Green Values in Europe

Green Values in Europe

Ello Benchmarking

Forssa, 15.08.2010

Francesca Skolc

CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1

2 ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN FINLAND .............................................. 2

3 GREEN CITIES IN EUROPE ..................................................................................... 3

4 GREEN CITY BUILDING ......................................................................................... 4

5 ENVIRONMENT PARK, TURIN .............................................................................. 5

6 SUSTAINABLE WAREHOUSES .............................................................................. 7

6.1 Nike´s (Logistics) Sustainable Warehouse ................................................................ 7 6.1.1 Lighting at Nike Logistics warehouse ............................................................. 7

6.1.2 Wind Park ........................................................................................................ 8 6.1.3 Siting the building ............................................................................................ 8

6.1.4 Ground and night cooling ................................................................................ 8 6.1.5 Insulation .......................................................................................................... 9

6.1.6 Flexibility ......................................................................................................... 9 6.2 Blue Planet Distribution Centre in Chatterley Valley, England ................................ 9

6.2.1 The idea behind the project .............................................................................. 9

7 GREEN VALUES IN A WAREHOUSE .................................................................. 11

7.1 Factors of how to green your storage ...................................................................... 11 7.2 Automated warehouse ............................................................................................. 12

8 EUROPE´S BEST ECO AIRPORT .......................................................................... 13

9 WASTE MANAGEMENT WITH ENVAC VACUUM SYSTEMS ........................ 16

9.1 Envac systems ......................................................................................................... 16

9.1 Environmentally sustainable waste management .................................................... 17 9.1.1 Cleaner and safer ............................................................................................ 17

9.1.2 Sorting at source ............................................................................................ 18 9.2 Waste handling in flight catering kitchens .............................................................. 18

9.2.1 Advantages of the Envac Kitchen Waste System .......................................... 19 9.3 Safe waste handling at airports ................................................................................ 19

9.3.1 How it works .................................................................................................. 19

10 FINAL WORDS ........................................................................................................ 20

REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 21


1

1 INTRODUCTION

There is currently a worldwide concern about the health of the environment; ranging from everyday

worries like noise, air, and water pollution to questions surrounding the ozone layer. Recent years have

seen a steady increase in transportation of all kinds. Transportation as we know it—whether it involves

persons or goods—contributes immensely to local air pollution, solid waste, and segmentation of

landscapes. Various solutions are needed if C02 emissions level must be sliced.

Logistics services industry needs to develop more environmentally friendly solutions. This—in turn—is

expected to increase environmental awareness among consumers.

Ello is a European Regional Development Fund financed project, which aims to develop the Southern

Finnish transport corridor for competitiveness. The competitiveness of the transport corridor in Southern

Finland is essential to developing models with emphasis on green values and environmental-

friendliness. Transport corridor that serves enterprises and logistics centres in the future will be able to

offer competitive transport routes, ecological services, end customer awareness capable of influencing

customers‘ purchasing decisions, and lastly- companies will have a growing need to ensure the offer of

supply chain efficiency alongside a ―green‖ image.

Ello project has a subproject called EcoHub. Subproject in this research and development attends to the

question: In what ways can ecology be applied to enhance a logistics company‟s competitive edge

within Southern Finland?

The Ello (EcoHub) project team was assigned to gather (comparable) information on performance

metrics using benchmarking.

In Ello (EcoHub) benchmarking case, benchmark activities were in the area of international logistics

concepts. The project was based on:

- Specific process, such as new technologies, maintenance, training and IT support

- Specific group, such as an airport, housing districts

- Functions, such as the purchasing department, warehouse

To boost the reader‘s ability to digest this report, its content is arranged by using ―headings‖. Firstly,

Ello (EcoHub) investigated the logistics area of environmental concerns, using mainly geothermal, wind

and solar energy. As many European countries already are adapting to climate change, Ello (EcoHub)

decided to get a few information on climate change in Finland in order to use such information in supply

chain and logistics‘ environmentally—friendly future performance.

It was also very important for Ello (EcoHub) to find out how ecological other European countries are,

how much renewable energy is used in practice, and what kind of projects they are running on green

logistics.


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The key issue is to prepare for extreme weather events, especially floods, storms and heavy rainfall. Tra-

ditionally, flood protection has mainly been carried out for the sake of agriculture, but the built environ-

ment is now more frequently at risk of flooding.

Climate change will have a large effect on the hydrology and water resources of Finland

In principle, flood risk avoidance is quite simple: buildings must be placed high enough in relation to the

shoreline so that water does not pose a threat to them. On the other hand, shoreline construction is

tempting because lake and river views are valued, and this may cause conflicts. New buildings and other

urban development, in particular, should be redirected to safer areas through land use planning and

building regulations. These include compliance with the recommended lowest base floor of new houses.

2 ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN FINLAND

Climate change can no longer be fully prevented. Energy production in the world still relies mainly on

burning fossil fuels, causing CO2 emissions being the biggest contributor to climate change.

At first, climate change may appear advantageous to Europe‘s northern most richest: the demand for

heating energy will decline and crop yields and forest growth may boost. It is estimated that the

temperature in Finland will rise faster than the global average. Finland‘s annual mean temperature is

expected to rise by 2– 6 °C by the end of the century. Temperatures will rise more in winter compared to

the summer, and more in the northern than in the southern regions.

Annual rainfall will rise by some 10% and, in this respect too, the change will be more pronounced in

winter. With regard to rainfall, the occurrence of both extremes, long dry spells and heavy rains, will

increase. However, in terms of winds and storms the changes will be less dramatic. If emissions are

high, winter temperatures may rise by up to 6–9 °C from the present day; this all is expected by year

2100.

In Finland‘s inland waters, floods and their timing and the volume of water resources will change. By

the end of the century, the mean temperature in Lapland will rise to the level currently measured in

southern Finland.

The present high share of renewable energy in Finland (27.4% in 2008) is mainly due to the wood based

energy production in the context of pulp and paper industry. In order to increase the share of renewable

energy to 38% by 2020 (the Finnish target within the EU burden sharing) wood plays the most

important role in Finland. Improvements of energy technologies and use of renewable energy sources

are the most important actions in order to reduce GHGs (Greenhouse Gas) in energy production.

Improvements of energy technologies and use of renewable energy sources are the most important actions in

order to reduce GHGs (Greenhouse Gas) in energy production. This is why adaptation to the expected

consequences of the permanent climate change has become a crucial element of climate policy, alongside climate change improvement.

