Grimes Mcfarland Marea-presentation Fall2012

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    ALGAE-DERIVED BIOFUELS:

    COMPARATIVE ALGAL YIELD OF

    AUTOTROPHIC, HETEROTROPHIC, ANDMIXOTROPHIC GROWTH CONDITIONS

    Andrea McFarland 2012 MAREA

    Kassandra Grimes Breinigsville, PARowanUniversity

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    Overview

    Background and Introduction

    Purpose and Measure of Experiment

    Experimental Setup

    Results and Discussion

    Conclusions

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    Background

    Fossil fuels becoming

    scarcer

    Attention directed to

    biofuel research Algal colonies are

    easy to grow and

    harvest

    Produce more lipids

    when stressed

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    Background Growth Conditions

    Autotrophic

    Algae gain energy from a light source using

    photosynthesis

    Heterotrophic Photosynthesis is inhibited and algae gain energy from

    dissolved organic matter

    Mixotrophic Algae gain energy using both photosynthesis and

    dissolved organic matter

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    Background Microalgal Species

    Chlorella vulgaris

    Circular shaped algae,

    2-5 m in size

    Widely studied algal

    species for biodiesel

    production

    Lipid content 14-22%dry cell weight (DCW)

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    Purpose of Experiment

    Explore the advantages of light-deprived algae

    Reduce energy consumption

    Reduce cost of algal cultivation

    Provide a more feasible method of algae production

    Compare autotrophic, heterotrophic, and

    mixotrophic growth analyses

    Determine optimal growth method for lipid yield andalgal growth

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    Measures of Experiment

    Algae Growth

    Monitored daily with a spectrophotometer using optical

    density at 625 nm wavelength

    Glucose ExtractionMonitored using a HACH Test N Tube Chemical Oxygen

    Demand

    Lipid Yield Taken at the conclusion of the experiment using the Bligh

    and Dyer Lipid Extraction Method

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    Experimental Setup

    1,000 mL beakers

    600:400mL Medium to Algae

    500 mg/L glucose concentration

    4.7 mg/L DCMU concentration (Dichlorophenyl dimethylurea)

    Modified Jar test setup

    90 rev/min

    18:6 hour light-dark cycle (Light) 400 ft-c (Light)

    Retrofitted cardboard boxes behind blackout curtain (Dark)

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    Experimental Setup

    Light

    Control

    1

    Light

    Control

    2

    Light

    DCMU

    1

    Light

    DCMU

    2

    Light

    Glucose

    1

    Light

    Glucose

    2

    Light

    DCMU

    Glucose

    1

    Light

    DCMU

    Glucose

    2

    Dark

    Control1

    Dark

    Control2

    DCMU

    1

    DCMU

    2

    Glucose

    1

    Glucose

    2

    DCMU

    Glucose1

    DCMU

    Glucose2

    Light Experiments

    Dark Experiments

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    Growth Curves for Each Condition

    0

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    0.8

    1

    1.2

    1.4

    1.6

    1.8

    2

    0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

    AlgaeC

    oncentration(Ab

    sorbance)

    Time (Days)

    Light Control

    Light, DCMU

    Light, Glucose

    Light, DCMU, Glucose

    Dark ControlDCMU

    Glucose

    DCMU, Glucose

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    Carbon Consumption in Different Growth Conditions

    0

    500

    1000

    1500

    2000

    2500

    3000

    3500

    4000

    0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

    COD(mg/L)

    Time (Days)

    Light Control

    Light, DCMU

    Light, Glucose

    Light, DCMU, Glucose

    Dark Control

    DCMU

    Glucose

    DCMU, Glucose

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    Lipid Analysis of Each Condition

    0

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    6

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    Light

    Control

    Light,

    DCMU

    Light,

    Glucose

    Light,

    DCMU,Glucose

    Dark

    Control

    Dark,

    DCMU

    Dark,

    Glucose

    Dark,

    DCMU,Glucose

    Lipids(%DCW

    )

    Light Control

    Light, DCMU

    Light, Glucose

    Light, DCMU, Glucose

    Autotrophic

    Neutral

    Mixotrophic

    Heterotrophic

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    Summary of Experimental Results

    Growth

    Condition

    Growth Rate

    (Day-1)

    R2

    (unitless)

    Carbon

    Consumption

    (%)

    Lipid Yield

    (% DCW)

    Lipid Normalized

    Production Weight

    (Days-1)

    Light Control 0.0578 0.955 - 1.4 0.081

    Light, DCMU 0.0468 0.829 99.2 2.8 0.131Light, Glucose 0.2124 0.897 90.8 4.2 0.893

    Light, DCMU,

    Glucose0.1473 0.925 86.0 6.7 0.987

    Dark Control -0.0070 1.000 - 2.4 0.017

    Dark, DCMU -0.0005 1.000 97.2 1.7 0.001

    Dark, Glucose 0.1216 0.885 81.7 4.7 0.572

    Dark, DCMU,

    Glucose0.0725 0.9092 85.9 5.3 0.384

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    Conclusions

    Heterotrophic conditions showed highest lipid yields

    and second-highest growth rates

    Mixotrophic condition showed the highest growth

    rate overall Results support idea of DCMU being used as

    additional source of carbon

    Heterotrophic growth conditions were shown toprovide an effective environment for lipid

    production and growth of C. vulgaris

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    ALGAE-DERIVED BIOFUELS:

    COMPARATIVE ALGAL YIELD OF

    AUTOTROPHIC, HETEROTROPHIC, AND

    MIXOTROPHIC GROWTH CONDITIONS

    2012 MAREA

    Breinigsville, PARowanUniversity

    Andrea McFarland

    [email protected]

    Kassandra Grimes

    [email protected]