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8/13/2019 Greenwoods Newsletter 2014 English
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GREENWOODS
Feb 2014 Newsletter Vol. 2
ACTIVITIES REVIEWS:
Reg DayA new batch of freshmen
joined the university last August.
As usual, we set up a booth,
which carries a green theme to
recruit our new members. We
included our event highlights in
the form of photos and videos in
the booth. Also, we displayed theharvest from the rooftop farm at
Runme Shaw Building, which has
added vibrancy and color to our
stall. Besides, we also handmade
some bookmarks as souvenirs for
new members, who has shown
support to our society -
Greenwoods. The bookmarks
were made from recycled
newspaper and leaflets. We
painted plants and created some
unique patterns on the
bookmarks. We have to thank the
Lung Fu Shan Environmental
Education Centre for lending us
the venue and the required tools.
Special thanks also go to the ICA
for coordinating such a big eventso that all clubs and societies had
a chance to recruit and get to
know the new batch of freshmen!
Thank you again for all your
support!
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THE EXECUTIVE
COMMITTEE OF
GREENWOODS, HKUSU
2013-14
Chairperson
Ho Kin Sing, Kenny
Internal Vice-chairperson
Cheung Man Nga, Clio
External Vice-chairperson
Su Tsz Ki, Suki
Financial Secretary
Wong Leung Sit, Samuel
General SecretaryLeung Shue Kwan, Justin
Programme Secretary
Cheng Ho Sum, Arthur
Lai Hoi Yip, Samson
Publication and Publicity
Secretary
You Yi, Nikki
Chan Chun Man, Clement
Academic SecretaryLam Chun Shing, Bon
Chan Kwan Kit, Kenneth
Marketing Secretary
Wu Yu Ching, Carrie
Lin Yiwen, ErosGREEN
WOODS2013-1
4
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Orientation Camp of
Greenwoods, HKUSU:
Sai Kung Green
CanoeistsThe aim of such a design was to
inform our participants that environmentalprotection is not totally unrelated with us,
it is closely intertwined with our lives. As
long as we pay more attention to details
and take a step forward, such as avoiding
the use of over-packaging products and
straws, bringing our own water bottles
and utensils for take-away food and using
public transportation whenever possible.
These seemingly minimal changes will
end up creating a huge di"erence.
Judging from the feedback of the
participants, the tasks shed new light on
the concept of eco-friendliness and raised
their awareness in such A resect.
On October 6th, the much-
anticipated part of the orientation was
carried on canoeing in Sai Kung. For
most of our participants, this was both
interesting and challenging. On that sunny
day, we went to the beach of Sai Kung.
First we canoed along the coastline
towards the mangroves and gave our new
canoe learners some time to practice.
When we approached the mangrove area,
our executive members briefly introduced
the plants and their functions. After
leaving the mangroves, we canoed to an
island in the sea, then we made our way
back, with the whole activity lasted for
around three hours. Through this activity,
it was expected that students were able
to canoe in the wild, learn about the
ecological value of mangroves and
broaden their knowledge concerning
environmental protection.
Although some problems arose in our
orientation, the schedule could be runsmoothly with the cooperation of
Greenwoods executive members. What is
more gratifying is that participants could
learn how to live a greener live as well as
make some changes in daily lives. We
hope the our mission and philosophy of
Greenwoods could continue to be spread
out further, encouraging people inside and
outside HKU to make a contribution for a
better environment.
ChuPakFaiDereck:Althoughtherewasatyphoon
which
a!ected
the
arrangement
oftheo-camp,Ithinkthe
preparationworkwasbrilliant
whiletheactivitieswere
meaningfulandinteresting.
YuanShuaiSwacky:Theo-campheldbyGreenwoods
wasthefirstoneIparticipatein
HKU. EveryoneisveryniceandI
reallyenjoyit!
WORDS FROM
PARTI:
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Sabah Eco TourThe carbon footprint generated from traveling,
consuming and the use of disposable supplies is generally
believed to be not eco-friendly. However, we do not totally
agree. Traveling can take place in a way that may not be
as detrimental to the environment as people expect and
this is what the six-day eco-tour organized by
Greenwoods in July 2013 has successfully proved.
A series of activities were organized during the trip.
First of all, we had an interflow session with students who
study wood management in the Universiti of Sabah. Wevisited the aquarium and museum in their campus. More
remarkably, we had a chance to plant mangroves by
ourselves. It is a unique experience since we had to
immerse ourselves into the mud in order to insert the
mangrove seedlings deep into the mud ground. Via this
activity, we highly appreciate the enthusiasm and
willingness of the local students in Sabah in handling
tougher tasks that Hong Kong students may be reluctant
to do so. In Hong Kong, people live in a concrete jungle,
where apartments and skyscrapers are closely packed
together. We hardly have the chance to experience living in
the wild and with nature. We simply do not notice how
beauty and amazing nature is.
