Greening the Road: Using Green Rating Systems to Evaluate Your Transportation Project ·...

Greening the Road: Using Green Rating Systems to Evaluate Your Transportation Project David Hein, P. Eng., Applied Research Associates

David Hein, P. Eng.

Applied Research Associates

Greening the Road:Using Green Rating Systems to Evaluate Your Transportation Project


Agenda

• How Do We Define “Green”?

• Sustainability —Objectives & Challenges

• Sustainability —Planning & Management

• Sustainable Solutions (e.g., porous asphalt, pervious pavement, etc.)

• How Do We Evaluate “Green”? (e.g., INVEST, Greenroads, etc.)

• Questions


Introduction

• Public agencies strive to be fiscally, socially, and environmentally responsible

• As a custodian of public investment, they strive to incorporate sustainability in their operations

Public agencies require a proactive “triple bottom line”

analysis that addresses economic, environmental, and social

sustainability.


How Do We Define “Green”?

Sustainable Development L E E DTM

Alternative Fuel Vehicles Recycling

Platinum Points Cost-Recovery Green RoofsGlobal Warming ISO 14001 U.S. E.O. 13423

Environmental Management System

Best Management Practices Economic Survival

Long-term planning Balance Guidance

Holistic Resource Management Life Cycle Cost Management

Environmental Stewardship


Sustainability Process

• Agencies cannot wait until construction begins to start discussing sustainable practices

• Planners, engineers, and construction experts are needed to promote sustainable construction practices

• Incorporate all facets of the roadway operations from service delivery to infrastructure renewal

• Agencies must ensure compliance with all federal, state, and local regulations


Why Be Sustainable?

• Take responsibility for the impact of roadway operations

• Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions

• Optimize the investment in renewable infrastructure

• Increase business value


Sustainability Objectives

• Water conservation for operations and construction activities

• Use of environmentally “friendly” products

• Recycling and source reduction efforts at all facilities and construction operations

• Reduce energy usage and increase use of green power


Sustainability Objectives

• Incorporate sustainable planning, design, and construction practices

• Reduce emissions from all operations including stationary and mobile sources

• Promote sustainability awareness

• Integrate sustainable practices into policies and business processes


The Problem.....

• Agencies regularly face decisions on how best to execute a transportation improvement project

o How do we make the project economically viable?

o How do we strike an acceptable balance between economic, environmental, and social concerns?

o Focusing on only one area (e.g., environmental sustainability) can result in a project that is not economically viable or minimizes benefits.

• The key is to develop a process that optimizes each element to maximum extent possible


How Can We Do This?

• Reducing Energy Requirements —warm-mix asphalt instead of conventional hot-mix asphalt

• Reducing the Need for Raw Materials —reuse of in-situ materials instead of new premium-select materials

• Using Green Building Technology — heating and air conditioning, green roofs, etc.

• Capturing and Reusing Water for Irrigation


How Can We Do This?

• Using Low-Energy Lighting

• Using Roundabouts for Traffic Flow Control (instead of

lighting)

• Minimizing Construction Waste —rubblize and overlay instead

of remove and replace; reuse of building waste

• Minimize the Impact of Construction —reduced size of staging

areas, noise, etc.


Setting the Path• Establish sustainability guidelines and practices for waste reduction,

fleet, building, and utility services such as water and wastewater, energy, and fuel use

• Reduce use of non-renewable resources

• Complete sustainability reviews

• Join sustainability forums such as the Urban Sustainability Forum, ITS America, World Road Association, ASCE, etc.

Roadway agencies are in need of a better understanding of the benefits of sustainable projects and a process for evaluating sustainability options and incorporating them into projects


Current Status

• There is a reasonably good understanding of what constitutes sustainable design and construction

• Benefits of noise mitigation, light emissions, indoor air quality, wildlife, and habitat conservation are difficult to quantify

• How far back in the process (or forward) do we go to judge the sustainability benefits of one product over another?

• NCHRP Report 708 – Sustainability Performance Measures for State Departments of Transportation

• NCHRP Report 480 – Guide to Best Practices for Achieving Context-Sensitive Solutions


What Resources Are Available?


