gross ana - 2

Bone Compact – osteon Cancellous/spongy bones – trabeculae Trabeculae – lamellae arranged in an irreg. lattice work Long Bones Diaphysis – tubular shaft Epiphysis – at each end Epiphyseal cartilage – in the middle Metaphysic – contains Epiphyseal cart. Periosteum – covers the outer part of shaft Endosteum – inner part Short bones Cuboidal in shape Mostly cancellous bone Flat bones Mostly found in the skull Ribs, sternum Irregular bone E.g., skull bones, vertebrae, pelvic bones Sesamoid Bone Found in certain tendons where they rub over bony surfaces Func – reduce friction on the tendon; increase mech. advantage Patella – largest sesamoid bone Fabella – post. Part of the knee Flexor pollicis brevis Flexor hallucis brevis Surface Marking of the Bones 1. Linear elevation Line Ridge Crest 2. Rounded elevation Tubercle – smooth Protuberence Tuberosiry – rough Malleolus Trochanter 3. Sharp elevation Spine / spinous process Styloid process 4. Expanded ends for articulation Head Condyle Epicondyle 5. Small flat area for articulation Facet 6. Depressions Notch – deep Groove / sulcus – straight Fossa – shallow 7. Openings Fissure – elongated Foramen – rounded Canal – tubular Meatus – tubular Cartilage Connective tissue in which the cells are embedded in a gel-like matrix Gel-like matrix – resp. for its firmness and resilience Perichondrium – covers cartilage 1. Hyaline Cartilage - E.g., articular cartilage 2. Fibrocartilage - Found in discs with joints

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Transcript of gross ana - 2

Bone Compact osteon Cancellous/spongy bones trabeculae Trabeculae lamellae arranged in an irreg. lattice work

Long Bones Diaphysis tubular shaft Epiphysis at each end Epiphyseal cartilage in the middle Metaphysic contains Epiphyseal cart. Periosteum covers the outer part of shaft Endosteum inner part

Short bones Cuboidal in shape Mostly cancellous bone

Flat bones Mostly found in the skull Ribs, sternum

Irregular bone E.g., skull bones, vertebrae, pelvic bones

Sesamoid Bone Found in certain tendons where they rub over bony surfaces Func reduce friction on the tendon; increase mech. advantage Patella largest sesamoid bone Fabella post. Part of the knee Flexor pollicis brevis Flexor hallucis brevis

Surface Marking of the Bones1. Linear elevationLineRidgeCrest2. Rounded elevationTubercle smoothProtuberenceTuberosiry roughMalleolusTrochanter3. Sharp elevationSpine / spinous processStyloid process4. Expanded ends for articulationHeadCondyleEpicondyle5. Small flat area for articulationFacet6. DepressionsNotch deepGroove / sulcus straightFossa shallow7. OpeningsFissure elongatedForamen roundedCanal tubularMeatus tubular

Cartilage Connective tissue in which the cells are embedded in a gel-like matrix Gel-like matrix resp. for its firmness and resilience Perichondrium covers cartilage

1. Hyaline Cartilage E.g., articular cartilage2. Fibrocartilage Found in discs with joints e.g., TMJ (Jaw), SC joint, patellofemoral joints3. Elastic cartlage Auricle of the ear, external auditory meatus, auditory tube(middle ear), epiglottis

Ectoderm Origin of skin and CNS Eye, inner ear, mucosa

Mesoderm Muscle and bone B.V., cartilages, joints Suprarenal cartilage

Entoderm Epithelial lining of GIT Glands, lining of Respi Tract Urogenital tract Reproductive organ Pharyngotymphanic organ