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH SNORKELING MOUNT
KINABALU
MANGROVE
PLANTING
LOCAL SCHOOL
VISIT
SABAH ECO TOUR
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THE ROOFTOP
FARMING
PROJECT AT HKUThe Rooftop Farming Project at
HKU is co-organised by theGeneral
Education UnitandSustainability
O!ce, supported byTime To
Grow,Greenwoods (HKUSU)andBijas
Vegetarian Restaurant, and sponsored
by theBOCHK Charitable Foundation.
The project started in July 2013 and
the
rooftop farm is located on the Runme
Shaw Building in the main campus.
TheGeneral Education
UnitandSustainability O!ce manage
the farm and give instructions to
students participating in the project.
Meanwhile, city farmers were invited to
teach students the techniques of urban
farming. As one of the green groups in
the university, we are glad to join the
project and handle
regular farming work
with other students.
The daily work includes
watering, removing
grasses, loosening the
soil as well as setting
up the farm and
harvesting before and
after the planting. It
would be a new
experience for students
to witness how
vegetable grows stage
by stage.
The project promotes the idea of a
sustainable life and thus the ultimate
goal of reducing wastes. The harvested
vegetable would be served in Bijas
Vegetarian Restaurant. The food waste
from restaurants in the Centennial
Campus will be transformed into
fertilizer after being processed by the
food waste disposal machine. The
fertilizer can then be used at the
rooftop farm as a more natural
alternative than chemical fertilizers.
Furthermore, vegetable should be
planted according to suitable seasons.
As a matter of fact, the green houses
used to plant vegetable in winter trap
much heat from sunlight and further
exacerbate the problem of global
warming. Thus the farm would also like
to raise greater concerns over such an
issue. Insummer, corns, bitter melons,
eggplants, RedAmaranth, Ghost
Pepper, Perilla and Cucumbers were
planted, with some herbs such as
Common Rue, Rosemary, Clary Sage
and Basil. In autumn and winter, we
planted Bak Choi, Spinach, Lesser
Tong Hao, Lettuce, Broccoli, tomato,
White Radish, and Carrots etc. We sawan abundant of reaps and our team
members felt gratified to harvest the
vegetables they planted themselves.
HKU Rooftop Farming webpage:
http://
rooftopfarmhku.wordpress.comm/
Birds crashing to glass
walls in centennial
campus
The newly built centennial campus has
been in operation since 2012. The new
and modern campus makes use of
large glass walls to introduce natural
light into the interior. Due to centennial
campus sustainable design and the
outstanding strategic plan to reduce
disruption to the ecosystem nearby, it
is awarded the highest performance
Platinum certification under LEED.
Despite its much-touted design, its
well-known glass walls are deadly to
birds. The centennial campus has a
number of of man-made gardens,
attracting birds to gather around the
area. However, unlike human beings,
transparent panels are invisible tobirds. They are also attracted by the
lighting at night, as the illumination
system of the centennial campus
remains in operation. Therefore, it is
not rare to see birds crashing into
curtain walls, which resulted in injuries
or even death. Greenwoods has
reported the issue to the Vice-
chancellor o!ce, Dr Steven J. Cannon,
Executive Vice-President
(Administration and Finance) who has
shown his deepest concern on theissue and will discuss the solutions
with the Estates O!ce.
http://rooftopfarmhku.wordpress.comm/http://rooftopfarmhku.wordpress.comm/http://rooftopfarmhku.wordpress.comm/http://rooftopfarmhku.wordpress.comm/http://rooftopfarmhku.wordpress.comm/http://rooftopfarmhku.wordpress.comm/ -
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Green Route Outing
Last year, the work of Eco-Trip around DoubleHaven won the Green Route Design Competition.
As promised, we have organized a one-day trip on
January 10th so that our participants can learn
more about the ecosystem of the suburb areas in
Hong Kong, as well as fully unwind themselves after
the examination.
To our delight, the level of participation was
keen and the number of participants reached the
limit within one week. The hiking trip commenced
from Wu KauTan() and we walked across
Upper and Lower Miu Tin() and Sam A
Tsuen () to the coastline of Double Haven (
). After passing Lai Chi Wo () and Kuk Po
(), we finally reached the destination---LukKeng
(). Along the trail, students could take a look at
the wide variety of ecological landscape, such as
the Fung Shui Woods, Derris, Wetlands, Mangrove
and etc. Our students spotted a sea of red mapleleaves during the trip. The scenery was eye-
catching, the weather was cool, yet comfortable
and the air soothed and refreshed our mind.
