EE-5101-F INTRODUCTORY EDUCATION

RESEARCH

Group FHJH NURHAFIZAH IZZATI HJ MARALI (11M8067)

SYAZWINA BINTI HJ MAHMOD (11M8068)

MAS HANI BINTI MURAH (11M8144)

DIDINAWATI BINTI HJ ZUNAIDI (11M8131)

SAFIAH BINTI HJ YAKUP (11M8129)

research

OUTLINES:Title of articles Purpose of

study

Methodology Participants

Data AnalysisDefinition of Case Study Research

Type of Case Study

Research

How to conduct Case Study Research

Strength and Limitation

TITLES OF ARTICLES:

Case Study 1 Graphing Calculators and Assessment: A Case StudyAuthor: Jeyaletchumi

Case Study 2The Effectiveness of Peer Instruction and Structured Inquiry on Conceptual Understanding of Force and Motion: A Case Study in ThailandAuthors: Decha Suppapittayaporn, Narumon Emarat, and Kwan Arayathanitkul

Case Study 3Allison: A Case Study of Spatial Visualization in Mathematical Problem SolvingAuthor: Ho Siew Yin

Case Study 4Using contact with nature, creativity and rituals as a therapeutic medium with children learning difficulties: a case study Author: Ronen Berger

Case Study 5Individualized education program team Decision: A preliminary Study of Conversations, Negotiations and Power Authors: Andrea L. Rupper and Janet S. Gaffney

TITLES OF ARTICLES:

PURPOSE OF THE STUDIES

Case Study 1• To justify the graphing calculator use is not just limited to

calculation purposes only, but also enhances higher order thinking skills.

Case Study 2• To investigate the effectiveness of learning activities on a

conceptual change theoretical framework by embedding a peer instruction method with structured inquiry (PISI) on tenth grade students’ understanding of force and motion concepts.

Case Study 3• The roles spatial visualization play as a tool for mathematical

reasoning and its processes in problem solving.• Interpretation of the problem solving behavior of a fourth

grader, Allison, in her attempts to solve as a set of word problems which is of a non-figural but visually provoking nature.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDIES

Case study 4• To explore the impacts of nature therapy on children

with learning difficulties.

Case Study 5• To examine an Individualised Educational Program (IEP)

meeting in-depth to understand how the interactions among team members might influence the decision-making process.

METHODOLOGY

CS 1Pre-test items of

statistical introduction paper

and post-test of improvised same

items.

CS 2- Pre-test and post-test of using Force Motion Conceptual Evaluation (FMCE)

- Intervention using PISI

CS 3

Interviews

CS 4- Open-ended questionnaires- 3 hour interview

CS 5- Observation of the IEP’s meeting- Interviews- Audio-recording (Meeting & Interviews)- Field note

PARTICIPANTS

CS 1Students who enrolled in Introductory Statistics Course, USM, Penang

CS 2-Treatments group (45)- Control Group (54)- Ages between 14 – 15 years old

CS 3 - 3 subjects interview of aged 10 in 4th grade

CS 4

CS 5

- 5 boys and 2 girls between the of aged 8 – 10 years old.

- 5 year old boy- 11 members of IEP team

DATA ANALYSIS

• Analyzing the answers to the post-test items.

CS 1

• By looking into the mean scores of the pre-test and post-test• Using the normalized gain to see the effectiveness of the

intervention• The Repeated Measures ANOVA to see if the FMCE

performance of the two groups are significantly different

CS 2

• Analyzing from the interview of Allison.

CS 3

DATA ANALYSIS

• By analyzing the of interview and questionnaire material.

CS 4

• By analyzing the transcript and field note.

CS 5

SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES

Similarities Differences

METHOD Majority of the articles used interview.

There is the usage of one or more methodologies in one case study.

PARTICIPANTS

Majority of the articles’ participants is small in number.

One paper have a large number of participants

DATA ANALYSIS

Majority of the articles used non-computerise analysis.

One paper used computerise statistical analysis.

OUTLINES:Title of articles

Purpose of study Methodology

Participants Data AnalysisDefinition of Case Study Research

Type of Case Study Research

How to conduct Case Study Research

Strength and Limitation

CASE STUDY

DEFINITION:

• Yin (1984): Case study research is an empirical inquiry that investigates a contemporary phenomenon within real-life context.

• Gillham (2000): A case study is one which investigates on individual or a community.

CATEGORIES OF CASE STUDY

EXPLANATORY

DESCRIPTIVE

EXPLORATORY

EXPLORATORY

Exploratory case studies set to explore any phenomenon in the data which serve as a point of interest to the

researchers.

DESCRIPTIVE

Descriptive case studies is to describe the natural phenomena which occur within the data in question.

EXPLANATORY

Explanatory case studies examine the data closely both at a surface and deep level in order to explain the phenomena in

the data.

HOW TO CONDUCT CASE STUDY?

STRENGTHS OF CASE STUDY

They can help us understand complex inter-relationships

Case studies facilitate the exploration of the unexpected and unusual

Case Studies are grounded in “lived reality”

LIMITATIONS OF CASE STUDY

Very expensive, if attempted on a large scale

The complexity examined is difficult to represent simply

They do not lend themselves to numerical representation

They cannot answer a large number of relevant and appropriate research questions

REFERENCES• Berger, R. (2006). Using contact with nature. Creativity and rituals as a therapeutic

medium with children with learning difficulties: a case study. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties. Vol. 1, 2, 135-146.

• Decha Suppapittayaporn, Narumon Emarat, and Kwan Arayathanitkul (2010). The Effectiveness of Peer Instruction and Structured Inquiry on Conceptual Understanding of Force and Motion: A Case Study in Thailand. Research in Science and Technological Education. Vol.28 (1), 63-79.

• Gillham, B. (2000). Case Study Research Methods. London: Paston PrePress Ltd.

• Ho Siew Yin (2007). Allison: A Case Study of Spatial Visualization in Mathematical Problem Solving. EARCOME4, Universiti Sains Malaysia.

• Jeyaletchumi (2007). Graphing Calculators and Assessment : A Case Study. EARCOME4, Universiti Sains Malaysia.

• Palena Naela, Shyam Thapa. Preparing A case study: A Guide for Designing and conducting a case study for Evaluation Input. Retrieved on March 11, 2012 from http://www.pathfind.org/site/DocServer/m_e_tool_series_case_study.pdf

• Ruppar, A.L. & Gaffney, J.S. (2011). Individualized Education program Team Decisions: A Preliminary Study of Conversations, Negotiations, and Power. Research & Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities. Vol.36 (1-2), 11-22.

• Zaidah Zainal (2007). Case Study as A Research Method. Jurnal Kemanusian. Vol. 9, 1-5.

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