Group Social Capital and Performance in MMOGs
-
Upload
gracebene -
Category
Leadership & Management
-
view
160 -
download
0
Transcript of Group Social Capital and Performance in MMOGs
![Page 1: Group Social Capital and Performance in MMOGs](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103118/55cc7a3cbb61eb2b3d8b4811/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
INSNA ‘15
Group Closure and Brokerage: Social Capital and Group Effectiveness
in MMOGsGrace A. Benefield
Cuihua Shen
Communication
University of California, Davis
INSNA ‘15
Brighton, UK
1
![Page 2: Group Social Capital and Performance in MMOGs](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103118/55cc7a3cbb61eb2b3d8b4811/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
INSNA ‘152
Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs)
• Players develop avatar interact with other users in virtual world• Earn money• Make transactions• Chat
• Can be similar to a second job• Many play average 20 hours/wk (Yee, 2006)• Requires teamwork, creativity, long hours to progress
![Page 3: Group Social Capital and Performance in MMOGs](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103118/55cc7a3cbb61eb2b3d8b4811/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
INSNA ‘153
Types of MMOG Teams
Pick up Groups (PUGS)
• Short-term• Members may be
unique or repeated• Group together to
beat a level/dungeon/monster then separate
Guilds
• Longer term• More stable social
structure• Different purposes• Gain access to
resources
![Page 4: Group Social Capital and Performance in MMOGs](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103118/55cc7a3cbb61eb2b3d8b4811/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
INSNA ‘154
MMOGs as a test bed for org’l research(Assmann et al., 2010)
•More diverse population
•Western, university-students in lab
experiments
•Individual and group-level processes
•Longitudinal studies of real teams
•Studies on leaders
![Page 5: Group Social Capital and Performance in MMOGs](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103118/55cc7a3cbb61eb2b3d8b4811/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
INSNA ‘155
Research directions
How does social structure within and across teams affect group performance?
Does the social structure differ from a corporate
organization?
![Page 6: Group Social Capital and Performance in MMOGs](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103118/55cc7a3cbb61eb2b3d8b4811/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
INSNA ‘156
Group Social Capital
•DV: Group-level performance measure•IVs: Group-level social capital measures
![Page 7: Group Social Capital and Performance in MMOGs](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103118/55cc7a3cbb61eb2b3d8b4811/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
INSNA ‘157
![Page 8: Group Social Capital and Performance in MMOGs](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103118/55cc7a3cbb61eb2b3d8b4811/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
INSNA ‘158
Within Teams
Low Closure High Closure
![Page 9: Group Social Capital and Performance in MMOGs](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103118/55cc7a3cbb61eb2b3d8b4811/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
INSNA ‘159
H1
Closure and group effectiveness Inverted U relationship (Oh, Chung,
Labianca, 2004)
![Page 10: Group Social Capital and Performance in MMOGs](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103118/55cc7a3cbb61eb2b3d8b4811/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
INSNA ‘1510
Across Teams•Diverse ties to other teams
•Leader to leader ties
![Page 11: Group Social Capital and Performance in MMOGs](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103118/55cc7a3cbb61eb2b3d8b4811/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
INSNA ‘1511
H2 and H3
Intergroup Bridging Diversity
Group Effectiveness
Leadership Centrality
Group Effectiveness
![Page 12: Group Social Capital and Performance in MMOGs](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103118/55cc7a3cbb61eb2b3d8b4811/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
INSNA ‘1512
Data
•Chinese version•DN• Fantasy game developed by Eyedentity Games and Nexon• Available in Korea, China, North America, South East Asia, Europe• Free to play
• Purpose: awaken a poisoned goddess• Defeat dungeons and dragons• Discover power stones
• Players can interact with others:• Chat• Teams• Guilds• Trading currency/items
![Page 13: Group Social Capital and Performance in MMOGs](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103118/55cc7a3cbb61eb2b3d8b4811/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
INSNA ‘1513
Sampling•Guilds•Started during the collection period•>3 characters in the guild on the last day of collection•804 total guilds (Max = 97 guild members)
•Guild members•11,549 characters•Level (Min = 2, Max = 40)
![Page 14: Group Social Capital and Performance in MMOGs](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103118/55cc7a3cbb61eb2b3d8b4811/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
INSNA ‘1514
Player Networks
Social• Tie – User connects
to alter as “friends”
Task• Tie – User and alter
play together in a team during collection period
• Weight – # of shared teaming instances
Exchange• Tie – User and alter
trade together during collection period
• Weight – Total # of trade transactions
*Both user/alter must be in the sample of guild members
R-squared = .25 R-squared = .05
R-squared = .13
![Page 15: Group Social Capital and Performance in MMOGs](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103118/55cc7a3cbb61eb2b3d8b4811/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
INSNA ‘1515
NodesNodes = guildsNode size = degree centralityNode color = # of guild character members
EdgesPurple = Task tiesBlue = Exchange tiesPink = Social ties
Inter-Group Network
![Page 16: Group Social Capital and Performance in MMOGs](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103118/55cc7a3cbb61eb2b3d8b4811/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
INSNA ‘1516
Three Guild-Guild Networks
Social Task Exchange
![Page 17: Group Social Capital and Performance in MMOGs](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103118/55cc7a3cbb61eb2b3d8b4811/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
