Groups of the Periodic Table
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Transcript of Groups of the Periodic Table
Groups of the Periodic Table
Valence Electrons
The electrons in the OUTERMOST energy level of the atom. These are the electrons furthest from the
nucleus. They determine the element’s reactivity
and bonding patterns.
Hydrogen & Helium
They are different from the other elements, because their TOTAL ELECTRONS are their VALENCE ELECTRONS. H has 1 total electron- it is its valence
electron He has 2 total electrons- they are its
valence electrons.
Alkali Metals
Located in Group I Soft/easy to cut HIGHLY REACTIVE (air & water) 1 valence electron (s1)
Alkaline Earth Metals
Located in Group II Exhibit all properties of metals
PLUS: Two valence electrons s2
Very reactive
Transition Metals
Located in the middle block Shiny/good conductors Less reactive than the other metal
groups D orbitals are filled
Halogens
Located in Group VII Specific group of nonmetals MOST REACTIVE NONMETALS Seven valence electrons (s2p5) Like to react with alkali metals and
alkaline earth metals to form salts May be solid, liquid or gaseous
element
Noble Gases
Located in Group VIII “Inert gases”- nonreactive Eight valence electrons (s2p6)
Periodic Law
Many of the physical and chemical properties of elements repeat periodically when arranged by atomic number.
Laws
Generalizes many observations EXPLAIN
Does not address WHY
Theory
Summarizes a group of hypotheses that have been supported with repeated testing Can be changed Explains WHY
Why is the “periodic law” considered a law and not a theory?