Germany and other European countries have motivated construction plans for more off-shore wind

farms and therefore the international coordination of the national grids is of strategic importance. The

new grid, spread across half the continent and under the sea, will connect the European off shore wind

farms and solar thermal power plants and manage the oscillations of electricity supply from renewable

sources which is highly dependent on weather conditions. Also linked to the grid, that is capable of

storing electricity generated during peak periods, will be hydroelectric power stations, mostly in the

Scandinavian countries.


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More of Green cities in Europe:

Reykjavik, Iceland - has been

putting hydrogen buses on its

streets, and like the rest of the

country, its heat and electricity

come entirely from renewable

geothermal and hydropower

sources and it's determined to

become fossil-fuel-free by 2050.

Malmö, Sweden is an "ekostaden"

(eco-city), several neighbourhoods

have already been transformed

using innovative design and are

planning to become more socially,

environmentally, and economically

approachable.

Copenhagen, Denmark has a big

offshore wind farm.

London, England will switch 25

percent of its power to more-

efficient sources. The city has also

set stiff taxes on personal

transportation to limit overcrowd-

ing in the central city, hitting

SUVs heavily and letting electric

vehicles and hybrids off scot-free.

Barcelona, Spain is promoting

solar energy and modern parking

strategies.

Sweden, Gothenburg - leads the

way in renewable fuels in

transport. The 13 municipalities in

and around the city joined forces

with private companies such as

Volvo and Hertz, plus farmers and

government agencies, to create

Biogas West – a consortium to

invest in and promote biogas. It

produced biogas at the region‘s

existing dirt and waste treatment

plants.

3 GREEN CITIES IN EUROPE

The European Green Capital Award (EGCA) is the result of an initiative

taken by 15 European cities and the Association of Estonian cities in May

2006 in Tallinn. The proposal was turned into a joint Memorandum sub-

mitted to the European Commission in which they proposed the estab-

lishment of an award rewarding cities that are leading the way in envi-

ronmentally friendly urban living.

Stockholm – European Green Capital 2010

Stockholm proved best in clear and effective measures towards reducing

noise pollution and protection plan setting new standards for cleaner water

with reduction of fossil fuels.

Green facts:

-1 000 parks

-Seven nature reserves within city boundaries

(and more than 200 in the surrounding area), 1

cultural reserve and1 city national park

-95 kg of recycled refuse annually per citizen

-12 000 trees in the city centre

-24 official beaches

-World‘s largest district cooling network,

-Set to become fossil-fuel free by 2050

- -The city hosts 2 700 clean-tech companies

-Transport emissions are relatively low, all trains and inner city buses run

on renewable fuels.

Hamburg – European Green Capital 2011

Excellent public transport; the city has achieved high environmental stan-

dards and good perform-

ance levels in terms of

cycling and public trans-

port indicators. Almost all

citizens have access to

optimal public transport

within 300 meters of their

given location.

There is also a systematic structure for green areas

which allow citizens easy accessibility.

The City of Hamburg plans to launch a ―train of ideas‖

whereby interested cities within the European Green Capital

Award network ‗own‘ a wagon and promote their respective green ideas, achievements and future plans.

The train will then travel around Europe spreading experience and best practice in an innovative way.

New Eco City plan for Hamburg, Germany

“100% of household waste is

converted into heating and elec-

tricity”


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4 GREEN CITY BUILDING

Green City Building carries out progressing work, preparation and

capability to build and prepare inner-city management systems that

will guarantee more sustainable urban building process. About 40%

of final energy consumption in Europe is present in buildings.

The municipality of Radstadt near Salzburg in Austria wanted to

raise the living standard of a newly developed urban area by

introducing a new traffic idea and renewal of the common green

areas. The SIR (Salzburger Institut für Raumordnung und Wohnen)

developed a total concept for the area, which included this

sustainable housing demonstration project.

Several innovative technologies are implemented in the buildings.

The domestic hot water is solar heated, rainwater is collected and

reused and the air ventilation works with heat recovery.

To achieve low-energy building standards, the walls to the north,

west and east are of brick cavity construction with 160mm

insulation. At the south is lightweight timber construction. The

design U-values of 0.2 W/m2K for walls and 0.7 W/m

2K for

windows respectively indicate the high thermal standards applied.

The project is served by 108 m2 of solar collectors for hot water,

while a woodchip fuelled district heating system and a heat recovery

ventilation system combined ensure the low energy consumption.

The total energy consumption for heating and DHW (Domestic Hot

Water) for an average multi-family house is 76kWh/m2a;

14kWh/m2a provided by solar energy and 62kWh/m

2a by biomass.

The completion of the 36 solar low-energy dwellings provides the

residential area with a new identity, which can contribute to an

improved quality of life for the local inhabitants. The attraction is

environmentally sound dwellings based on ecological materials and

minimized energy consumption for the buildings' total life cycle.

The Austrian Radstadt project is based on economic and ecological

life cycle analysis, which has resulted in an optimal combination of

construction, materials, and heating system. This combination

enables housing with low environmental impact and promotes the

use of renewable resources without compromising the comfort of

living or rentals. The energy decrease system is based on

minimizing transmission losses and the implementing of a central

heating system supplemented by solar energy. Transmission losses

were reduced through comprehensive insulation of walls, roofs, and

windows, as well as energy optimized design of the building.

In a quiet location on the outskirts of Salzburg Radstadt a total of 26

residential houses were built. Of these, ten apartments have been

fully accessible, so that "assisted living" is possible. These units

Green city project planning principles:

Sustainable urban planning

Sustainable and healthy

building design

Energy and environmental

assessment

Optimized energy and water

supply systems

Building integrated solar

energy design

Radstadt district house just under

construction

Apartment building is ready for moving

in

Cavity wall construction, Radstadt

In general, construction materials should

be:

Appropriate to the climate

Preferably indigenous

Of low embodied energy

Recycled, recyclable, non –

toxic

Dependant on local skills


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Park’s infrastructure:

- Grassy roofs

- Rainwater recovery system

- Wood chips for thermal purposes (cool-

ing and heating)

- Thermal solar and heat recovery system

- PV generator

- Eco – efficient building technologies

- Mini hydropower plant

were built with two rooms per dwelling and the remaining units are divided into three-or four-room

apartments. The beautiful integration into the hillside, and the possibility to apply for increased housing

subsidies, made the project more attractive. After completion in May 2009 was the key to the new

residents to be transferred

5 ENVIRONMENT PARK, TURIN

Environment Park was built on the initiative of Regione Piemonte, City of Turin, Italy. It represents

today an original experience among the European Technology and Science Parks thanks to the ability to

combine technological innovation and eco-efficiency, hosting several companies and Research Institutes

operating both in the Environmental Protection field and the ICT field.

