Daimler Trucks

Green Transportation Summit & ExpoSuperTruck Program 1 & 2Justin Yee, Principal Investigator

April 11th, 2017

Daimler AG

SuperTruck 1 SuperTruck 2

Vehicle Target 50% Freight Efficiency Improvement 115+% Freight Efficiency Improvement

Engine Target 50% Thermal Efficiency 55% Thermal Efficiency

Baseline 2009 Cascadia, DD15 2009 Cascadia, DD15

Cost Metric none specified three-year simple payback (1)

Project scope 5 year , $80 Mil, 50% match 5 year, $40 Mil, 50% match

DOE Goals of the program • Part of Economy Stimulus Package

• Push development to invest in high

risk technologies

• Technology spinoff into production if

possible

• No longer a stimulus package

• Focus on US based development

• Cost effective solutions that can spinoff

into production

• Impact in CO2 reduction

2

SuperTruck Programs

Green Transportation Summit & Expo, April 11th, 2017

Daimler AG

Final Demonstrator

Final Demonstrator (FE Test, Oct 2014 – Jan

15)A-Sample Technologies, plus…

• Full Tractor Aero

• cab/sleeper, underbody, drive wheel fairing, mirror

cam, steer wheel, full side extender

• 50% BTE DD11 Engine + WHR

• Predictive hybrid controller

• Predictive engine controller

• New final drive active oil management with FE gear oil

• Lightweight Aluminum Frame and cross members

• Ultra Lightweight Air Suspension

• Advanced Loadshift 6x2

• Solar reflective paint

• Enhanced Trailer aerodynamics

3

SuperTruck 1 Development Roadmap

Tinker Trucks

A-Sample

A-Sample (FE Test, April 2014)• Aero hood, bumper, active grille

• Stock DD11 Engine, DT12 DD Trans. + eCoast

• Waste Heat Recovery (electrical expander & vehicle cooling)

• 6x2 Axle Config, 2.28:1 RAR + oil baffle

• GHC Hybrid B-sample (120kw eMotor, 360v, 2.4 kw-hr Li-Ion

Bat)

• eHVAC (HV compressor, remote condensor, electrical fan)

• eMotor engine start

• Cab insulation package

• Clutched air compressor / electronic air control

• AccuSteer (closed center steering gear + accumulator)

• Low rolling resistance wide based single tires

• Thermal mgt. (variable speed fan, water pump)

• Trailer aero., lightweighting and solar

Green Transportation Summit & Expo, April 11th, 2017

Daimler AG 4

Final Demonstration Test Routes

2 Stationary Cycles (10 total hours total per DoE)

3 drive cycles (14 total hours of driving per DoE, weighted)

Capturing representative driving profiles over a 24 hour cycle

Portland Canyonville

(PCP)

55 mph

San Antonio Dallas

(SDS)

65 mph

Portland City Route

(PCR)

Start/End

10 Min.

Idle at End

5 Min. Idle

5 min. Idle

10 min.

Engine Off

1.1 hours + 9.0 hours + 3.9 hours = 14.0 hrs

5.0 hours + 5.0 hours = 10.0 hrs

Summer Mode Test

• 100°F ambient / 50% relative humidity

• Cab/sleeper target temp 73±5°F

• 600 W/m2 solar load

Winter Mode Test

• 0°F ambient temperature

• Cab/sleeper target temp 73±5°F

• 0 W/m2 solar load

Green Transportation Summit & Expo, April 11th, 2017

Daimler AG 5

SuperTruck1 Final Results 24 Hour Cycle

Supertruck achieved 115% freight efficiency improvement over baseline

0

20

40

60

80

100

PCP - 55 MPH SDS - 65 MPH City Route Winter Summer

Te

st F

ue

l (G

al)

Average Fuel Consumption by Route (Weighted)

