Gross Anatomy Urinary System
-
Upload
may-lacdao -
Category
Documents
-
view
129 -
download
3
description
Transcript of Gross Anatomy Urinary System
-
Figure 18.1Urinary Sysstem URINARY SYSTEM
- Excretory System - composed of organs that excrete water and waste products in the form of urine
ORGANS: 1. Kidneys 2. Ureter 3. Urinary Bladder 4. Urethra
-
URINARY SYSTEM
FUNCTIONS: 1. Excretion of unwanted
substances i.e. waste products from cell metabolism, excess salts and toxins
2. Maintenance of water balance 3. Regulation of acid-base balance 4. Production of hormones i.e.
renin
-
Kidney - paired, reddish brown, retroperitoneal bean-shaped organ in superior lumbar region - extends from vertebral levels T12 superiorly and L3 inferiorly
-
Structures related to the anterior surface of each kidney.
-
Structures related to the posterior surface of each kidney.
-
Kidney
Coverings:
1. Renal capsule
2. perirenal fat (perinephric fat)
3. renal fascia (gerotas fascia)
4. Pararenal (paranephric fat)
-
2 parts:
1. cortex - outer
2. medulla
inner
- contains tubes that
collect urine
- these form a number of
cone shaped structures
called renal pyramids
- in between the pyramids
are the renal columns of
Bertini
-
- The tips of the
pyramids are
surrounded by cup
like structures
collecting urine
called minor calyces
- 2 or 3 minor calyces
would unite to form
the major calyces
- The major calyces
unite to form the
Renal Pelvis
-
Nephron - Structural and functional unit of the kidney
- 1 million nephron each kidney
Consists of the ff:
A. Renal(Malphigian) Corpuscle
1. glomerulus
2. Bowmans capsule
B. Tubules
1. Proximal convoluted tubule
2. Loop of Henle(descending/ascending)
3. Distal convoluted tubule
4. Collecting tubules
-
Figure 18.4
-
Ureter
- 10 inches long muscular tube
- 3 anatomical constrictions:
1. at the uretero-pelvic junction
2. where iliac vessels cross the ureter
3. where it joins the urinary bladder
-
Urinary bladder
Hollow muscular organ
Wall consist of detrussor muscle
Inner- trigone occupied by
ureteral orifices
and urethral orifice
-
Apex and Base 3 surfaces: 1 Superior and 2 infero-lateral
Surfaces and base are triangular in outline, slightly convex and separated by blunt borders
The base and infero-lateral surfaces meet at the neck and is continous with the urethra
Parts of Urinary Bladder
-
Male Urethra
1. Male 20 cm - both sperm and
urine passes
a. prostatic
- widest, most dilatable
b. membranous
- traverses urogenital
diaphragm, shortest
and least dilatable
c. penile
- longest, traverses
corpus spongiosum
-
Female Urethra
- tubes extending from
bladder to the outside
- Female urethra
- About 4 cm long
- Urethral opening is
located in front of
vaginal opening in the
vestibule
-
THE END
-
Thank you!
Henedina Eva Casis-Barilea MD;DTM&H; FPSA Associate Professor 1