The complex of Environment Park is composed by two compact

groups of buildings, built on three levels (levels 0, 1, 2): particularly

the level 1 is structured as a big platform, which covers the car parks,

upon which several buildings rest. In fact, several buildings are built

as a compact whole and present themselves as totally covered by

extensive lawns, usable as public park, and separated by the wide

split of the green valley.

The entire complex, all covered by the greenness, seems to the citi-

zenship as a real public park, completely exploitable by the people

who live in the neighbourhoods and by who attend the Environment

Park.

This allows diluting, dissolving the buildings built in the nature and

in the landscape particularly: the buildings for office are low, levelled

out in the greenness of the park.

The green roof: because of the good winter, summer isolation and

overall the total consumption of energy, the wide use of ecological

covering enables to reduce the cost of realization of buildings and that of administration of the complex.

However, the other environmental

advantages are evident: the

improvement of microclimate, the

filtration of polluting dusts of the

air and of the rain water and the

reduction of urban sound

pollution (the lawn is a no

reflecting surface).

The Blue Building system: the

southern fronts of office, turn on

the street and therefore

representative of the technological

and environmental vocation of the

Environment Park, are realized

with the Blue Building system: the

system based on the interactive front

and on the ceiling of panels heating.

Some of the Environment Park´s features

Turin – biggest urban transformation with the largest grassy roof in Italy (24,000m2)


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The two results are apparently opposing: a wide improvement of internal comfort and a wide control of

the energetic consumptions.

The interactive front uses the glasses completely transparent (an external double glass and an internal

window) which allows to have the maxim natural illumination in the internal rooms. When it is

necessary it monitors solar rays directly, follows down automatically in the cavity between the two

windows. The empty space is constantly aired by the air extracted from the rooms which absorbs the

solar heat accumulated by the fins of the trend.

The mechanism offers on that way notable environmental increments: (a) an improved acoustic isolation

from the outside, (b) an energy saving both for the air-conditioning (the solar heat doesn‘t come in) and

for the artificial illumination; (c) a better internal comfort. The glass and the walls remain near to the

room temperature. The ceiling of panel‘s water heating operated in the same direction, assuring a high

environmental comfort and a high energetic saving of functioning.

The wood chips: about the 85% of the heating power of the Environment Park is produced by wood

chips boiler (wastes product of the pruning the tree-lined roads), energetic sustainable resource for

excellence and moreover wide disposable in Turin. The adoption of an absorbing machine allows using

the energy of the wood chip boiler to refresh the Environment Park consuming almost only the vegetal

waste of the gardens and of the tree-lined roads in Turin. The saving is evident: both economic (for the

cost of the fuel) and ecological (for the consistent reduction of the waste mass that have to be disposed

in the tips).

The building material: in the choose of the building material the productions and manufactures that

don‘t imply polluting activities and procedures in the production, in the placing, in the disposal, or that

could be recyclable and reusable at the end of the life cycle of the buildings had the priority.

The basin of phytodepuration: in the system of water games of the green valley two basins of

immobile waters are installed for the purification by solar raids of the rain waters and of the grey waters

with a low content of B.O.D.

Heating and cooling through biomass boiler


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6 SUSTAINABLE WAREHOUSES

Designing the perfect warehouse is an area where even angels can fear to walk. The sources of warehouse

energy could be: national grid, wind turbine, solar, photovoltaic, geothermal, bio fuels and kinetic. As the

benefits of sustainability are being recognized across the globe, developers are building facilities that reduce

environmental impact and increase efficiency.

6.1 Nike´s (Logistics) Sustainable Warehouse

The average warehouse today has CO2 emissions of 236 kWh per m2. Heating is responsible for

169 kWh/m² of that figure. And it is divided to nearly 115 kWh/m²per good practice.

Nike Logistics in Laakdal (a municipality located in the Belgian province of Antwerp) is the textbook

example that proves that it does

make sense and is financially re-

warding to invest in green ware-

housing.

Nike is already producing more

energy than it uses and should be

completely CO2-neutral by 2011.

Solar energy and flat roofs are

almost always associated with a

row of panels mounted on the

roof on inclined supports.

6.1.1 Lighting at Nike Logistics warehouse

At the end of the 1990s, lighting accounted for 30% of Nike‘s total energy consumption. To reduce its

energy needs, the lighting plan was completely redrawn. Energy efficiency and comfort were to go hand in

hand. The existing lights were

replaced with energy efficient

T5 lights with electronic bal-

last.

These are TL tubes with a tube

diameter of only 16 mm, offer-

ing better illumination than

traditional T8 lights. The lights

were only placed where they

were needed. In addition, a study of every location was carried out to determine the light intensity that was

necessary to increase light-comfort for the staff: a step that paid for itself in four years and had a positive

influence on working conditions.

Sealed roofs and solar energy in one step

Lighting: in 1998, accounted for 30% of total energy consumption. Complete redesign

of the lighting plan paid for itself in four years.

Self-generated power: 20 gigawatt hours annually; own consumption: 18 gigawatt

hours.

Thickness of insulation materials: 16 cm.

E-level Nike Strategy 3: E60.


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6.1.2 Wind Park

The changes to the lighting, optimization of the air-conditioning plant and other energy-efficient investments

resulted in significant reductions in energy consumption by the end of the 1990s, but were not enough to

achieve the objectives the company had set itself. In 2001, therefore, Nike de-

cided to build its own wind park. Because such massive turbines have a signifi-

cant impact on the surroundings, Nike consulted with its neighbours‘ right from

the start. Its open approach resulted in a very positive response to Nike‘s envi-

ronmental efforts from those in the immediate vicinity, and a high level of accep-

tance of the tall turbines. Partly in response to their neighbour‘s wishes, Nike

decided not to install the traditional monolithic (full) masts, but used lattice masts

with a light metal skeleton. As a result, taller masts were possible and less steel

was needed for the superstructure and less

concrete for the foundations.

The open structure also means less wind-on-mast

noise, thus reducing noise nuisance for those

living nearby. Safety was also a factor in the

choice of mast design. Should anything happen,

the mast collapses into a ‗crumple zone‘ without

further harm? Al-though the neighbourhood filed

no objections against Nike‘s plan, the

government was less cooperative. Environmental

approval was obtained reasonably quickly, but it

took more than two years for Nike get a building

permit for the masts, partly because it had

chosen to use the lattice construction.