SuperTruck

Baseline

97.4%

115.2%

17.8%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

Total

Freight EfficiencyImprovement

PayloadIncrease

Fuel Efficiency

Green Transportation Summit & Expo, April 11th, 2017

Daimler AG

High Risk-High Reward Technologies Must Consider Customer Payback to be Viable

6

• iDP + Direct Drive

• 6x2 2.28 ratio

• eCoast

• Predictive Shifting

• Mirror Cameras

• Drive wheel fairing

• Active aero grille

• Base engine

improvements

• Auxiliaries

• Hybrid electric

powertrain

• Waste heat

recovery

• Lightweight

materials

Commercially Available Not Currently Feasible

SuperTruck1 – project in review

Green Transportation Summit & Expo, April 11th, 2017

Daimler AG

SuperTruck 2 – The challenge

7

• Not Cost Effective

Technology

• Payback > 3 Years

81% Freight

Efficiency

SuperTruck 1

115%

SuperTruck 2

115%(+)

Modified Aero Cab/ Chassis

Downsized, Downrated 11L Engine

Waste Heat Recovery

Hydraulic Accessory Drive

CFRP Cab, Aluminum Frame

Advanced Lubrication

Management

360V Hybrid + Trailer Solar

Wide Base Single Tires

Trailer Aerodynamic

Treatments

Conventional Aero Cab /

Chassis

Downspeeding. Direct Drive

AMT, eCoast, 2.28 Ratio

Predictive Technologies

Engine, Aftertreatment,

Variable Water Pump

Build off of our 2017 New Cascadia to reach 115% (+) freight efficiency using cost effective technologies

DT

NA

Syste

ms

No

n-D

TN

A

Syste

ms

2009

2017 New Cascadia

Development Platform

New Cascadia

34% Freight

Efficiency

Green Transportation Summit & Expo, April 11th, 2017

Daimler AG

1. Technical and Program Management 2. Core

Engine Efficiency

3. Engine and Powertrain

System Controls

4. Aftertreatment

Efficiency

5. Engine Parasitic Losses

Reduction

6. Waste Heat

Recovery

7. Drivetrain

8. Aerodynamic Development

9. Predictive

and Autonomou

s Technologie

s

10. High-Voltage Systems

11. ParasidicLosses

12. Lightweight

Vehicle Component

s

13. Axle, Tires and

Suspension

14. Vehicle Assembly and Test

SuperTruck2 Development

8

Vehicle Controls

Energy Management

Chassis &

Powertrai

n

Vehicle Build &

Vehicle Controls

Energy Management

Detroit

Detroit

Detroit

Detroit

Detroit

Detroit

Aerodynamics

& Vehicle

Exterior

Chassis &

Powertrai

n

Green Transportation Summit & Expo, April 11th, 2017

Daimler AG

SuperTruck 2 Project Phases

9

Phase 1• Simulation

• Goal Setting

• Main Path & Stretch Path Defined

• TRL 1 & 2

Phase 2• Main Path

Design

• A-Sample Design Release

• Bench Testing

• TRL 3 & 4

Phase 3• A-Sample Build &

Test

• System Integration

• Stretch Technology Go/No Go

• TRL 5

Phase 4• Final Demo

Design

• Integration Development

• TRL 6

Phase 5• Final Demo

Build

• Final FE Test

• Final Report

• TRL 7

Main Path Technologies

Stretch Technologies

Green Transportation Summit & Expo, April 11th, 2017

Daimler AG 10

What is the Impact of Fuel Efficiency?

Green Transportation Summit & Expo, April 11th, 2017

Annual fuel savings for each 1% efficiency gained

One tractor annually*

1 year

Large fleet annually

~10,000 tractors, 1 year

Annual DTNA Sales

~50,000 tractors, 1 year

Impact over 5 years

~ 50,000 tractors/yr, 5

years*Calculation Basis: (120,000 miles per year) / (8.0 miles per gallon) = 15,000 gallons * 1% = 150 gallons

150

gal.

1,500,000

gallons

7,500,000

gallons

112,500,000

gallons

Impact of SuperTruck 2

8.0 mpg to 12.2 mpg

3,873,000,000

gallons

258,200,000

gallons

51,640,000

gallons

5,164

gallons

85,980,000,000

lbs CO2

5,732,000,000

lbs CO2

1,146,400,000

lbs CO2

114,640

lbs CO2

Daimler AG

Leveraging expertise of industry and University partners

11

IndustryUS National Labs Universities Fleet

Green Transportation Summit & Expo, April 11th, 2017