GRID technologies for learning
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Transcript of GRID technologies for learning
GRID technologies for GRID technologies for learninglearning
Pierluigi RitrovatoPierluigi Ritrovato
Centro di Ricerca in Matematica Pura ed ApplicataCentro di Ricerca in Matematica Pura ed Applicata
OnLine Educa BerlinOnLine Educa BerlinDecember 3-5 2003December 3-5 2003
Future Technology for Learning Future Technology for Learning sessionsession
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Outline
What is the GRIDWhat is the GRID
The GRID historyThe GRID history
What is availableWhat is available
GRID vs WebGRID vs Web
Why grid for Learning Why grid for Learning
Some relevant projectsSome relevant projects
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What are The Grid “The grid is an emerging
infrastructure that will fundamentally change the way we think about - and use - computing.
The grid will connect multiple regional and national
computational grids to create a universal source of computing
power.”
The Grid: Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure, Foster and Kesselman, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1999
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Grid has emerged as an important new field, distinguished from conventional distributed
computing by its focus on large-scale resource sharing, innovative applications, and, in some cases,
high-performance orientation for problem solving in dynamic, multi-institutional virtual organizations
Source: Foster I., Kesselman C., Tuecke S. The Anatomy of the Grid: Enabling Scalable Virtual
OrganizationsJanuary 2001
The Current GRID Vision
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Outline
What are the GRIDWhat are the GRID
The GRID historyThe GRID history
What is availableWhat is available
GRID vs WebGRID vs Web
Why grid for Learning Why grid for Learning
Some relevant projectsSome relevant projects
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Where the Grid is coming from
Work over the last decade on several distinct topics
Metacomputing - combining distributed heterogeneous computing resources for solving a single problemData Archiving - building collections of data on specific topics with open metadata catalogues and well-documented data formatsCollaborative Working - network-based facilities for distributed, concurrent working on shared informationData visualization - large-scale immersive facilities for 3D visual interaction with data coupled to computational analysisInstrumentation control - remote control of experimental equipment and real time data gathering systems
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Who are using the Grid?
PhysicistsLarge Hadron Collider Data Grid
Engineersreal-time visualisation, rapid turn-round simulation evaluation
Astrophysicistssearching across many instrument-specific data archives to study a new class of object at all wavelengths
Environmentalistsclimate change, pollution
BiologistsGenome research, drugs design
. . .
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Outline
What are the GRIDWhat are the GRID
The GRID historyThe GRID history
What is availableWhat is available
GRID vs WebGRID vs Web
Why grid for Learning Why grid for Learning
Some relevant projectsSome relevant projects
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The current state
1st Generation" involved local "Metacomputers" with basic services such as distributed file systems and site-wide single sign on, upon which adventurous software developers created distributed applications with custom communications protocols.
2nd Generationbegan with projects such Condor, I-WAY (the origin of Globus), Legion (origin of Avaki) and UNICOR (from EU), 2G Grids offered basic building blocks, but deployment involved significant customization making interoperability problematic, and interoperability among 2G Grid systems is very difficult.
3rd GenerationThe GGF community is taking lessons learned from 1G and 2G Grids and from web services technologies and concepts to create 3G architectures like the Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) whereby a set of common interface specifications supports the interoperability of discrete, independently developed services.
