Greenhouse Gas Reporting for Industrial Wastewater ... Wastewater Treatment Plants This presentation...
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Kira E. Darlow Environmental Analyst 1608 Spring Hill Rd, Suite 400 • Vienna, VA 22182 703-893-6600 ext. 209 • [email protected] sc&a, inc. Applying our technical expertise to a more sustainable world… Greenhouse Gas Reporting for Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plants This presentation is for informational purposes only and is not intended to be relied upon for determination of the requirements for any particular project or need. Appropriate professionals should be consulted for a particular project.
Transcript of Greenhouse Gas Reporting for Industrial Wastewater ... Wastewater Treatment Plants This presentation...
Kira E. Darlow Environmental Analyst 1608 Spring Hill Rd, Suite 400 • Vienna, VA 22182 703-893-6600 ext. 209 • [email protected]
sc&a, inc.
Applying our technical expertise to a more sustainable world…
Greenhouse Gas Reporting for Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plants
This presentation is for informational purposes only and is not intended to be relied upon for determination of the requirements for any particular project or need. Appropriate professionals should be consulted for a particular project.
sc&a Plan to Cover
Who needs to report wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) emissions to EPA by September 28, 2012? What information is needed to calculate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from a WWTP? What information gets reported to EPA?
Image courtesy of John Kasawa / FreeDigitalPhotos.net
Presenter
Presentation Notes
This is a very brief presentation. I’m not going to be able to cover specific requirements for sampling practices, lab analyses, or monitoring equipment. If you determine that you need to report emissions but haven’t already been gathering the required data, you will probably need to work with EPA to resolve the issue. At the end of the presentation, I will provide several links to documents referenced during the presentation or that provide additional information I didn’t have time to cover.
sc&a Who reports WWTP GHGs?
Subpart II applies only to four industries: • Pulp and Paper Manufacturing (Subpart AA) • Petroleum Refining (Subpart Y) • Food Processing: manufacture or process meat, poultry,
fruits or vegetables • Ethanol Production: produce ethanol from the
fermentation of sugar, starch, grain, or cellulosic biomass or synthetically from petrochemical feedstocks
Report methane (CH4) emissions from anaerobic process treating industrial wastewater and/or sludge:
• Anaerobic reactors • Anaerobic lagoons • Anaerobic digesters
sc&a Reporting Threshold for Subpart II
Petroleum refineries: • Any facility applicable to subpart Y.
Pulp and paper manufacturing: • Any facility applicable to subpart AA
Ethanol production and Food processing: • Total annual GHG emissions ≥25,000 MT CO2e from
industrial wastewater treatment (Subpart II), stationary fuel combustion (A), miscellaneous use of carbonates (U) and all categories in Table A-4:
- Ferroalloy production (K) - Fluorinated gas production (L) - Hydrogen production (P) - Iron & steel production (Q) - Lead production (R) - Magnesium production (T) - Glass production (N) - Electronics manufacturing (I) - Zinc production (GG) - Industrial waste landfills (TT) - Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems (W)
Presenter
Presentation Notes
If you fall into one of these four categories and reported emissions to EPA in March, you must now report emissions from any anaerobic WWT processes.
sc&a Whole System
Primary Wastewater Treatment
Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment
Raw Wastewater
Treated Wastewater
CH4 Generated
Solids
Anaerobic Sludge
Digestion
Biogas Destruction
Device
Solids
Solids to Disposal Biogas (CH4)
Recovery
Biogas (CH4) Recovery
CH4 Leakage
CH4 Leakage
CO2, CH4, H2O
Presenter
Presentation Notes
This represents a generic anaerobic WWT system. CH4 emissions calculations have four basic components: CH4 generated, CH4 recovered, CH4 leakage, and CH4 destruction. The orange arrows represent pathways for CH4 emissions, and the green arrows represent places where you need to have measurement data.
