Growing Peas and LentilsGrowing Peas and Lentils Key ... · Concerns With Desiccating Peas and...

24
Growing Peas and Lentils Growing Peas and Lentils Key Growth Stages Kent McKay, NCREC Area Extension Agronomist Area Extension Agronomist Minot, ND

Transcript of Growing Peas and LentilsGrowing Peas and Lentils Key ... · Concerns With Desiccating Peas and...

Page 1: Growing Peas and LentilsGrowing Peas and Lentils Key ... · Concerns With Desiccating Peas and Lentils E en ripening of the field is er importantEven ripening of the field is very

Growing Peas and LentilsGrowing Peas and Lentils Key Growth Stages

Kent McKay, NCRECArea Extension AgronomistArea Extension Agronomist

Minot, ND

Page 2: Growing Peas and LentilsGrowing Peas and Lentils Key ... · Concerns With Desiccating Peas and Lentils E en ripening of the field is er importantEven ripening of the field is very

Pea and Lentil Growth StagesPea and Lentil Growth Stages

SeedSeedGermination considerationsGrowth and developmentGrowth and developmentDesiccating Considerations

Page 3: Growing Peas and LentilsGrowing Peas and Lentils Key ... · Concerns With Desiccating Peas and Lentils E en ripening of the field is er importantEven ripening of the field is very

Pea SeedPea Seed

Larger compared to most cropsLarger compared to most cropsAverage 2000 seeds per pound

range 1600 to 2500 seeds/lbg

Seed doubles in volume during the first 2 days of germination

Requires 3X the moisture for germination compared to small grains

38°F minimum temperature for germination

Page 4: Growing Peas and LentilsGrowing Peas and Lentils Key ... · Concerns With Desiccating Peas and Lentils E en ripening of the field is er importantEven ripening of the field is very

Pea SeedPea Seed

38°F minimum temperature for germination38 F minimum temperature for germination

Soil temperature and days to emergence:p y g38°F - 45°F: 17 to 21 days to emerge45°F - 50°F: 14 to 17 days to emergey g50°F - 55°F+: 10 to 14 days to emerge

Page 5: Growing Peas and LentilsGrowing Peas and Lentils Key ... · Concerns With Desiccating Peas and Lentils E en ripening of the field is er importantEven ripening of the field is very

Lentil SeedLentil Seed

“Lens-shaped” thus the name lentilLens shaped thus the name lentilAverage seeds per pound

Range from 6,000 to 12,000 seeds/lbg , ,

Requires similar moisture requirements for germination as small grains41°F minimum temperature for germination

Requires slightly warmers soil temps for germination compared to peas

Page 6: Growing Peas and LentilsGrowing Peas and Lentils Key ... · Concerns With Desiccating Peas and Lentils E en ripening of the field is er importantEven ripening of the field is very

Lentil SeedLentil Seed

41°F minimum temperature for germination41 F minimum temperature for germination

Soil temperature and days to emergence:p y g41°F - 45°F: 17 to 21 days to emerge45°F - 50°F: 14 to 17 days to emergey g50°F - 55°F+: 10 to 14 days to emerge

Page 7: Growing Peas and LentilsGrowing Peas and Lentils Key ... · Concerns With Desiccating Peas and Lentils E en ripening of the field is er importantEven ripening of the field is very

Pea and Lentil GerminationPea and Lentil Germination

“Hypogeal” germinationHypogeal germinationGrowing point/cotyledons stay with the seed piece

Often described as a numeral “node” stage or by “inches high”

Page 8: Growing Peas and LentilsGrowing Peas and Lentils Key ... · Concerns With Desiccating Peas and Lentils E en ripening of the field is er importantEven ripening of the field is very

Pea and Lentil GerminationPea and Lentil Germination

Cotyledons and 1st node are with the seedCotyledons and 1 node are with the seed piece

2nd and 3rd nodes usually stay below the ground y y gand act as axillary buds

t d th1st true leaf actually is the 3rd or 4th node; however, it’s called the 1st vegetative node

Page 9: Growing Peas and LentilsGrowing Peas and Lentils Key ... · Concerns With Desiccating Peas and Lentils E en ripening of the field is er importantEven ripening of the field is very

Pea and Lentil Growth StagesPea and Lentil Growth Stages

1st node/leaf stage: gDepends on soil temps usually 14 days

2nd node/leaf stage and after: every 4 to 5 days

Important for frost, herbicide application, rolling, N fixation, etc.N fixation, etc.