6.1.3 Siting the building

The offices are located on the west side of the

building, making air-conditioning unnecessary.

The operational zone is located on the south

side, which gets a lot of daylight, so very little

artificial light is necessary during the day. To

prevent overheating on the south side, a

permanent passive cooling system was installed

using blinds.

6.1.4 Ground and night cooling

The soil-heat exchanger transports fresh, cool air from the

ground to the offices and the warehouses via ground-

cooling pipes. In addition, cool outside air is brought into

the building during the night. This, in conjunction with the

extensive insulation, means that remarkably little energy is

required to create a pleasant, healthy indoor atmosphere.

Wind turbine

The large wind turbines,

conspicuous along the

motorway, are the most

outstanding aspect of

Nike´s programme.

Largest PV installation, as climax to ecological pioneering

Polypane Sunroof:

Gross serviceable roof area: 2,592 panels, 3,346 m²

Time taken for installation: 2 months

Total power capability installed: 389 kWp1 (331 MWh is equivalent

to 40% of Polypane‟s total electricity requirement, and the annual

consumption of 90 households)

Investment: €2 million

Aids (ecology grant): ± €90,000 + green electricity certificate

Tax benefit: ± €90,000

Expected pay-back period: less than 10 years


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6.1.5 Insulation

Having installed twice more insulation as required by regulations, Nike will continue to be in compliance

with the insulation standards that should be changed in the future.

6.1.6 Flexibility

Flexibility is an essential requirement for a good logistics building. If the user moves out within a couple of

years, the building has to be usable by another company. Height is an important consideration. That is why

all of warehouses have a standard minimum height of 10.8 m. This means that they can quickly be put to

other users.

6.2 Blue Planet Distribution Centre in Chatterley Valley, England

The warehouse was built by a service provider company called McLaren who has proved that building a

warehouse can participate in the ―safety‖ of the Earth. Warehouses aren't usually associated with

cutting-edge construction, but the Blue Planet distribution centre in Chatterley Valley is using state-of-

the-art technology to achieve optimal sustainability.

Design responds to the natural features of

the site, re-creating walkways, parklands

and habitats.

6.2.1 The idea behind the project

The stand-in on behalf of both the developer

Gazeley and site vendor Advantage West

Midlands, Shining Earth‘s™ advice helped

the 35,564 m2 Park Blue Planet to save up

to £300,000 per year in reduced running

costs. Shining Earth™ acted as sustainability

consultants, focusing on sustainability monitoring and reporting to Advantage West Midlands and the

client Gazeley. Specifically, the concentration was on assisting the design team on a number of

sustainability initiatives including energy effi-

cient technologies, such as T5 lighting, utilization

of natural light, building orientation, under floor

heating, solar walls and rainwater harvesting, all

of which are incorporated into the design.

In addition, a proposed micro power CHP (Com-

bined Heat and Power) plant provides enough

extra energy to supply heat and power to 650

local homes, and kinetic plates located beneath

the roadways which capture and store the kinetic

energy of vehicles as they travel over them, al-

lowing the energy to be reused elsewhere on the

site. The £23m eco-friendly structure use energy-

saving techniques in a warehouse such as the wall

with the solar panels installed, to meet electricity

Eco warehouse in artist´s mind

35,564 m2 of space available. The ETFE roof lights with inside built

photovoltaic cells and manifestations minimize the night time pollu-

tion.


10

Building specifications:

Site area: 23.9 acres

Floor Loading: 50kN/m2

Car Parking: 235 spaces

HGV Parking: 105 spaces

Level access doors: 2

Dock levellers: 38

Clear storage height: 15m

needs in the warehouse. Warehouse also has floors that can produce heat energy (floor heating system)

which operates through a generator that uses biomass (animal compost) as a fuel.

―The Blue Planet‖

which is actually

painted green sits in

the neighbouring hills

like a lozenge-shaped

spacecraft. From the

site you can see a tra-

ditional warehouse

being erected on a

neighbouring plot and

the gap couldn't be

more noticeable. The

Blue Planet reeks of

high-tech construction

technology while the traditional building just looks like a shack. Light enters the building using the

same Ethylene Tetra Fluor ethylene (ETFE) skill seen at the Beijing Olympics swimming hub. ETFE

pillows in the roof are inflated to tolerate wider spans than traditional glazing with better filling

properties.

The roof lights complement the south side of the building which is a complete solar wall while the

building contains one of the largest under floor heating systems in the country. The heating system is

powered by a biomass generator creating enough extra energy for local

homes. The reason to

change to biomass

was the oil price of

bio fuel generators

that has shot up dur-

ing the planning. A

lot of steel was

needed in the main

structure as the heat-

ing pipes run all the

way around the

building underground. Because the building is tall, a

lot of heat is usually wasted when it radiates down

from above, so energy – saving technique was being

installed as kinetic plates which converts the motion

of articulated vehicle into power. The plates are

installed in the warehouse draw near roads which

generate the power when trucks roll over them.

Many materials used into construction work have

been sourced within a 30 – mile radius, while all off

cuts were recycled. Major components like the under

floor heating and solar wall have set the quality for the

whole approach to the job.

Cushions on the roof are puffed up to allow wider cover

Construction materials were sourced within 30 miles radius


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This is the UK‘s first carbon positive BREEAM Industrial ‗Outstanding‘ rated logistics building (less

than 2008 design rating). The whole 100% of energy and heat is supplied from renewable energy.

Building lighting and power savings of 49% from normal, building heating and energy savings of 68%

and water savings of 60%. Total energy and water cost in use savings are up to £300,000 per annual

(39% cost in use saving per annual).

7 GREEN VALUES IN A WAREHOUSE

The supply chain as a key source of value creation becomes the litmus test for the ´promise´ and supply

management is the enabler. Today many lack a comprehensive and robust way to track their own and

suppliers ´sustainability performance. Being green and ethical will no longer be an option, it will be a

necessity for all participants in the supply chain. Green Supply Chain should integrate environment into

supply chain management, including product design, material sourcing and selection, manufacturing process,

delivery of the final product to the customers and end – of – life management of the product after use of its

life. A company should take into consideration the Green-SCOR model which enables organizations to more

effectively integrate environmental management with SCM.