Other Available Tools

• ASCE Institute for Sustainable Infrastructure (envisionTM) system

• LEED, (U.S. and Canadian Green Building Councils)

• Canadian Construction Association Guidelines

• Washington State’s Greenroads Guide

• New York State’s GreenLITES System

• Ontario Ministry of Transportation’s GreenPave

• Transportation Association of Canada’s Guide for Greener Roads

• FHWA Sustainable Highways Self-Evaluation Tool

• FHWA Green Procurement Guide

• Saga Sustainability Database

• Dutch Dubocalc Sustainability Evaluation System


Sustainability Planning Process

Phase 1Conduct

Sustainability Baseline

Assessment

Establish Sustainability

Goals & Objectives

Identify Candidate

Sustainability Initiatives

Evaluate Candidate Initiatives

Phase 2Develop

Sustainability Performance

Targets

Develop Implementation& Monitoring

Program

Prepare Sustainability Management

Plan

Annual Sustainability Report Card

Outline


• Formally designate a “sustainability champion”

• Schedule regular sustainability coordination meetings

• Revisit the Agency’s goals and performance

17

Sustainability Management Approach


Use or Develop Decision Models

Element Output

Project/Process Screening

Detailed Impact Analysis

Benefit/Cost Analysis

Environmental Value Index

Prioritization

Warrant for Further Consideration


Pervious, Porous & Permeable Pavements

Pavement systems designed to permit the infiltration of surface water


Permeable Pavements –A Green Solution

• In percolating soils, increases infiltration

• Reduces stormwater volume/peak flows

• Reduces stormwater pollutant load

• Decreases downstream erosion


Features of Permeable Pavements

BASE LAYER(S)

SUB-BASE LAYER

ASTM No. 8 Aggregate



JOINTPAVERS BEDDING

RA

IN W

AT

ER

IN

FIL

TR

AT

ION

SUBGRADE

80 mm (3 1/8 in)

20-30 mm (3/4 to 1 ¼ in)

100 mm (4 in)

min.

150 mm (6 in)

BASE LAYER(S)

SUB-BASE LAYER




JOINTPAVERS BEDDING

RA

IN W

AT

ER

IN

FIL

TR

AT

ION

SUBGRADE

80 mm (3 1/8 in)

20-30 mm (3/4 to 1 ¼ in)

100 mm (4 in)

min.

150 mm (6 in)


Porous Asphalt


Pervious Concrete


Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavers


Waste and Byproducts

• Use of Waste Productso Fly ash as supplementary cement

replacement

o Limestone cement

o Polymers or ground rubber in asphalt binders


Green Initiatives

• Waste Building Products

o Recycled crushed concrete

o Other building demolition materials such as wallboard


• Recycled Asphalt Mixes

o Reduced virgin aggregate use

o Decreased trucking costs

o Accelerated load test screening

Recycled Shingles

Load Test Screening

Green Initiatives


Warm-Mix Asphalt• WMA reduces production and placement temperatures

o Reducing Energy Usage

o Reducing Emissions

o Reducing Worker Exposure

• Placement

o Longer Hauls and Lower Temperatures

• Production

o Wax-Like Products

• Sasobit, Asphaltan B, Fatty Acid Amides

o Foaming Processes

• Aspha-min Zeolite, Low-Energy Asphalt, WAM Foam

o Emulsion Base

• Evotherm

o Other Additional Technologies


• Reduce Energy Usage

o Trucking

o Processing

o Production (Warm-Mix)

Temp = 245°F

Warm-Mix Asphalt


In-Place Recycling Techniques

• Hot In-Place Recyclingo 100 percent reuse of existing

pavement

o Substantial savings on truck and fuel costs


• FDR and CIREAMo Pulverization of existing

pavement

o In-situ stabilization

o Emulsion, foamed asphalt, cement, etc.

