laissez-faire- citizens are free to buy, sell, invest, and produce what they want without government interference. Buyers compete to find the best products for the lowest prices.