7.1 Factors of how to green your storage

How could we locate inventory as close to the end buyer in order to save shipping costs and reducing

products shipping carbon footprint?

Keep Inventory close to the end customer

Move in bulk by―ground whenever possible

Using volume freight delivery to get inventory to regional warehouses will cut the total number of

km traveled per package.

The further you transport goods in volume — in a large container or by freight—the better optimized

your long-distance inventory transport will be.

Maximize the number of products you pack into each transport container

Consider eliminating the use of pallets

Even in the best of times, successful warehouse management is a balancing work between competing

objectives like space utilization versus organizational flexibility, picking speed versus accuracy, and

increased throughput versus decreased labour costs. Recent economic conditions have strengthened the

challenge with increased study of capital expenditures and more demanding requirements on return on

investment (ROI).

Improving warehouse operations to achieve corporate goals requires a combination of strategic actions,

organizational capabilities and enabling technologies. For example, companies must examine whether

current warehouse systems provide the visibility and ease of integration needed to support future

improvements. Additionally, companies must measure and track warehouse performance metrics to

understand cost drivers and provide a solid basis for evaluating the potential benefits of efficiency-improving

technologies.

For example, in the latest OPM (Object Process Methodology) generation, several load handling devices are

grouped together to create one transport unit on the conveyor. This significantly reduces the length of time

Everybody claims to be „sustainable‟ these days and the whole concept is reduced to eye-catching projects, such as wind turbines or solar

panels. Having solar panels does not, on its own, make a warehouse green. Far too often, there is no integrated approach, which means

that many opportunities to build the most sustainable warehouse possible are not taken advantage of. There is no single solution, but

dozens, for designing a sustainable warehouse.


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that the conveyor elements are switched on and lowers the plant's energy consumption by up to 30%. Thanks

to this measure, 40% fewer drives are needed in an OPM system.

Effective software functionalities, such as in the area of volume costing, order combining or the use of pick-

and-pack functionalities at the picking workstations can also be seen by the client in its CO2 balance sheet.

Considerable savings potential is exploited if the plant runs in so-called economy mode. In low-throughput

phases of plant areas, the stacker cranes deliberately accelerate more slowly and only to a lower speed while

the paths are further optimized. This reduces not only energy consumption, but also wear and tear to the

vehicles.

Energy-optimized lifting and travel gear axles on the vehicles make it possible to raise the lifting mechanism

during the decelerating phase of the drive unit and lower it during the accelerating phase. This technology

has been in use for 10 years and has increased vehicle efficiency by up to 30%. By combining several

controllers and vehicles to create one entity, this enables excess energy generated when decelerating a

vehicle to be used directly for the acceleration of another vehicle. The effect is particularly appealing to

clients in instances where energy cannot be fed back to the grid or the energy recovery is not compensated

by the energy supplier.

7.2 Automated warehouse

Most people assume that automated warehouses consume more energy than manual warehouses, but this

question has to be looked at case by case. There are a number of ways in which automated solutions reduce

energy consumption and save costs. Firstly, by optimizing the material flows, automation reduces the overall

number of goods movements. Use of dynamic slotting based on ERP data – such as fast movers at the front

and heavy goods on lower levels – is much simpler in automated solutions and reduces energy consumption

considerably.

Features of Automated Warehouses: Two rows of metal racks that are face to face; a narrow aisle are between the metal racks

A raised metal rail is built down the center of the narrow aisle

A tall pole travels through the narrow aisle along the rails

Once the pole reaches a certain point, a carriage travels up or down the pole to the same level of the

location point

A load-handling mechanism is built on to the carriage, and then it reaches into the load to be put

away or recover a load.

Benefits of Automated Warehouses: Improving control of products

Reduce and maintains accurate records inventory

Improves labor productivity

Reduces excessive handling of products

Increase productive capacity of existing floor space

Reduce product damage from multiple handling, location errors and shrinkage

Visible

Use less energy than most systems

Requires less maintenance

Helps increase response time to customer demands

Companies implementing Green Supply Chain programs in their warehouse processes should before

anything happens ask themselves the following questions on the warehouse´s role in carbon reduction:

Should we be making strategic decisions based upon carbon or financial economics?

What is the ideal balance between the number of warehouses and transport?


13

Should more emphasis be given to full vehicle loads and increasing stockholding?

Should we be sharing warehouses more?

How can warehouse operations be improved to reduce the impact of transport?

How can warehouse operations be improved to reduce the impact of retail sites?

8 EUROPE´S BEST ECO AIRPORT

Schiphol, (Amsterdam, the Netherlands) was voted as best European Eco Airport. The airport has been

working to reduce its emissions for several years and has the ambition to become fully CO2-neutral by

2012. Schiphol is an Airport City and like a city, it is a place where air and train passengers, visitors

and working people come together. It´s a business location for companies, a dynamic environment with

shops, catering facilities and it´s a hub from where to travel onward.

Schiphol has also been purchasing green energy

exclusively since 2008. This means that all buildings at

Amsterdam Airport Schiphol are connected to green

energy. A portion of their gas on a green basis is bought

by purchasing certificates. Airport generates a small

portion of the energy they use themselves (1%) by

sustainable means. The intention is to raise that portion

steadily in the years ahead. Electric motors has been used

for lifts and conveyor belts, improved regulation and

adjustment of cooling installations, ventilation, lighting

and air – conditioning.

On the Schiphol ground there are small wind turbines.

For the safety concern, the air-port is unable to install

large wind turbines. The small turbines still allow gaining experience in generating wind energy. Much

of the lighting in departure and arrival halls 1, 2, 3/4, the lounges and gates is part of an interconnected

system. The corridor leading to the Gate G is illuminated

on the basis of daylight and the lighting on Gate H is

operated by means of presence detection. The lighting at

the gates will also be presence – detection operated in the

years ahead. The time lighting remains on at the passenger

bridges and after use has been reduced from 15 min to 10

minutes.

LED lighting is also used at a number of locations on the

airport grounds: for example at traffic lights, to illuminate

obstacles, for emergency lighting, to illuminate works of

art and for Christmas lighting. Energy consumption at the

Schiphol Group headquarters has been reduced by 50% by

switching off half of the ceiling spotlights in the corridors

and replacing halogen lights with LED lighting. A large portion of the airport´s buildings are lit using

energy – efficient NEON lighting. The monitors displaying flight in-formation have been replaced by a

newer type that is 50% more energy – efficient. Two – hundred (200) LCD energy efficient monitors are

replacing paper – based advertising and marketing messages in the terminal.