sc&a CH4 Generation without Recovery - 1
Calculation inputs for each process: • Weekly average chemical oxygen demand (COD) or 5-day
biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) concentrations • Volume of wastewater entering anaerobic treatment
process (Flow) • Default values for maximum CH4 production potential (B0)
and methane conversion factor (MCF) from Table II-1
Primary Wastewater Treatment
Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment
Raw Wastewater
Treated Wastewater
CH4 Generated
𝐶𝐶4𝐺𝑛 = � 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑤 × 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑤 𝐹𝑜 𝐵𝐶𝐶5,𝑤 × 𝐵0 × 𝑀𝐶𝐹 × 0.00152
𝑤=1
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Complete this calculation for all processes that do not include biogas recovery. EPA assumes this will not include sludge digesters. 0.001 is conversion factor from kg to metric tons. The regulation, and therefore the optional calculation spreadsheet splits this equation into two: one for COD input and one for BOD input. The difference is the B0 value, which the optional spreadsheet automatically fills in for each equation. Unfortunately, I don’t have time to walk you through the calculation spreadsheet today. If you’ve gathered the items in bold, you’ll be able to plug and chug in the spreadsheet.
sc&a CH4 Generation without Recovery - 2
40 CFR, Part 98, Subpart II, Table II-2 (adapted) Emission Factors Default Value B0 - for facilities monitoring COD 0.25 kg CH4/kg COD B0 - for facilities monitoring BOD5 0.60 kg CH4/kg BOD5 MCF - anaerobic reactor 0.8 MCF - anaerobic deep lagoon (depth >2m) 0.8 MCF - anaerobic shallow lagoon (depth <2m) 0.2
Presenter
Presentation Notes
This table is included in the EPA calculations spreadsheet for your reference.
sc&a Emissions Reporting - 1
For each anaerobic wastewater treatment plant process without CH4 recovery, report metric tons CH4 emitted according to Equation II-3 (spreadsheet tab II-3):
• For these processes, CH4 emitted = CH4 generated
𝐶𝐶4𝐸𝑛 = 𝐶𝐶4𝐺𝑛
Image courtesy of John Kasawa / FreeDigitalPhotos.net
sc&a CH4 Recovery
Primary Wastewater Treatment
Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment
Raw Wastewater
Treated Wastewater
Solids
Anaerobic Sludge
Digestion
Biogas Destruction
Device
Solids
Solids to Disposal Biogas (CH4)
Recovery
Biogas (CH4) Recovery
Presenter
Presentation Notes
The rest of the slides apply to all facilities that recover biogas from any of the anaerobic treatment processes, including sludge digesters.
sc&a CH4 Recovery – Equation
Term Definition
(V)m Cumulative volumetric biogas flow during the measurement period (acf)
(CCH4)m Average concentration of CH4 during the measurement period (vol %)
(KMC)m Moisture correction term for the measurement period, volumetric basis
(T)m Average temp at which flow is measured for the measurement period (oR). If the flow rate meter automatically corrects for temp to 520oR, use (T)m=520oR
(P)m Average pressure at which flow is measured for the measurement period (atm). If the flow rate meter automatically corrects for pressure to 1 atm, use (P)m=1 atm
0.0423 Density of CH4 lb/scf at 1 atm and 520°R or 60oF
0.454 1,000
Conversion factor (metric ton/lb)
𝑅𝑛 = � 𝑉 𝑚 × 𝐾𝑀𝑀 𝑚 ×𝐶𝑀𝐶4 𝑚100% × 0.0423 ×
520𝑜𝑅𝑇 𝑚
×𝑃 𝑚1𝑎𝑎𝑎 ×
0.4541,000
𝑀
𝑚=1
Presenter
Presentation Notes
The equation is cumulative volumetric flow of biogas in actual cubic feet times the average concentration of CH4 during the measurement period in volume % times any necessary correction factors that may need to be taken into account for temperature, pressure, and/or moisture of the biogas. Biogas flow should be measured continuously, and CH4 concentration may be measured continuously or weekly. acf=actual cubic feet; scf=standard cubic feet; moisture correction term further defined on next slide.
