Grid Specification

MM

RCM

TIM

MIC

CHART LEGEND

Source of Numerical Data

Magnetospheric Model

Ring-Current Model

Thermosphere-Ionosphere Model

M-I Coupler

“Variable A from MM on the MM grid and

variable A from RCM on the RCM grid

are interpolated onto the MIC grid” MIC

RCMMM

A

seconds

minutes

MIC

MM

RCM

MM

RCM RCM

MM

MM

RCM

MICMIC

1½-way LFM-RCM coupling

MM

Empirical Σ�

SWM

PrecipW|| , E0

j||

Φ

s

B

RCMs

ΦΣ�

||

jM-I Coupler

minutes

MM

RCM RCM

MM

MM

RCM

TIM MIC

MIC

TIM

MIC

1st iteration, 1-way TING coupling

MM

TIM

Empirical Σ�

SWM

PrecipW|| , E0

j||

Φ

s

m

B

RCMs

ΦΣ�

||

jM-I Coupler

iterate

minutes

MM

RCM RCM

MM

MM

RCM

TIM MIC

MIC

TIM

TIM MIC

MIC

Convergent, iterative, 1-way TING coupling

MM

TIM

Empirical Σ�

SWM

PrecipW|| , E0

j||

Φ,Σ�

nv

s

m

B

RCMs

×ΦΣ�

||n Bv j

M-I Coupler

MIC

MM

RCM

MM

RCM RCM

MM

MM

RCM

TIM MIC

MIC

TIM

TIM MIC

MICseconds

iterateminutes

minutes

1½-way LFM-RCM coupling w/ convergent, iterative, 2-way TING coupling

MM

TIM

Empirical Σ�

SWM

PrecipW|| , E0

j||

Φ,Σ�

nv

Φ

s

m

B

RCMs

TIM

×ΦΣ�

||n Bv j

M-I Coupler

e

e e

nn u S L

t

hˆˆ

||| r b |

eE e

Nu N

ehS

t

jL

/

2

electron number density

electron velocity

in E layer

height - averaged ionization sources, losses

E B B

,

e

e

E

n

u

u

S L

0

thickness of E layer1

, h

e eN n dz h

h

E-Region Electron Density

Height-Integrate

Opgenoorth et al. ‘02

M-I InteractionRegions

Lossy J•E > 0

Ell Beams + heat,

low-density cavity

High VA Large

displacement currents

Active ionization and depletion, mass out-

flow feedback

Scale-interactive (r,t)

Reflection Transmission Absorption