When we reached the Five-finger Camphor at
Lai Chi Wo Village, eco-tour guide told us that one
finger of the Camphor was cut during the Second
World War by the Japanese army for its high market
value. However, country has shown a high concern
for environmental protection throughout the years.
This made us to reflect on the issue of international
environmental protection. If everyone, when
traveling, holds the belief of it is not our own place
and thereby ruins the local ecosystem deliberately,
our environment will su"er a lot. Therefore,
cooperation among all global citizens is a key to
conserving the ecosystem. Gladly, we discovered
that there was very little rubbish on the trail we
passed through and we only collected one plastic
bottle throughout the trip! As responsible travelers,
we should be aware of their own behavior while
traveling so as to minimize our disruption to the
beautiful mother nature.
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Hall Recycling Campaign At the very beginning we thought the job of our
committee members was simple but it turned out to
be the opposite.
Originally we just planned to assist the halls to
arrange permanent bins for other recycling
materials. However, after our small-scale data
collection, it is discovered that some halls in our
campus do not even have a bin for basic recycling
(i.e. paper, plastics, & metals).
The recycling management is so poor thatnumerous useful resources are being dumped every
single semester.
You can imagine the amount of resources being
wasted every year, every semester, and every hall, I
hope the answer would break your heart... What is
even worse is that fact that there is no organisation
here in Hong Kong that collects quilts and pillows,
meaning that all of them are directly transported to
the landfills. Although those quilts (in the picture)
have just been sent to poor families in rural China
with the help from CEA (China Education
Association, HKUSU) & Prime Care HKU, this is
definitely not a long-term solution to curb the waste
problem.
The University of Hong Kong is well-known in the
academic field, however, when it comes to
conservation and waste reduction, there is still room
for improvement.
If you think these
are washed
clean quilts piled
up by a tidy
person,
Im sorry that
youd be wrong.
They are quilts
being abandonedby our students...
The hall recycling work was much
challenging than we imagined.
Situations were shocking.
Schedules were stumbled by
unexpected difficulties.
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Greenwoods commentary!"# %&'()* +, (%- '+../*%+0 *+ "#(.*" (01*"# 21#3#.+'%04 )+/0*-5 (%- 6/(.%*5 7*(01(-18 /7#1 %0 9+04 :+04 ;5::
The environmental protection department in Hong Kong
announced the replacement of Air Pollution Index (API) with Air
Quality Health Index (AQHI) in December 2013. The new index
concerns mainly the short-term health risk of air pollution
according to the department, but exactly what kind of pollutants
are involved and how these pollutants can a"ect peoples health
in Hong Kong?
According tothe Hong Kongs Environmental Protection
Department, air pollutants in Hong Kong mainly include sulphur
dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), respirable suspended
particulates (RSP or PM10), volatile organic compounds (VOC)
and carbon monoxide (CO). All these pollutants are harmful to us
and PM10 would be our main focus in this article.
RSP(PM10):
Respirable suspended particulates (RSP or PM10) are
particulate that can penetrate toalveoliand hence thecirculatory
system and with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10
micrometers, thus also named as PM10. They are tiny pieces ofsolid or liquid matter associated with the Earth's atmosphere.
Burning offossil fuelsin vehicles,power plantsand various
industrial processes generate significant amounts of
particulates. Sea spray consisting of mainly sodium chloride is
another important source of particulates.[16] Atmospheric
particulate matter can be of di"erent sizes but PM10 is more of a
concern because of its small size. The small size of the particle
helps it to penetrate the deepest part of the lungs such as the
bronchioles or alveoli while the larger particles are generally
filtered in thenoseandthroatvia cilia and mucus.
Since 1970s, the e"ect of anthropogenicparticulate air
pollution on health has been heavily studied. Many studies
suggested that exposure to fine particulate matter in the air was
associated with life shortening and some found significant
e"ects of particulate matter with a diameter of less than 10 %m
(PM10) on non-malignant respiratory deaths in men and women,
and on lung-cancer mortality in male, non-smoking individuals
[1] The e"ect on shortening life expectancy has been estimated
at 12 years for realistic exposure contrasts. [2]
Within the group of PM10, PM2.5 is a subgroup which with
diameter smaller than 25 %m that can penetrate into the gas-
exchange region of the lung and have a greater degree of lung
penetration than PM10.TheWorld Health Organization
(WHO)estimates that "... fine particulate air pollution (PM(2.5)),causes about 3% of mortality from cardiopulmonary disease,
about 5% of mortality from cancer of the trachea, bronchus, and
lung, and about 1% ofmortality from acute respiratory infections
in children under 5 yr, worldwide." [17]
The actual situation is that the concentration of RSP remains high. [17]
A beautiful figure from the government showing
the gradual decrease in amount of RSP in HK.