In-Place Recycling Techniques


Roundabouts

• Advantages

o Continuous traffic flow (savingfuel and greenhouse gases

o No moving parts (low maintenance)

o Little to no energy use


Long Life – Perpetual Pavements


Other Interesting Techniques


How Do We Evaluate Green?


envisionTM Sustainability Rating System

• Product of the ASCE Institute for Sustainable Infrastructure

• Web-based, currently in test stage

• Sponsored by:

• Performance-based (outcomes) rather than prescriptive

• Scalable for size and complexity of projects (4 Levels)

• Adaptable for specific needs and circumstances

• Provides for self-assessment as well as independent verification

• Suitable for all infrastructure (e.g., roads, water, electrical, etc.)


FHWA “INVEST” Self-Evaluation Tool


INVEST Highlights

• Currently in Pilot/Test Stage – Full Version Imminent

• Two-tiered Structure

• Basic Scorecard

o Small reconstruction and bridge replacement projects

o Preservation projects for extending asset life

o Restoration projects for restoring pavement condition and ride

• Extended Scorecard

o New construction

o Major reconstruction


INVEST Scoring Sheets


TAC Guide for Greener Roads


Greenroads


• Third-party rating system for roads projects

• Developed by the University of Washington and CH2mHill

• Awards-based rating system

• Captures aspects of sustainability for road design and construction

• Points are assigned based on their ‘impact’ on sustainability

• Designed to be simple to use

• Can be used for self evaluation or certification through independent third party

Greenroads


List of Credits• Project Requirements (mandatory)

o Environmental

o Life-cycle cost, etc.

• Environment and Water (21 points)o Runoff flow control

o Site vegetation, etc.

• Access and Equity (30 points)o Traffic emissions

o Scenic views, etc.

• Construction Activities (14 points)o Site recycling plan

o Paving emissions reduction, etc.


List of Credits (continued)

• Materials and Resource Management (23 points)

o Pavement reuse

o Regional materials, etc.

• Pavement Technologies (20 points)

o Long-life pavement

o Warm-Mix asphalt, etc.

• Custom Credits (up to 10 points)

o 2 custom-design categories available

Total Available Credits = 118


Credit Requirement Sheets


Achievement Levels for Greenroads


Worked Example – Ontario GreenPave


Alternatives• Alternative 1

o Pulverize existing pavement and place new base and asphalt layers

o High smoothness to ensure longer life

o 20% recycled content in binder asphalt, 50% recycled subbase

o Future use of microsurfacing to extend pavement life

o Permeable pavements for parking areas

• Alternative 2o Pulverize, recycle in place using expanded asphalt stabilization

o Reduction in asphalt layer thickness (due to stabilization of granular materials)

o 20% recycled asphalt, 100% recycled base, 50% recycled subbase

o Future use of microsurfacing to extend pavement life

o Permeable pavements for parking areas

o Quiet pavement

o All excess materials used onsite and proactive construction traffic planning

o Lower life-cycle cost


Yes / No

Is this Pavement Structure: Rigid Pavement No PT-1 Score = 0.0

Composite Pavement No

Perpetual Asphalt Pavement No

Deep Strength Asphalt Pavement* No

Yes / No

Are permeable pavements used in: Parking Areas or Yes PT-2 Score = 1.0

Roadside Drainage or No

Both No

Asphalt Yes / No

Surface Course is: SuperPave Yes PT-3 Score = 1.0

Stone Mastic Asphalt No

HMA w/ Rubber Mod AC No

Quiet Pavement No

Concrete Yes / No

w/ Longitudinal Tining No

w/ Diamond Grinding No

Surface Course is: Asphalt Yes / No Concrete Yes / No PT-4 Score = 1.0

Porous Asphalt Conventional

Quiet Pavement Yes White Cement

Other Yes / No

Permeable Pavers

Pervious Concrete

Pavement Technology (PT) - Max 9 PointsPT - 1: Long-Life Pavement (3 Points)

PT - 2: Permeable Pavement (1 Point)

PT - 3: Noise Mitigation (1-2 Points)

PT - 4: Cool Pavement (1-2 Points)


New Layer

Type/

Treatment

DescriptionsThickness

(mm)

% of RAP,

SCM, or RM

% of CR, RST,

or Recycled

Water

PointThickness x

Point

% Aggregates (by

mass) Transported

within 100 km

Aggregates (w. r. t.