Page 10: Growing Peas and LentilsGrowing Peas and Lentils Key ... · Concerns With Desiccating Peas and Lentils E en ripening of the field is er importantEven ripening of the field is very

Key Pea Growth StagesKey Pea Growth Stages

2nd leafor 2nd nodeor 2 node

1st leafor 1st node

-------------------------------------Scale bud

Cotyledons

Page 11: Growing Peas and LentilsGrowing Peas and Lentils Key ... · Concerns With Desiccating Peas and Lentils E en ripening of the field is er importantEven ripening of the field is very

Key Growth StagesKey Growth Stages

Each leaf stage can be gidentified as a node stage as well

Ex 1st leaf stage

4th node

Ex. 1st leaf stage =1st vegetative node stage

d

3rd node

-----------------------------------1st node

2nd node

Scale buds

Page 12: Growing Peas and LentilsGrowing Peas and Lentils Key ... · Concerns With Desiccating Peas and Lentils E en ripening of the field is er importantEven ripening of the field is very

Frost ToleranceFrost Tolerance

Peas: 19 - 23°FPeas: 19 23 FCan withstand extremely cold temperatures, especially between the 1st an 5th node stagesy g

Lentils: 25°FNot as frost tolerant as peasSimilar to canola, however, the lentil growing

i t i b l th dpoint is below the ground

Page 13: Growing Peas and LentilsGrowing Peas and Lentils Key ... · Concerns With Desiccating Peas and Lentils E en ripening of the field is er importantEven ripening of the field is very

Severe Frost Damage CasesSevere Frost Damage Cases

What to expect?What to expect?If leaves are killed and the stem is wilted

1 – 5 node stage: quick recovery from1 5 node stage: quick recovery from underground axillary buds7th node stage or beyond:

Ab t 40 d ft l tiAbout 40 days after plantingPlant will most likely die for axillary bud initiation will most likely not occur for the plant is moving into the

d ti t Ab t 15 t 20 d freproductive stages. About 15 to 20 days from flowering

Need temps in the low 20’s in early, mid-June?2004 Twice: June 18 and June 25

Page 14: Growing Peas and LentilsGrowing Peas and Lentils Key ... · Concerns With Desiccating Peas and Lentils E en ripening of the field is er importantEven ripening of the field is very

Herbicide ConsiderationsHerbicide Considerations

Node (leaf) stages important for mostNode (leaf) stages important for most broadleaf herbicides Basagran: contact herbicideBasagran: contact herbicide

At least 4 nodes

Pursuit/RaptorPrior to the five node stagePrior to the five node stage

Page 15: Growing Peas and LentilsGrowing Peas and Lentils Key ... · Concerns With Desiccating Peas and Lentils E en ripening of the field is er importantEven ripening of the field is very

Rolling Peas/LentilsRolling Peas/Lentils

Prior to emergence:Prior to emergence:Recommended only in a high residue or no-till cropping systempp g y

After emergence:Any cropping systemHeavy soil types

P 1 5 d t 1 t 4 i h hi hPeas 1 - 5 node stage, 1 to 4 inches high After 7 node stage:

stand reduction and yield reduction can occurstand reduction and yield reduction can occur

Page 16: Growing Peas and LentilsGrowing Peas and Lentils Key ... · Concerns With Desiccating Peas and Lentils E en ripening of the field is er importantEven ripening of the field is very

F ili R d iFertility Recommendations

Nodulation/N fixation begins at the 3 to 4 node stage

Approximately 3 weeks after plantingApproximately 3 weeks after plantingN fixation only occurs for only 4 to 5 weeks so every week countsIf N fixation has not occurred by the 5th node stage