sc&a CH4 Recovery – Moisture Correction Term
Volumetric Biogas Flow [(V)m]
CH4 Concentration [(CCH4)m] (KMC)m=
Wet basis Wet basis 1
Dry basis Dry basis 1
Wet basis Dry basis [1-(fH2O)m]
Dry basis Wet basis 1/[1-(fH2O)m]
(KMC)m may equal 1 or some fraction related to the (fH2O)m variable, depending on whether biogas flow and CH4 concentration are measured wet or dry (fH2O)m = average moisture content of biogas during the measurement period, volumetric basis, (cubic feet water per cubic feet biogas)
sc&a Calculation Tab “II-4”
Presenter
Presentation Notes
This is the only shot of the optional calculation spreadsheet that I’m going to show you. The sum total of CH4 recovered for the year is in these yellow cells at the bottom of the spreadsheet. However, while EPA allows you to report weekly or daily information, this spreadsheet is set up to calculate the total CH4 recovered using daily measurements in a leap year. That means that if you are using fewer than 366 measurement periods, these yellow cells will continue to return an error value until you either change the scope of the summation formula or delete the extra rows. Use the instructions provided at the top of the page to unlock this worksheet. Then, after you’ve entered all of your data, come over to column K, and delete the contents of every cell that says “#DIV0!”.
sc&a CH4 Leakage
Primary Wastewater Treatment
Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment
Raw Wastewater
Treated Wastewater
Solids
Anaerobic Sludge
Digestion
Biogas Destruction
Device
Solids
Solids to Disposal Rn
Rn
CH4 Leakage
CH4 Leakage
Presenter
Presentation Notes
All recovery systems have some leakage.
sc&a CH4 Leakage – Equation
Rn = CH4 recovered CE = Collection Efficiency as defined by EPA in Table II-2
40 CFR, Part 98, Subpart II, Table II-2
Anaerobic Process Type Cover Type Methane CE
Covered anaerobic lagoon (biogas capture)
Bank to bank, impermeable 0.975
Modular, impermeable 0.7
Anaerobic sludge digester; anaerobic reactor Enclosed vessel 0.99
𝐶𝐶4𝐿𝑛 = 𝑅𝑛 ×1𝐶𝐸
− 1
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Leakage is calculated by multiplying the CH4 recovery rate by the collection loss factor. CE is the default collection efficiency as defined by EPA in Table II-2 recreated here, and also included in the EPA calculation spreadsheet.
sc&a CH4 Destruction & Emissions
Primary Wastewater Treatment
Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment
Raw Wastewater
Treated Wastewater
Solids
Anaerobic Sludge
Digestion
Biogas Destruction
Device
Solids
Solids to Disposal Rn
Rn
CH4Ln
CH4Ln
CO2, CH4, H2O
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Looking at total CH4 emitted from recovery process. The destruction device destroys or oxidizes the CH4 contained in the biogas, producing carbon dioxide and water, but these devices do not operate with 100% efficiency. Total emissions for each process are the CH4 leakage plus the quantity remaining after operation of the destruction device.
sc&a CH4 Destruction & Emissions – Equation
Previously calculated inputs for CH4Ln (leakage) and Rn (CH4 recovered). DE1 and DE2 = destruction efficiencies for primary and secondary destruction devices (lesser of 0.99 and manufacturers specified DE; use DE=1 if either “device” is to send biogas off site). fDest_1 and fDest_2 = fraction of hours device was running (device operating hours/8760 hours per year).
𝐶𝐶4𝐸𝑛 = 𝐶𝐶4𝐿𝑛 + 𝑅𝑛 1 − 𝐶𝐸1 × 𝑓𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷_1 + 𝑅𝑛 1 − 𝐶𝐸2 × 𝑓𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷_2
Presenter
Presentation Notes
DE is the destruction efficiency, which is the lesser of the manufacturer’s specified destruction efficiency and 0.99. If the gas is transported offsite for destruction, the DE equals 1.