thickness, mm)

Transported within

100 km

Assigned Point

from CA

Assigned Point

from QAO

Layer 1 Surface Superpave 40 0% 0% 0 0 1 1

Layer 2 Binder Superpave 100 20% 0% 1 100 100% 100 1 1

Layer 3 Base Virgin 150 0% 0 0 2 2

Layer 4 Subbase Recycled 300 50% 2 600 100% 300

Layer 5

Layer 6

Total Thickness = 590 Sum = 700 Sum = 400 MR-4 Score = 1.3

MR-1 Score = 1.2

MR-3 Score = 1.0

Does the rehabitiliation technique involve: Yes / No

Concrete Overlay

HMA Overlay, Chip seals

Slurry Seals, Microsurfacing

Does the rehabilitation maintain the existing pavement structure?

If yes, complete the fields below:

Existing Pavement Structure, texisting =

Existing Structure will be processed or removed, tprocessed = Minus Legend:

Exisiting Structure will be undisturbed or unprocessed, tundisturbed= CA = Contract Administrator

Additional Thickness will be placed on undisturbed structure, tplace = Plus CR = Crumb Rubber

New Pavement Structure, tnew = QAO = Quality Assurance Officer

RAP = Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement

Reuse Pavement, R = tundisturbed/tnew (%) = Recycled Water = Treated Wash Water or Slurry Water

RM = Recycled Material

MR-2 Score = RST = Roof Shingle Tab

SCM = Supplmentary Cement Material

Recycled Content Construction Quality

MR - 1 MR - 3 MR - 4

Materials & Resources (MR) - Max 11 Points

Thickness (mm)

590

40

550

68%

(1-5 Points) (1-2 Points)

48.2%

1.0

590

Local Materials

Total Aggregates

Transported within

100 km (%) =

Yes

MR - 2: Undisturbed Pavement Structure (1-2 Points)

1140

(1-2 Points)


New Layer

Type/

Treatment

DescriptionThickness

(mm)

% of RAP,

SCM, or RM

% of CR, RST,

or Recycled

Water

Thickness x Point PointThickness x

Point

Layer 1 Surface Superpave 40 0% 0% 80 2 80

Layer 2 Binder Superpave 100 20% 0% 100 1 100

Layer 3 Base Virgin 150 0% 150 1 150

Layer 4 Subbase Recycled 300 50% 600 2 600

Layer 5

Layer 6

Total Thickness 590 Sum = 930 Sum = 930

EA-1 Score = 1.6 EA-2 Score = 1.6

What type of the surface course?

Answer: Superpave

If Asphalt Surface, what is the IRI value? Diesel Retrofit (%) = 0

Answer: 1.2 Fuel Efficient Technology (%) = 0

EA-3 Score = EA-4 Score =

Energy & Atmosphere (EA) - Max 8 Points

1

2

EA - 4: Pollution Reduction (1 Point)

What is the percentage of Construction Equipment/Vehicles with Emission Reduction Exhaust

Retrofit or Fuel Efficient Technology?

EA - 1: Reduced Energy

Consumption (1-3 Points)

EA - 3: Pavement Smoothness (1 Point)

1

EA - 2: GHG Emission

Reduction (1-3 Points)

Point

2


Any Innovation in Design? Answer: No

If Yes, what they are?

Innovation 1: Innovation 2:

I-1 Score =

Any Exemplary Process? Answer: No


I-2 Score =

I - 1: Innovation in Design (1-2 Points)

I - 2: Exemplary Process (1-2 Points)

Innovation and Design Process (I) - Max 4 Points

Exemplary

Process 2:

Exemplary

Process 1:


New Layer

Type/

Treatment

DescriptionsThickness

(mm)

% of RAP,

SCM, or RM

% of CR, RST,

or Recycled

Water

PointThickness x

Point

% Aggregates (by

mass) Transported

within 100 km

Aggregates (w. r. t.

thickness, mm)

Transported within

100 km

Assigned Point

from CA

Assigned Point

from QAO

Layer 1 Surface Superpave 60 0 0 1 1

Layer 2 Binder 1 1

Layer 3 Base Expanded Asphalt Stabilized 150 100% 100% 4 600 100% 150 2 2

Layer 4 Subbase Recycled 300 50% 2 600 100% 300

Layer 5

Layer 6

Total Thickness = 510 Sum = 1200 Sum = 450 MR-4 Score = 1.3

MR-1 Score = 2.4

MR-3 Score = 2.0

Does the rehabitiliation technique involve: Yes / No

Concrete Overlay

HMA Overlay, Chip seals

Slurry Seals, Microsurfacing

Does the rehabilitation maintain the existing pavement structure?