INSNA ‘1517
DV
Guild Effectiveness•Average of the total guild points a guild has on the last day of the collection period
•Guild points complete quests
•Advance guild level guild pts, currency, a minimum number of guild members
![Page 18: Group Social Capital and Performance in MMOGs](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103118/55cc7a3cbb61eb2b3d8b4811/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
INSNA ‘1518
Controls
•Character count• Total number of guild members on the last day of collection
•Average guild member level• Sum of all the guild member’s max levels / # of characters in a guild
•Total intragroup ties
![Page 19: Group Social Capital and Performance in MMOGs](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103118/55cc7a3cbb61eb2b3d8b4811/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
INSNA ‘1519
IVs – Intragroup Closure across 3 networks
•Density•Density squared
![Page 20: Group Social Capital and Performance in MMOGs](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103118/55cc7a3cbb61eb2b3d8b4811/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
INSNA ‘1520
IVs - Intergroup Brokerage
•Bridging diversity (Blau, 1977)• *Pi• Pi = proportional tie influence of each group’s ties based on the total number of groups• Ranges from 0 to 1
•Leader degree centrality• Sum each guild leader’s total number of ties with other leaders
![Page 21: Group Social Capital and Performance in MMOGs](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103118/55cc7a3cbb61eb2b3d8b4811/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
INSNA ‘1521
Results Social Task ExchangeModel 4 Model 4 Model 4
7.75*** 7.11*** 7.64***
Controls
Guild members 0.03*** 0.02 *** 0.02***
Experience 0.19*** 0.11*** 0.13*
Total ties 0.01 0.01*** -0.01Closure
Density 0.73 16.49*** 4.58Density sqd -2.73** -19.29** -6.85*
BrokerageBridging diversity 0.20 0.99*** 0.64***Leader centrality 0.02 0.01* -0.01
F 23.46*** 46.27*** 31.15***Infl Pt. 0.10 0.27 0.75
•Group members•Average experience
![Page 22: Group Social Capital and Performance in MMOGs](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103118/55cc7a3cbb61eb2b3d8b4811/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
INSNA ‘1522
Results Social Task ExchangeModel 4 Model 4 Model 4
7.75*** 7.11*** 7.64***
Controls
Guild members 0.03*** 0.02 *** 0.02***
Experience 0.19*** 0.11*** 0.13*
Total ties 0.01 0.01*** -0.01Closure
Density 0.73 16.49*** 4.58Density sqd -2.73** -19.29** -6.85*
BrokerageBridging diversity 0.20 0.99*** 0.64***Leader centrality 0.02 0.01* -0.01
R 2 0.17 0.29 0.22
F 23.46*** 46.27*** 31.15***Infl Pt. 0.10 0.27 0.75
•Density sqd•Negatively related• All 3 networks
•Peak•Social .10•Task .27•Exchange .75
![Page 23: Group Social Capital and Performance in MMOGs](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103118/55cc7a3cbb61eb2b3d8b4811/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
INSNA ‘1523
Results Social Task ExchangeModel 4 Model 4 Model 4
7.75*** 7.11*** 7.64***
Controls
Guild members 0.03*** 0.02 *** 0.02***
Experience 0.19*** 0.11*** 0.13*
Total ties 0.01 0.01*** -0.01Closure
Density 0.73 16.49*** 4.58Density sqd -2.73** -19.29** -6.85*
BrokerageBridging diversity 0.20 0.99*** 0.64***Leader centrality 0.02 0.01* -0.01
R 2 0.17 0.29 0.22
F 23.46*** 46.27*** 31.15***Infl Pt. 0.10 0.27 0.75*** p < .001; ** p < .01; * p < .05
•Bridging• Task• Exchange
•Leader Centrality•Task
![Page 24: Group Social Capital and Performance in MMOGs](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103118/55cc7a3cbb61eb2b3d8b4811/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
INSNA ‘1524
Discussion
Successful teams – for any network – are bigger, experienced, with a curvilinear relation with closure
![Page 25: Group Social Capital and Performance in MMOGs](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103118/55cc7a3cbb61eb2b3d8b4811/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
INSNA ‘1525
Discussion
Social network teams with less intragroup density were more
successful
![Page 26: Group Social Capital and Performance in MMOGs](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103118/55cc7a3cbb61eb2b3d8b4811/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
INSNA ‘1526
Discussion
Achievement-oriented networks teams with a moderate to high
intragroup density were more successful
![Page 27: Group Social Capital and Performance in MMOGs](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103118/55cc7a3cbb61eb2b3d8b4811/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
INSNA ‘1527
Discussion
Achievement-oriented networks high brokerage may have a greater
impact on performance
![Page 28: Group Social Capital and Performance in MMOGs](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103118/55cc7a3cbb61eb2b3d8b4811/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
INSNA ‘1528
Limitations
•Sample newly formed guilds (3 month period)•Do digital traces reflect actual strength of ties?•One case study of Chinese players•Do the results expand across players? MMOGs?
![Page 29: Group Social Capital and Performance in MMOGs](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103118/55cc7a3cbb61eb2b3d8b4811/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
INSNA ‘1529
Strengths
•Find similar social structures in both organizational work groups (Oh et al., 2004) and an MMOG•Examine multiple types of networks•Further research on self-organized teams•Use unobtrusive behavioral data instead of surveys
![Page 30: Group Social Capital and Performance in MMOGs](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103118/55cc7a3cbb61eb2b3d8b4811/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
INSNA ‘1530
Acknowledgements
Help and comments from faculty and student participants of the Virtual World Observatory (www.vwobservatory.org) are instrumental to the work reported here.
![Page 31: Group Social Capital and Performance in MMOGs](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103118/55cc7a3cbb61eb2b3d8b4811/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
INSNA ‘1531
Thank you!
Questions? Comments?Suggestions?Grace A. Benefield
[email protected]@grbene
Cuihua [email protected] @cuihua