sc&a Emissions Reporting - 2
For each anaerobic wastewater treatment plant process with CH4 recovery, report metric tons CH4 emitted according to Equation II-6 (spreadsheet tab II-6):
• For these processes, CH4 emitted = (CH4 leaked) + (CH4 not destroyed)
𝐶𝐶4𝐸𝑛 = 𝐶𝐶4𝐿𝑛 + 𝑅𝑛 1 − 𝐶𝐸1 × 𝑓𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷_1 + 𝑅𝑛 1 − 𝐶𝐸2 × 𝑓𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷_2
sc&a Total Site WWTP Emissions
Primary Wastewater Treatment
Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment
Raw Wastewater
Treated Wastewater
CH4 Generated
Solids
Anaerobic Sludge
Digestion
Biogas Destruction
Device
Solids
Solids to Disposal Biogas (CH4)
Recovery
Biogas (CH4) Recovery
CH4 Leakage
CH4 Leakage
CO2, CH4, H2O
Presenter
Presentation Notes
The e-GGRT data entry form does not ask you to input the total site emissions from industrial WWTP, but the calculation spreadsheet has a tab that allows you to easily sum all of the total emissions from each process to determine total CH4 emitted at your site.
sc&a Total Site WWTP Emissions – Equation
Total site methane WWTP emissions = sum of all individual process methane WWTP emissions Includes all outputs from:
• Equation II-3 (CH4 Generation) • Equation II-6 (CH4 Emitted from Recovery Process)
𝐶𝐶4𝐸𝑇 = �𝐶𝐶4𝐸𝑛
𝑗
𝑛=1
Image courtesy of John Kasawa / FreeDigitalPhotos.net
sc&a Required Supporting File(s)
Diagram or description of each anaerobic wastewater treatment process
• Identify the processes. Anaerobic processes must be identified as:
◦ Anaerobic reactor. ◦ Anaerobic deep lagoon (depth more than 2 meters). ◦ Anaerobic shallow lagoon (depth less than 2 meters). ◦ Anaerobic sludge digester.
• Provide a unique identifier for each anaerobic process. • Indicate how the processes are related to each other. • Include average depth in meters of each anaerobic lagoon. • Note whether biogas generated by each anaerobic process
is recovered.
sc&a Using Substitute Data
For each missing value of COD or BOD5 or wastewater flow, use the arithmetic average of the quality-assured values of those parameters for the weeks immediately preceding and immediately following the missing data. For each missing value of CH4content or biogas flow rates, use the arithmetic average of the quality-assured values of that parameter immediately preceding and immediately following the missing data. For any parameter, if no quality-assured data are available prior to the missing data, the substitute data value must be the first quality-assured value obtained after the missing data period. If the “after” value is not obtained by the end of the reporting year, use the last quality-assured value obtained “before” the missing data period.
Presenter
Presentation Notes
This is taken directly out of the regulation, § 98.355. If you start going through you data and identify that some of the measurement records are missing, EPA does allow for use of substitute data according to these guidelines. You must document and keep records of the procedures you use for all such estimates.
sc&a References and Links
Optional Calculation Spreadsheets: http://www.ccdsupport.com/confluence/display/help/Optional+Calculation+Spreadsheet+Instructions e-GGRT Subpart II Reporting Instructions: http://www.ccdsupport.com/confluence/display/help/Subpart+II+-+Industrial+Wastewater+Treatment e-GGRT Subpart II Reporting Form: http://www.ccdsupport.com/confluence/display/help/Reporting+Form+Instructions Training Presentations for e-GGRT: http://www.epa.gov/ghgreporting/reporters/training/index.html Subpart II Technical Support Document: http://www.epa.gov/ghgreporting/documents/pdf/2010/Subpart-II_TSD.pdf 40 CFR, Part 98: http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr;sid=00029dacc88b66fb92eb9eb4b91163fa;rgn=div5;view=text;node=40%3A22.0.1.1.3;idno=40;cc=ecfr
Presenter
Presentation Notes
1: equation spreadsheet for all subparts are downloaded from here 2: EPA’s instructions for completing the Subpart II reporting form 3: Download the reporting form here. 4: EPA’s training presentations for reporting all the subparts to e-GGRT. Subpart II and TT (landfills) are presented together 5: TSD for Subpart II – includes EPA’s estimates for how many facilities will have to report and the cost of reporting 6: Text of mandatory GHG reporting rule