Small wind turbine at Schiphol

Energy efficient LCD monitors


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Grass – sedum vegetated roofs can be found on the roofs of Schiphol Plaza, a portion of the Terminal

building, the Schiphol Group headquarters and the TransPort office building. Vegetated roofs are a

natural means of insulation and they collect precipitation, slowing the rate at which the rainfall reaches

the ground and thus lowering the risk of flooding.

Roof cladding is being tested on the Transview of-

fice building. The effectiveness of a special roof

cladding will show if there could be any breaking

down of hazardous substances such as NOx. Schiphol

is the first company in the Netherlands to apply this

innovative method.

Electricity for aircraft – six gates are fitted with

battery charging stations (6.6%). Each year more

gates are fitted with a fixed power point and a sup-

ply of fresh air so that by late 2013, 67% of the

gates will have access to cold ironing. This develop-

ment means that the aircraft will no longer need to use

supplementary engines. Biodiesel is used by 10% of

vehicles used in airport operations. Biodiesel is made

of coal seed which is supplied by local farmers.

Noise at the Schiphol airport is a big concern. Their

aim is to improve quality of life and limit noise

disturbance. With the new design ―Ecobarrier‖ and

selectivity policy the aim is becoming reality. Pilots are

also being stimulated to perform dead stick landings;

landings without engine power, which cause less noise

and use less fuel. Maintaining the current quality of the surface water and encouraging the efficient use

of water remains a challenge. The quality of the surface water on and around the airport is influenced

during icy or snowy conditions in the winter by substances used to deice airplanes, taxiways, runways

and aprons that seep into the surface water.

These sub-stances remove oxygen from the

water and this can kill off fish.

Pilot, Electric car has launched in 2009 and

it is available for Schiphol staff to use at and

around the airport. The pilot will last one

year. Depending on the results of the pilot,

the Schiphol airport may decide to purchase

a fleet of 100% electrically – driven vehicles.

Staffs also use electric scooters to get to

appointments in the surrounding area. The

luggage trolleys in the baggage basements

run on electricity. The trolleys are charged

on the apron, between Gates E and F. The

plan for 2010 is to test luggage trolley that runs on hydrogen.

Every biodiesel vehicle carries the label

Eco – barrier, the winning design

Noise monitoring system, NOMOS


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Schiphol wants its own business

activities to be CO2 neutral in 2012

and to generate at least 20% of its

energy requirements sustainability at

the Schiphol location in 2020.

The Sanitation Plan was formed in consultation with the Rijnland Polder Board and it describes the

measures for justifying the harmful effects on water life caused by substances for de – icing and dealing

with snow and slipperiness.

Special aprons are used for de – icing airplanes where the de –

icing liquids as glycol and potassium format are collected in buffers.

These aprons are called remote positions and buffers allow prevent-

ing the surface water from becoming contaminated by the de – icing

liquids. These remote positions, together with the changeover to po-

tassium format, are drastically improving the quality of the surface

water.

The algae basin is a pilot based on sustainable innovation in which

glycol and potassium format is broken down in water in an environ-

mentally friendly way. Algae produce large quantities of oxygen

which breaks down glycol. The carbon dioxide released is absorbed

by the micro algae and what remains is purified oxygen – rich water

and algae biomass. The algae have a further benefit in that they also

combine with CO2 in the air when there is little glycol available. This

allows the algae to grow further while at the same time reducing the

airport´s total CO2 emissions. Anti – slip agents are deployed to

counter slipperiness on the runways. Potassium formate is used in-

stead of potassium acetate. The advantage of potassium formate is that three times less oxygen is

removed from the surface water during the natural breakdown process and it works for longer so that

less substance needs to be used.

Airport also has 13 monitoring posts where they measure the water quality. The further seven

monitoring posts will be added in 2010. These posts are connected to the electricity grid, and there is

investigation going on if monitoring posts could be supplied from solar energy or not. A large portion of

the snow was stored in separate locations at the airport for the first time in the 2009/2010 winter season.

The snow is swept from the runways and aprons by the airport´s fleet of snow ploughs. At the special

locations, the melt water is collected and drained away so that it cannot mix with the ground and surface

water.

Cooling water - water treatment plants have been installed on

the terminal roof that condenses the water so that a saving of up

to 20% can be made on replacement water. Water - saving

flushing methods in the terminal - an environmentally friendly

gel is added to the water for toilet flushing in the terminal. This

gel reduces lime scale and the need for descaling with alkaline

cleaning agents and less water is required for deep cleaning. Eco – blocks are placed in the toilet water

reservoirs so that less water is used. On the fire brigade exercise ground, the fire extinguishing water

used during exercises runs off via drains back into water basin. In the basin, the water first enters a

segment where sand and other heavy substances first sink down. After this the water flows over the edge

of the segment into larger segment, from where the water is pumped back to the various individual

pieces of training equipment to cool them.

Schiphol airport uses waste separation policy. There are separate waste bins in the terminal for paper,

plastic and refuse. The 100 million tissues that are discarded each year are processed as paper waste

instead of refuse. The plastic bottles and pots collected at the Customs entryway are collected and

recycled too. This yields a total of 6 tonnes of plastic. Waste from aircraft is separated for processing.

De – icing process


16

Schiphol also examines the separate collection of waste fruit by

restaurants and bars in the terminal. Old work clothing from

restaurants is recycled into dust cloths and fillings. The mown

grass in the vicinity of the runways

is collected as green waste.

Waste processing – Amsterdam

Airport Schiphol has partnered with

Van Gansewinkel for the purpose

of waste processing since 2009.

The anticipation of this collabora-

tion will in the long run lead to less

waste, more separation at source,

processing methods with a higher environmental yield and the use of waste

products to replace primary raw materials.

The aviation sector is constantly innovating in order to make its business

processes cleaner. KLM and Virgin Atlantic already tested a flight on bio

fuel. Kerosene vapours are released during aircraft refuelling. The refuel-

ling tanks collect these vapours and convert them into electricity and heat. This is possible from the

innovative, clean and cost – effective refuelling method: the Kerosene Vapour Processing System of

Aircraft Fuel Supply. Aircraft engines are cleaned on regular basis. Clean engines perform better and

emit less CO2, and the water used is collected.

9 WASTE MANAGEMENT WITH ENVAC VACUUM SYSTEMS

“Envac AB, Sweden, is the global market leader in automated vacuum waste collection and inventor of

the vacuum system.”