[18]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulatory_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulatory_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_nosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_nosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_nosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulatory_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulatory_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulatory_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulatory_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveoli -
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Mechanism of health problems:
A number of models are suggested on the mechanism of how
the fine particulates can cause health problems.
According to some epidemiological studies, inhaled
particulates can cause increase in respiratory and
cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The particulates can
cause proinflammatory e"ects involving lung epithelial cells
[8]and alveolar macrophages. [7] They directly uptake into
epithelial cells [8] and macrophages, and oxidant pathways areactivated with the downstream consequences of stimulating
cytokine and mediator release, resulting in extensive neutrophil
migration, but also T lymphocyte recruitment and activation. [9]
[10] Acute tissue damage will activate the epidermal-growth-
factor receptor (EGFR) pathway, and organ-repair responses
and results in epithelial mucus metaplasia, as does ongoing
cytokine and chemokine secretion that contributes to airway
inflammation. [9]
As for PM2.5, it can lead to high plaque deposits inarteries,
causing vascular inflammation andatherosclerosis a
hardening of the arteries that reduces elasticity, which can lead
to heart attacks and other cardiovascular problems.
Also, there is evidence that particles smaller than 100
nanometers can pass through cell membranes and migrate into
other organs, including the brain. Brain damage similar to that
in Alzheimers patient can be caused by this kind of particulate.
The standard
To conclude the risk of particulates on health, there is an
excess risk of death of 05% per 10 %g/m3PM10 [14] Taking
Hong Kong as an example, with mortality figure of 43672 in
2012 [14] and the annual average PM10 level of 50ug/m3, the
number of death attributable to day-to-day variations in PM10
would translate into at least 1092 deaths brought forward by airpollution per yearalmost 2.5 times the number of deaths due
to diabetes.
Though the RSP is posing a great risk to our health, the
guideline on regulating the concentration of of RSP in Hong
Kong is not up to international standard. According to the
WHO air quality guideline for PM10, the 24-hour and annual
concentration of the particulates should not be greater than 50
and 20 %g/m3 respectively. However, the Hong Kong standard
are only 100 and 50 %g/m3for the 24-hour and annual
concentration. The di"erences in Hong Kong and WHO
standard are even greater for PM2.5. The Hong Kong standard
is almost 3 times than that of the WHO one.
Due to this high tolerance of RSP concentration, the general
annual concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 are about 50 ug/m3
and 35 ug/m3 over the past 10 years. The figures fit perfectly
with Hong Kong standard but they are a few times higher than
the WHO standard. We do not know how does the government
come up with the Hong Kong air quality objectives, whether
the similarity between the measured concentration and the
Hong Kong standard is an coincidence or not. But Hong Kong,
which claims itself as Asias world city, should not have an air
quality control standard that lag so much behind the
international standard. The WHO standard was published in
back in 2005.
Another point that is worth mentioning is that according to the
government website, there is a gradual decrease in the total
amount of RSP production in Hong Kong. However, when
comparing with the documents obtained from the Legislative
Council, such a decreasing trend was not found in the annual
concentration of the RSP, which remains high for past few
years. So, is there anything wrong in the RSP measuring
program? Or there are more sources of pollution that we do not
know? The answers of these questions remain unclear but
what we know is that many new findings suggest that health
e"ects can be seen at even lower concentrations and air
pollution problem will remain one of the most crucial
environmental problems waiting for solution.
Comparing Hong Kong Air Quality Objectives (from the EnvironmentalProtection Department) and the WHO Air quality guidelines [16][17]
PollutantAveraging
time
Hong KongConcentrationlimit (g/m3)