Source: GridToday October 27/2003 Vol 2 n.43THE RISE OF THIRD-GENERATION GRIDS
By Charlie Catlett, Global Grid Forum Chairman
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OGSAthe Open Grid Services
ArchitectureService orientation to virtualize resourcesDefine fundamental Grid service behaviors
A unifying framework for interoperability & establishment of total system properties
Service description and discoveryService lifetime managementAuthentication, authorization, policyNotification
Integration with Web servicesLeverage on commercial base standards
Neutral wrt the hosting environment technologies and developing languages
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Grids and Industry: Early Examples
Butterfly.net: Grid for multi-player games
Entropia: Distributed computing
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Europe vs USA
Europe hones an edge in technologyContinent leads U.S. in linking PC 'grids'By John Markoff and Jennifer L. Schenker/NYT (The New York Time)Tuesday, November 11, 2003
“… Novartis used American software technology to harness the power of its office PC's, but European and American scientists and government officials said Europe was moving faster than the United States to capitalize on the approach, which is called grid computing. “
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EU funded projects in 5FP
IST Grid Projects
EGSOAVO
GRIACrossGrid
GridLab
GRIP
DataTAG
EuroGrid
DAMIEN
DataGrid
GEMSS
MammoGrid
BioGridSeLeNe
OpenMolGrid
COG
FlowGrid
GRACEMOSES
GRASP
1-10-2000 1-10-2001 1-10-2002
GRIDSTART cluster
Wave 2 Projects
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Outline
What are the GRIDWhat are the GRID
The GRID historyThe GRID history
What is availableWhat is available
GRID vs WebGRID vs Web
Why grid for Learning Why grid for Learning
Some relevant projectsSome relevant projects
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GRID vs WEB
DynamicGeneral resources sharingScientific target
Architecture orientedAiming at standardising the behaviour
Focused on interoperability, reliability and securityBased on web standards
StaticData sharingBusiness and masses targetInfrastructure oriented
Aiming at standardising the communication (protocols)
Focused on sharing and collecting information
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For More InformationGRIDSTART
www.gridstart.orgGlobal Grid Forum
www.ggf.orgGRID Today
www.gridtoday.com
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Outline
What are the GRIDWhat are the GRID
The GRID historyThe GRID history
What is availableWhat is available
GRID vs WebGRID vs Web
Why grid for LearningWhy grid for Learning
Some relevant projectsSome relevant projects
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Motivationlacks of existing (e)Learning practices and
environments
based on the information transfer paradigm with focus on the content and the “teacher”
find the best way for presenting content in order to transmit information to learners
Technology driven approachMissing specific didactical modelsall the students are considered the samefinds its perfect technical mirror in the “page oriented approach to the Web”e-Learning becomes an activity in which teachers produce, and students consume, multimedia books on the Web
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MotivationThe Learning Paradigm Shift
knowledge construction, rather than information transferfocus is on the learner and on the learning strategiesBased on new forms of learning:
Experiential and contextualised - the understanding of concepts through direct experience of their manifestation in realistic contexts
Learning as a social process – active collaboration with other students, teachers, tutors, experts or, in general, available human peersPersonalised learning - guarantee the learner will reach a cognitive excellence through different learning paths tailored on learner’s characteristics and preferences
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Some characteristics of future learning scenarios
Service Orientation Dynamism, dynamism, dynamism High demand of interoperabilityOpen ArchitectureSecurity and TrustMulti institutional account and billing protocols
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Why GRID technologiesAre demonstrating their effectiveness for implementing e-Science infrastructure for sharing data, applications and knowledge
Allow the virtualisation and sharing of several kind of resources facilitating the dynamic context generation
Facilitate the realisation of ubiquitous computing conceptFacilitate the realisation of emerging challenging learning scenarios through dynamic VO
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Outline
What are the GRIDWhat are the GRID
The GRID historyThe GRID history
What is availableWhat is available
GRID vs WebGRID vs Web
Why grid for Learning Why grid for Learning
Some relevant projectsSome relevant projects
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Intelligent Web Teacher is an extensible application framework for building learning solutionsIt has been designed for facilitating the paradigm shift
www.momanet.it/iwt
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GRASPGRID based Application Service Provision
www.eu-grasp.net
GRIDbasic
infrastructure for dynamic
distributed computing
OGSA
WebServicesinterfaces for remote procedure calls
ASPbusiness concept between
financially independent entities
Flexible but proprietary
ASP
Interoperable component based ASP
GRASPGRASP
www.lege-wg.org/Activity/Home
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ELeGIEuropean Learning GRID
Infrastructure
FP6 Integrated Project under negotiation
23 partners from 8 EU Countries
4 years
5 test-beds
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Ritrovato PierluigiRitrovato [email protected]@crmpa.unisa.it CRMPA – University of SalernoCRMPA – University of Salerno
+39 089 964289/2201+39 089 964289/2201
Useful LinksUseful Links
ELeGI – coming soon!IWT – www.momanet.it/iwtLeGE-WG - www.lege-wg.org/Activity/HomeGRASP – www.eu-grasp.orgGRIDSTART - www.gridstart.orgGlobal Grid Forum - www.ggf.orgGRID Today - www.gridtoday.com
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Some future learning scenariosField trip
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future learning environment architecture
Operating Systems
OGSA Infrastructure
OGSA generic services(orchestration, data mngt., logging, )
OGSA Domain Specific Services(user profiling, skill assessment, LO mngt, ontology mngt, …)
Learning GRID Applications(Virtual Campus, Virtual Scientific Experiments, personalized mobile learning, …)
Web services run time engine
Physical resources