Group & Team
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Introduction to Group Dynamics
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What is a Group?
Definition of a group:Two or more individuals who are connected to one another by social relationships.
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Two or more individuals who are connected to one another by social relationships.
• Size: dyads and triads to large collectives.
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Two or more individuals who are connected to one another by social
relationships.
• Connected: members are linked, networked
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Two or more individuals who are connected to one another by social relationships.
Social, interpersonal connection: not
categorical only
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The Nature of Groups
Group
• Is often used for almost any occasion when two or more people come together.
• In sociology, however, we use several terms for various collections of people, not all of which are considered groups.
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Social group
• Consists of a number of people who have a common identity, some feeling of unity, and certain common goals and shared norms
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Why do you feel social groups are important?
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Functions of Groups
To function properly, all groups—both primary and secondary—must
• Defining Boundaries• Choosing Leaders • Making Decisions • Setting Goals • Assigning Tasks • Controlling Members’ Behavior • Reference Groups
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15-10
Team
Team– A group whose members work intensely with
each other to achieve a specific, common goal or objective.
– All teams are groups but not all groups are teams.
• Teams often are difficult to form.• It takes time for members to learn how to work
together.
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Types of Groups
• Dyad
• Triad
• Primary group
• Secondary group
• Reference group
• In-group
• Out-group
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Dyads and Triads
• DyadGroup consisting of two people
• TriadGroup consisting of three people.
.
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Primary Groups
Groups consisting of intimate, face-to-face interaction and relatively long-lasting relationships.
Examples:
Families, close friends, peer groups, gangs, elite military squads
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Secondary group
Secondary groups are people who share only part of their lives while focusing on a goal or task.
Secondary relationships are impersonal interactions involving limited parts of personalities.
Examples:
work groups, unions and professional associations
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Reference groups
Reference groups are a group use for self-evaluation and the formation of attitudes, values, beliefs, and norms.
A reference group is a group to which we compare ourselves.
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Reference groups
For example, if a man buys a more expensive car than he normally would because his neighbors drive that particular model, his buying behavior is seen to be influenced by his reference group.
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In-groups
• In-groups are exclusive groups demanding intense loyalty.
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Out-groups
• Out-groups are groups targets by an in-group for opposition, antagonism or competition.
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Social networks
• Social networks are a web of social relationships that join a person to other people and groups.
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Five Types of Social Interaction
• •Robert Nisbet (1988) describes 5 types of social interaction basic to group life:
• 1.Cooperation
• 2.Conflict
• 3.Social Exchange
• 4.Coercion
• 5.Conformity
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• Cooperation is interaction in which individuals or groups combine their efforts to reach a goal.
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• Conflict is interaction aimed at defeating an opponent.
• Social exchange is a voluntary action performed in the exception of getting a reward in return.
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Coercion: is an interaction in which individuals or groups are forced to behave in a particular way.
Conformity: is the behavior that matches group expectations.
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What is a Team?
The word 'team' derives from the use of oxen or bullocks shackled together to create a focused, shared force for transporting heavy materials.
You are here as part of a team…
24
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Team
A small number of people with complementary
skills who are committed to a common purpose, set of performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable.
14-25
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Existing teams might regress back to an earlier stage of development
FormingForming
StormingStorming
NormingNorming
Performing
AdjourningAdjourning
Stages of Team Development
8-26
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Forming
• Team members are introduced and begin getting to know each other
• Goals and tasks are established
• Generally polite behavior among members
• Norms are not understood
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Storming
• Members are sizing each other up and may feel more comfortable and voice their views
• Members may compete for team roles
• May argue about goals or how they should be accomplished
• May choose sides against other members
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Norming• Once issues are resolved,
agreement occurs around team norms and expectations
• Trust and common interests are developing
• Roles and objectives are clarified and understood
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Performing
• Members make contributions and are motivated by results
• Leadership is shared according to members’ knowledge and skills
• Norms and culture are well understood
• Tasks get accomplished effectively and efficiently
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Group Development Process
Stage 5: Adjourning
• Work is done
• Time to move on to other things
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Group Leadership
• Leaders exert influence over members– In formal groups, leaders can reward or punish
members who do not conform to orders or rules
• A formal group may have no formal leader– Autonomous work groups– Self-managed teams
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3 C’s of Team Players
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Every Team Member Can Help!
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Teamwork“Create A Story”
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