If yes, complete the fields below:

Existing Pavement Structure, texisting =

Existing Structure will be processed or removed, tprocessed = Minus Legend:

Exisiting Structure will be undisturbed or unprocessed, tundisturbed= CA = Contract Administrator

Additional Thickness will be placed on undisturbed structure, tplace = Plus CR = Crumb Rubber

New Pavement Structure, tnew = QAO = Quality Assurance Officer

RAP = Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement

Reuse Pavement, R = tundisturbed/tnew (%) = Recycled Water = Treated Wash Water or Slurry Water

RM = Recycled Material

MR-2 Score = RST = Roof Shingle Tab

SCM = Supplmentary Cement Material

1.0

1060

510

Local Materials

(1-2 Points)

Total Aggregates

Transported within

100 km (%) =

MR - 4

Yes

MR - 2: Undisturbed Pavement Structure (1-2 Points)

88%

(1-5 Points)

51.9%

(1-2 Points)

Thickness (mm)

590

40

550

Recycled Content Construction Quality

MR - 1 MR - 3

Materials & Resources (MR) - Max 11 Points


New Layer

Type/

Treatment

DescriptionThickness

(mm)

% of RAP,

SCM, or RM

% of CR, RST,

or Recycled

Water

Thickness x Point PointThickness x

Point

Layer 1 Surface Superpave 60 120 2 120

Layer 2 Binder

Layer 3 Base Expanded Asphalt Stabilized 150 100% 100% 150 1 150

Layer 4 Subbase Recycled 300 50% 600 2 600

Layer 5

Layer 6

Total Thickness 510 Sum = 870 Sum = 870

EA-1 Score = 1.7 EA-2 Score = 1.7

What type of the surface course?

Answer: Superpave

If Asphalt Surface, what is the IRI value? Diesel Retrofit (%) =

Answer: 0.8 Fuel Efficient Technology (%) =

EA-3 Score = 1.0 EA-4 Score =

EA - 4: Pollution Reduction (1 Point)

2

What is the percentage of Construction Equipment/Vehicles with Emission Reduction Exhaust

Retrofit or Fuel Efficient Technology?

1

2

Point

EA - 3: Pavement Smoothness (1 Point)

EA - 2: GHG Emission

Reduction (1-3 Points)

EA - 1: Reduced Energy

Consumption (1-3 Points)

Energy & Atmosphere (EA) - Max 8 Points


Any Innovation in Design? Answer: Yes


Innovation 1: Innovation 2:

I-1 Score = 1.0

Any Exemplary Process? Answer: Yes


I-2 Score = 2.0

All excess mateirals are recycled and reused on-site.

Proactive construction traffic planning and construction timing to

ensure consistent free flow of traffic.

I - 1: Innovation in Design (1-2 Points)

I - 2: Exemplary Process (1-2 Points)

Innovation and Design Process (I) - Max 4 Points

Exemplary

Process 2:

Exemplary

Process 1:


Challenges and Lessons Learned

• Sustainable design, construction, and maintenance practices can save money and improve our environmental stewardship

• Many ways to travel the path• Engage senior management early

• Implement a sustainability awards program

• Track and report sustainable activities

• Publish an agency-wide sustainability report

• Design long-life pavements

• Optimize maintenance and rehabilitation

• Maximize the use of recycled products

• Use high-solar-reflectance pavements

• Integrate pavement design and construction with stormwater management

• Use fewer, but higher quality materials


David Hein, P. Eng.

Applied Research Associates

www.ara.com\transportation

[email protected]

416.621.9555 Ext. 1

Contact Information

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