As waste volumes continue to grow, more and more stringent demands are being made of waste

handling with regard to hygiene and the environment. The Envac vacuum system for waste handling in

residential areas is a long-term investment offering both financial and environmental benefits, as well as

other added value.

9.1 Envac systems

When an Envac system is installed, the need for

heavy waste transportation in the area is reduced

by up to 90 %. This in turn leads to fewer traffic

jams, as well as less noise and a reduction in

carbon dioxide emissions. The road traffic

environment around people‘s homes is made

safer. And as the system is hermetically sealed,

it will not attract pests or insects or release

noxious odours.

As the waste inlets are connected together in an

underground pipe system, it is possible to place

great emphasis on the wellbeing of residents

when positioning them. Positioning it centrally

Waste is separated

Kerosene Vapour check – up

Stationary vacuum systems


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keeps the area tidier and results in less waste being left lying around.

9.1 Environmentally sustainable waste management

Waste collected in the most hygienic manner and transported quietly by a single truck to recycling

plants, incinerators or landfills, without affecting the residents of the locality. Envac, with origins in

Sweden, is recognized as the undisputed

global market leader for underground-

automated waste collection systems. It has

over 40 years experience in the development

and adaptation of its technology to local

standards in more than 30 countries.

9.1.1 Cleaner and safer

The waste collection process that Envac uses

is cleaner and safer than conventional

systems. It consists of a fully enclosed

vacuum system, which means doing away

with foul smelling, dirty refuse collection

rooms and containers in the streets. No one needs to come into contact with refuse sacks or containers.

The waste is thrown into a normal inlet, either indoors or outdoors. Hygiene is maintained at all times

and there is no manual handling of the waste at all. The container is sealed once it is filled and then

transported to the landfill where it is emptied.

Envac uses intelligent systems that allow the emptying of the waste collected only when required but at

the same time the waste does not sit for long hours. There is both time based and volume based

automated emptying that lets the waste flow to collection points at regular intervals.

In principle, the system consists of a number of collection points, linked together by piping that

transports the waste to a central collection station. When a refuse bag is deposited into an inlet, it is

temporarily stored in a chute on top of a discharge valve. All the full inlets connected to the collection

station are automatically emptied at regular intervals. The control system switches on the fans and a

vacuum is created in the network of pipes. An air inlet valve is opened to allow transport air to enter the

system.

One by one, the discharge valves below each of the chutes

are opened and the refuse bags fall down by gravity into

the horizontal network of pipes and are sucked to the

collection station. The refuse enters the collection station

via a cyclone that separates the refuse from the air. The

refuse falls down into a compactor which dense the refuse

in the sealed container. The transport air then passes

through dust and deodorant filters and a silencer.

When the containers are full, normal trucks collect them

for emptying for further transportation to incineration

facilities, composting plants or landfills. One truck goes to one location and picks up 20 to 25 cubic

meters of waste and drives off.

Litter bin system

Containers are sealed letting no air in


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Whereas open garbage systems are prone to pest infestations as well as creating disease causing germs,

the Envac system is sealed and odourless. In addition the working environment is very good indeed for

the workers who deal with the garbage because they never come into direct contact with it. They do not

do any lifting or pulling heavy bins and are at no risk of infection or cuts when operating the Envac

system.

9.1.2 Sorting at source

It is ideal for separating waste for recycling, in which case there is an additional inlet and container for

each category of refuse.

The control system directs

a diverter valve to convey

each category of sorted

waste into the correct con-

tainer. At all stages of it,

the system does not lose

sight of the importance of

conserving the environment

and the hygiene of users.

Less noise, reduced exhaust

and carbon emissions due

to reduced transport needs,

stops, and loading/unloading ensures good care of the environment.

There is no unnecessary use of energy in any of the stages of this waste collection process. It is also cost

effective because the whole process requires only one operator to keep the system running. Such a

highly automated advanced system is a capital investment and costs much initially but it pays back as

the years pass, as its operating costs are significantly low. In the conventional system, costs continue to

grow.

9.2 Waste handling in flight catering kitchens

Huge amounts of waste are produced in kitchens, mostly in the form of bulky packaging or heavy

organic waste food. Handling this waste poses both a hygiene risk and a working environment problem.

Restaurants also have to meet current environmental requirements as regards sorting waste at source, for

example.

Large catering kitchens at airports are operational more or less round the clock. They have to deal with

enormous amounts of waste from incoming aircraft, food preparation kitchens and staff canteens.

Compared with traditional manual refuse collection methods, an automated kitchen waste system is

safer, more efficient, more hygienic – and cheaper in the long run.

These problems are get rid of by installation of an automated kitchen waste system. The trays being

returned by incoming aircraft are taken off the plane on a conveyor belt, and all the waste remaining

after sorting is automatically sucked out by means of a suction hood. The inlets are located conveniently

throughout the entire kitchen and differ in appearance depending on the type of waste. Some inlets are

equipped with waste disposal units in order to reduce the volume of bulky waste.

Mobile vacuum system


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9.2.1 Advantages of the Envac Kitchen Waste System

Valuable space can be freed up in the kitchen.

Better hygiene – no odour, no leaks, no bacteria, no insects.

Waste inlets can be positioned within comfortable reach of worktops, etc.

The waste storage location is independent of the location of the waste inlets. It is normally

located in a position where it will be easiest to pick up/empty, such as outside the building or in

the basement.

The storage area does not need air conditioning.

Waste can be processed (by grinding or removing moisture, for example) to make it easier to

handle.

System capacity is optimised with regard to estimated quantity of waste and pickup frequency.

There is no manual handling or transportation of food waste.ISO 14001 accreditation of your

kitchen.

Compliant with the very strictest HACCP hygiene requirements.

9.3 Safe waste handling at airports

Large amounts of waste are generated at airports – onboard aircraft, in catering kitchens, at the

restaurants, in the shops and in the administrative offices. Manual waste handling at airports is heavy,

dirty work that causes all kinds of problems. Waste sacks have to be taken past customs and security

staff, and waste collection trucks have to drive around on the already very busy runway. Compared with

traditional, manual handling, this system is safer, more efficient, more hygienic – and more economical.

9.3.1 How it works

As soon as an aircraft has taxied in and is standing at its gate, cleaning staff board the plane to get it

ready for its next flight. But instead of carrying the sacks of waste off every aircraft to a waste collection

truck waiting on the runway, as is the case now, or simply transporting them through customs and on to

a waste room for temporary storage, staff can now throw them straight into a waste chute located in the

Waste handling at the airport kitchen


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bridge at the same level as the entry doors. If the plane has no contact with the bridge, there are other

spillways on the runway which can be used. This keeps traffic on the runway and going through customs

to a minimum.