First, need to determine Why?Still time for a N rescue treatment if neededStill time for a N rescue treatment if needed

N needs by the plant reach maximum at flowering

Page 17: Growing Peas and LentilsGrowing Peas and Lentils Key ... · Concerns With Desiccating Peas and Lentils E en ripening of the field is er importantEven ripening of the field is very

Desiccating Peas and LentilsDesiccating Peas and Lentils

Gramo one Ma (Paraq at)Gramoxone Max (Paraquat)Glyphosate: not a “true” desiccant

O l id ti h ld b f i lOnly consideration should be for perennial weed control

Page 18: Growing Peas and LentilsGrowing Peas and Lentils Key ... · Concerns With Desiccating Peas and Lentils E en ripening of the field is er importantEven ripening of the field is very

Ad antages in DesiccationAdvantages in Desiccation

Dr ines for e en har estingDry vines for even harvestingNeed even, mature cropDry down troublesome weedsDry down troublesome weeds

Wild buckwheat, kochiaUsually a quality decision (Green peas)Usually a quality decision (Green peas)

Standing peas usually will dry more rapidly and generally retain better seed qualityand generally retain better seed quality (less bleach) than peas in a swath

Page 19: Growing Peas and LentilsGrowing Peas and Lentils Key ... · Concerns With Desiccating Peas and Lentils E en ripening of the field is er importantEven ripening of the field is very

Concerns With DesiccatingPeas and Lentils

E en ripening of the field is er importantEven ripening of the field is very importantCan be a tough decision when to spray

2004 uneven ripening made spraying difficult2004 uneven ripening made spraying difficultImmature/green seed will cause quality issues, discountsissues, discounts

Lentils have more indeterminate growth compared to peas

Uneven ripening, low areas green, hilltops ripeSwathing better choice if that’s the case

Page 20: Growing Peas and LentilsGrowing Peas and Lentils Key ... · Concerns With Desiccating Peas and Lentils E en ripening of the field is er importantEven ripening of the field is very

Crop Staging for DesiccatingCrop Staging for Desiccating

PeasPeas80% to 90% of the pods have turned yellow to tan-ripe coloryellow to tan-ripe colorTop pods should have turned from a dark green color to a limey-green colorg y g

Seed should be firm when pressedWith yellow peas; seed should have a light

/ ll lgreen/yellow color

Page 21: Growing Peas and LentilsGrowing Peas and Lentils Key ... · Concerns With Desiccating Peas and Lentils E en ripening of the field is er importantEven ripening of the field is very

Crop Staging for DesiccatingCrop Staging for Desiccating

Lentils:Lentils:75% of the pods should be yellow to ripeTop pods should have turned from a darkTop pods should have turned from a dark green color to a limey-green color

Seed should be firm when pressedIf d d th id blIf sprayed and there are a considerable percentage of green pods/green seeds significant grade discounts will most likely occurAbout a 7 to 10 days later than a normal swathing date

Page 22: Growing Peas and LentilsGrowing Peas and Lentils Key ... · Concerns With Desiccating Peas and Lentils E en ripening of the field is er importantEven ripening of the field is very

Desiccating Peas and LentilsDesiccating Peas and Lentils

Gramo one Ma 1 ½ pints/acreGramoxone Max: 1 ½ pints/acre 20 gallons of water preffered7 day PHI7 day PHI

Page 23: Growing Peas and LentilsGrowing Peas and Lentils Key ... · Concerns With Desiccating Peas and Lentils E en ripening of the field is er importantEven ripening of the field is very

Gl phosate When and WhereGlyphosate When and Where

Perennial eed controlPerennial weed controlNeed even, mature cropDry down troublesome weedsDry down troublesome weedsWild buckwheat, kochia

Usually a quality decision (Green peas)Usually a quality decision (Green peas)Standing peas usually will dry more rapidly and generally retain better seed qualityand generally retain better seed quality (less bleach) than peas in a swath

Page 24: Growing Peas and LentilsGrowing Peas and Lentils Key ... · Concerns With Desiccating Peas and Lentils E en ripening of the field is er importantEven ripening of the field is very

QuestionsQuestions