GROUP BEHAVIOURPresented By:Shahzad Musawwir Farid Vikram Thakur , Manish Kumar Uzair Ashraf , Anil Singh Malik Lovepreet , Pallavi Pratibha , Harpreet , Rajat

GROUP BEHAVIOUR

WHAT IS GROUP? A group is a collection of people with some common characteristics or purpose.•A group can consist of any number of people. •The group members share beliefs, principles, and standards about areas of common interest and they come together to work on common tasks for agreed purposes and outcomes. •People in groups are defined by themselves and by others as group members, in other words individuals are aware that they are part of a group.

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GROUP BEHAVIOUR

WHY PEOPLES JOIN GROUPS? The people often join groups since the groups give the members a stability and enhances their achievement capacity. The main reasons to join groups are:

Have a sense of securityHave a statusDevelop Self-esteemPowerGoal Achievement

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GROUP BEHAVIOUR

TYPES OF GROUPS?

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Types of Groups

Formal Informal

Command Group

Task Group Friendship

GroupInterest Group

GROUP BEHAVIOUR

FORMAL GROUPSCommand Group: Command groups are specified by the organizational chart and often consist of a supervisor and the subordinates that report to that supervisor. An example of a command group is an academic department chairman and the faculty members in that department.Task Group: Task groups consist of people who work together to achieve a common task. Members are brought together to accomplish a narrow range of goals within a specified time period. Task groups are also commonly referred to as task forces.Examples of assigned tasks are the development of a new product, the improvement of a production process, or the proposal of a motivational contest.

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GROUP BEHAVIOUR

INFORMAL GROUPSFriendship Group: Friendship groups are formed by members who enjoy similar social activities, political beliefs, religious values, or other common bonds. Members enjoy each other's company and often meet after work to participate in these activities.For example, a group of employees who form a friendship group may have an exercise group, a softball team, or a potluck lunch once a month.Interest Group: Interest groups usually continue over time and may last longer than general informal groups. Members of interest groups may not be part of the same organizational department but they are bound together by some other common interest.An example of an interest group would be students who come together to form a study group for a specific class.

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GROUP BEHAVIOUR

STAGES OF GROUP DEVELOPMENT

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GROUP BEHAVIOUR

GROUP BEHAVIOUR MODEL RolesNormsStatusSizeCohesiveness

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GROUP BEHAVIOUR

ROLES RoleoA set of expected behaviour patterns attributed to someone occupying a given

position in a social unit

Role IdentityoCertain attitudes and behaviours consistent with a role.

Role PerceptionoAn individual’s view of how he or she is supposed to act in a given situation-received

by external stimuli Role ExpectationsoHow others believe a person should act in a given situation

Role ConflictoA situation in which an individual is confronted by divergent role expectations

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GROUP BEHAVIOUR

NORMSGroups have established norms of behaviour. Most of these norms are unwritten and not formal ones, but they are cautiously followed by members in the group.Conformity to group norms and pressures applied on group members to conform these norms.Individualist workplace behaviour is another common organizational norm which gets violated often in organizations.

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GROUP BEHAVIOUR

THE HAWTHORNE STUDIESA series of studies undertaken by Elton Mayo at Western Electric Company’s Hawthorne Works in Chicago between 1924 and 1932.Research Conclusions:oGroup influences (norms) were significant in affecting individual behaviour.oGroup standards (norms) were highly effective in establishing individual worker output.oMoney was less a factor in determining worker output than were group standards, sentiments, and security.

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GROUP BEHAVIOUR

STATUSA socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others

Determined byThe power a person wields over othersA person’s ability to contribute to a group’s goalsAn individual’s personal characteristics

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GROUP BEHAVIOUR

IMPACT OF STATUSHigh-status members: Often have more freedom to deviate from norms Are better able to resist conformity pressures

Interaction among members of groups is influenced by status High status people are more confident Low status members may not participate Group creativity may suffer

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GROUP BEHAVIOUR

SIZEThe size of a group affects the group’s overall behaviourSmaller groups are faster at completing tasks – members perform betterLarge groups are consistently better at problem solvingLarge groups are good at gaining input.Smaller groups are better doing something with input

Prevent Social Loafing

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GROUP BEHAVIOUR

SOCIAL LOAFING

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Other Conclusions: Odd number groups do better

than even Groups of 5 to 7 perform better

overall than larger or smaller groups

Actual (D

ue to

Loafing)Expe

cted

Performance

Group Size

Social Loafing - tendency to expend less effort working in a group than as an individual

GROUP BEHAVIOUR

COHESIVENESSThe degree to which members are attracted to each other and motivated to stay in the groupAffects productivityStrongly cohesive groups may overlook performance failuresWeakly cohesive groups may look deep into individual differences

Ways to manage CohesionMake group smaller (Sometimes larger to break strong but undesirable cohesion)Encourage agreement with group goals Increase time members spend togetherStimulate competition with other groupsGive group rewards

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GROUP BEHAVIOUR

GROUP TASKSDecision-making

• Large groups facilitate the pooling of information about complex tasks.• Smaller groups are better suited to coordinating and facilitating the implementation of complex tasks.• Simple, routine standardized tasks reduce the requirement that group processes be effective in order for the group to perform well.

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GROUP BEHAVIOUR

GROUP DECISION MAKINGStrength Weakness

More complete information More time consuming (slower)

Higher quality of decisions (more accuracy)

Increased pressure to conform

Increased acceptance of solutions Domination by one or a few members

Increased diversity of views Ambiguous responsibility

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GROUP BEHAVIOUR

GROUP DECISION MAKING (CONT’D) Group ThinkPhenomenon in which the norm for consensus overrides the realistic appraisal of alternative course of action.

Group ShiftA change in decision risk between the group’s decision and the individual decision that member within the group would make; can be either toward conservatism or greater risk.

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GROUP BEHAVIOUR

SYMPTOMS OF THE GROUPTHINK PHENOMENONGroup members justify any resistance to the assumptions they have made.Members apply direct pressures on those who express doubts about shared views or who question the alternative favoured by the majority.Members who have doubts or differing points of view keep silent about misgivings.There appears to be an illusion of unanimity.

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GROUP BEHAVIOUR

GROUP DECISION-MAKING TECHNIQUESInteracting GroupsTypical groups, in which the members interact with each other face-to-face.

Nominal Group Technique A group decision-making method in which individual members meet face-to-face to pool their judgments in a systematic but independent fashion.

Electronic MeetingA meeting in which members interact on computers, allowing for anonymity of comments and aggregation of votes.

BrainstormingAn idea-generation process that specifically encourages any and all alternatives, while withholding any criticism of those alternatives

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GROUP BEHAVIOUR

CONCLUSION Although most humans are by nature social creatures, cooperative group work is not something that comes without effort. Such group activities require that a sense of trust be built between members, as well as a feeling of shared responsibility. This means a responsibility to carry your own weight in the group, as well as a responsibility to all of the other members of the group.

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“Group behaviour measures the

immeasurable”

GROUP BEHAVIOUR

THANK YOU

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