An underground waste handling system provides a better working environment on the runway and for

cleaning staff aboard aircraft. There are no waste collections trucks, the staff have less to lift and drag,

and there is no risk of them spreading infection or cutting themselves as there is almost no physical

contact with the waste.

When manual waste handling is taken out of the equation, both passengers and staff has a cleaner, more

attractive airport to enjoy. Spillways from the aircraft will not need to be transported manually through

customs and other critical areas, nor will it have to be carried around in full view of passengers in the

departure and arrivals halls, or at the gates.

10 FINAL WORDS

The need for more sustainable transport systems is becoming obvious all over the world. Therefore it is

meaningful to investigate a blend of all options in order to attain a more sustainable transport system

and to analyse how far new technologies can be introduced as complementary mechanism.

Emissions from freight transport largely depend on type of fuel used. Nowadays various alternative

fuels exist; however the main fuel used by goods vehicles continues to be diesel whilst petrol –engine

vans are used for relatively small amounts of freight moved. In most countries, relatively small amounts

of freight are moved in electrically powered road vehicles or freight trains. Diesel engines emit more

CO2 per unit of energy, but because they are more energy efficient, the overall impact of diesel engines

on CO2 emissions is less than that of an equivalent sized petrol engine.

Road traffic is the main cause of environmental noise at the local level. Currently, around 30 per cent of

the EU‘s population is exposed to road traffic noise and 10 per cent to rail noise levels above 55dB.

Trucks generate road noise from three sources: (1) propulsion noise, which dominates at low speeds

(engine sources), (2) tyre/road – contact (noise at speeds above 50km/h) and (3) aerodynamic noise,

which increases as the vehicle accelerates. To minimize or prevent such, Europe set some standard rules

on vehicle noise. Nevertheless, overall noise levels have not improved, as the growth and spread of

traffic in space and time has largely offset both technological improvements and other abatement

measures.

The main focus of a green supply chain is reducing energy consumption, emissions and waste, and

increasing recycling and reuse. To help deal with it, supply chain should be extended. This means new

set of potential strategic and operational considerations:

- The number and location of facilities for product/packaging and re-use

- The effects of traditional supply chain on environmental performance

- Environmental supply chain optimization

But even though that the direct environmental impact can be assessed in terms of emissions, it is the root

that causes these emissions and they need to be addressed. Exactly what action needs to be taken is

determined by an appropriate analysis of the supply chain as a whole. Some researchers have noted that

an improved environmental impact sometimes chase a supply chain redesign exercise based on

traditional performance measures such as cost or customer service.


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REFERENCES

Climate change in Finland

www.environment.fi http://www.mmm.fi/attachments/mmm/julkaisut/esitteet/5mM2RRBrs/Adapting_to_climate_change

_in_Finland_FINAL_lowres.pdf

Green cities in Europe

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/europeangreencapital/green_cities_submenu/awardwinner_2010

.html

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/europeangreencapital/green_cities_submenu/awardwinner_2011

.html

Green city building http://www.energyprojects.at/detail.php?proj_id=15

http://www.europeangreencities.com/cityBuilding/austria.asp

http://www.eu-greenbuilding.org/index.php?id=164

Environment Park, Turin http://www.envipark.com/index.php?lang=en

http://www.italiancleantechnology.com/us/company/63/

http://www.softech-team.eu/w-Envipark.PDF

Sustainable warehouses http://www.gparkblueplanet.com/

www.cushmanwakefield.com

http://www.cushwake.com/cwglobal/docviewer/Green%20Warehousing%20Report%20Bel-

gi-

um%20Jul08.pdf?id=c22200086p&repositoryKey=CoreRepository&itemDesc=document&cid=c190

00018p&crep=Core&cdesc=binaryPromoBoxContent&Country=900095&Language=EN

Green values in a warehouse http://www.slideshare.net/parunika/green-scm

The book, Green Logistics Improving the environmental sustainability of logistics, Edited by A.

McKinnon, S. Cullinane, M. Browne, A. Whiteing, 2010

Europe´s best Eco airport http://www.schiphol.nl/

http://movementbureau.blogs.com/britsongreen/2009/05/ecobarrier-making-amsterdams-schipol-

airport-quieter-greener.html

Waste handling with Envac vacuum systems

http://www.envacgroup.com/web/Start.aspx

http://www.environment.fi/

http://www.mmm.fi/attachments/mmm/julkaisut/esitteet/5mM2RRBrs/Adapting_to_climate_change_in_Finland_FINAL_lowres.pdf

http://www.mmm.fi/attachments/mmm/julkaisut/esitteet/5mM2RRBrs/Adapting_to_climate_change_in_Finland_FINAL_lowres.pdf

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/europeangreencapital/green_cities_submenu/awardwinner_2010.html




http://www.energyprojects.at/detail.php?proj_id=15

http://www.europeangreencities.com/cityBuilding/austria.asp

http://www.eu-greenbuilding.org/index.php?id=164

http://www.envipark.com/index.php?lang=en

http://www.italiancleantechnology.com/us/company/63/

http://www.softech-team.eu/w-Envipark.PDF

http://www.gparkblueplanet.com/

http://www.cushmanwakefield.com/

http://www.cushwake.com/cwglobal/docviewer/Green%20Warehousing%20Report%20Bel-gium%20Jul08.pdf?id=c22200086p&repositoryKey=CoreRepository&itemDesc=document&cid=c19000018p&crep=Core&cdesc=binaryPromoBoxContent&Country=900095&Language=EN




http://www.slideshare.net/parunika/green-scm

http://www.schiphol.nl/

http://movementbureau.blogs.com/britsongreen/2009/05/ecobarrier-making-amsterdams-schipol-airport-quieter-greener.html

http://movementbureau.blogs.com/britsongreen/2009/05/ecobarrier-making-amsterdams-schipol-airport-quieter-greener.html

http://www.envacgroup.com/web/Start.aspx


APPENDICES

Cavity wall construction – a double wall consisting of two vertical layers of masonry separated

by an air space and joined together by metal ties

GREENSCORE – a "green" practice and product scoring or rating system. You can discover

your impact on the environment, while learning to identify true "green" products. BREEAM – The Environmental assessment method for buildings around the world

Green Values in Europe

Design

Transcript of Green Values in Europe