WHO
Guideline
10-minute 500 500
24-hour 125* 20
Respirablesus ended
24-hour 100* 50
particulates(PM10) [ii] Annual 50* 20
Fine suspendedparticulates
24-hour 75* 25(PM2.5) [iii] Annual 35* 10
1-hour 200 200
Annual 40 40
Ozone 8-hour 160* 100
# the Hong Kongs AQOs was updated on 1 January 2014.* means the concentration limit is greater than the WHO guildlines.
http://www.sciencedirect.com.eproxy1.lib.hku.hk/science/article/pii/S0140673602112748?np=yhttp://www.sciencedirect.com.eproxy1.lib.hku.hk/science/article/pii/S0140673602112748?np=yhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atherosclerosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atherosclerosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arterieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arteries -
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References:
1. DE Abbey, N Nishino, WF McDonnell et al. Long-term inhalable particles and other air pollutants related to mortality in
nonsmokersAm J Respir Crit Care Med, 159 (1999), pp. 373382
2. B Brunekreef Air pollution and life expectancy: is there a relation? Occup Environ Med, 54 (1997), pp. 7817845H
Bayram, RJ Sapsford, MM Abdelaziz, OA Khair
3. E"ect of ozone and nitrogen dioxide on the release of proinflammatory mediators from bronchial epithelial cells of
nonatopic nonasthmatic subjects and atopic asthmatic patients in vitroJ Allergy Clin Immunol, 107 (2001), pp. 287294
4. A Blomberg, MT Krishna, V Bocchino et al. The inflammatory e"ects of 2 ppm NO2 on the airways of healthy
subjectsAm J Respir Crit Care Med, 156 (1997), pp. 418424
5. T Sandstrom, R Helleday, L Bjermer, N Stjernberg E"ects of repeated exposure to 4 ppm nitrogen dioxide onbronchoalveolar lymphocyte subsets and macrophages in healthy men
6. T Fujii, S Hayashi, JC Hogg, R Vincent, SF Van Eeden Particulate matter induces cytokine expression in human
bronchial epithelial cells Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 25 (2001), pp. 265271
7. M Lundborg, U Johard, L Lastbom, P Gerde, P Camner Human alveolar macrophage phagocytic function is impaired
by aggregates of ultrafine carbon particles Environ Res, 86 (2001), pp. 244253
8. RC Stearns, JD Paulauskis, JJ Godleski Endocytosis of ultrafine particles by A549 cells Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 24
(2001), pp. 108115
9. SS Salvi, C Nordenhall, A Blomberg et al. Acute exposure to diesel exhaust increases IL-8 and GRO-alpha production
in healthy human airways Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 161 (2000), pp. 550557
10. S Salvi, A Blomberg, B Rudell et al. Acute inflammatory responses in the airways and peripheral blood after short-term
exposure to diesel exhaust in healthy human volunteers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 159 (1999), pp. 702709
11. SM Puddicombe, DE Davie The role of MAP kinases in intracellular signal transduction in bronchial epitheliumClin Exp
Allergy, 30 (2000), pp. 711
12. J Firket Fog along the Meuse Valley Trans Faraday Soc, 32 (1936), pp. 11921197
13. Number of Deaths by Leading Causes of Death, 2001 - 2012. Centre for Health Protection. http://www.chp.gov.hk/tc/
data/4/10/27/380.html
14. Bert Brunekreef, Stephen T Holgate, Air pollution and health, The Lancet, Volume 360, Issue 9341, 19 October 2002,
Pages 1233-1242, ISSN 0140-6736, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11274-8. (http://
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673602112748)
15. LegislativeCouncil Panelon EnvironmentalA"air SubcommitteeonImprovingAirQualityResponsestotheFollow&
upActions(Items(3))ArisingfromtheDiscussionattheMeetingon27June2012 http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr11-12/
english/panels/ea/ea_iaq/papers/ea_iaq0627cb1-2367-1-e.pdf doc
16. The Air Pollution Control Ordinance (Cap. 311) sets out Air Quality Objectives (AQOs). http://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/
english/environmentinhk/air/air_quality_objectives/air_quality_objectives.html
17. WHO Air quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen, dioxide and sulfur dioxide. 2005. http://
whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2006/WHO_SDE_PHE_OEH_06.02_eng.pdf?ua=1
18. Hong KongAir Pollutant Emission Inventory. Environmental Protection Department. 2014. http://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/environmentinhk/air/data/emission_inve.html
Thank you for the support
this year!
Hope to see you guys soon!
To conclude...The 21st cabinet of Greenwoods,
HKUSU witnessed a fruitful school
year, denoted with the variety of
activities, outings and campaigns
we held. We have strived to
achieve the following goals: to
promote harmony between
mankind ourselves and our
environment, to urge our
university body to align its
operations and administration
with environmental objectives and
to heighten our students
awareness towards an eco-
friendly lifestyle. In the coming
academic year, a new group of
committee members will be
handed over the baton and more
importantly, they will continue to
uphold the spirit of Greenwoods,
HKUSU and make a positive
impact on all HKU students.
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