GREEN TEMPLETON COLLEGE OXFORD A SHORT … a few years after its foundation, Green Templeton College...

GREEN TEMPLETON COLLEGE OXFORD A SHORT HISTORY

TIMELINE

Green College Oxford Centre for Management Studies/ Templeton College

1965Oxford Centre for Management Studies (OCMS) established

Norman Leyland appointed Director

Purchase of Kennington site

1966 Senior Managers Development Programme launched

1967 BPhil (later MPhil) in Management Studies introduced with tuition at OCMS

1968 OCMS moves to Kennington site

Richard Doll appointed Regius Professor of Medicine 1969 Official opening of OCMS by HRH Duke of Edinburgh

1974 Expanded administrative, library and teaching facilities completed

Conference of Colleges votes for graduate medical society 1976University authorises foundation of Radcliffe College & allocates Radcliffe Observatory and grounds for its use 1977

Green College founded through a benefaction by Dr Cecil and Ida Green & Sir Richard Doll appointed first Warden 1979 Additional residential and teaching facilities completed

Official opening of Green College by University Chancellor Sir Harold Macmillan 1981 All Fellows become members of University

Doll Building completed 1982 ‘A College in Search of A Founder?’ published in The American Oxonian

1983 Major benefaction received from Mr (later from 1987 Sir) John Templeton

1984 OCMS renamed Templeton College

1985 Further library and teaching facilities and sports hall open

1987 College becomes a ‘society of entitlement’

1988 Moser Report recommends major management studies expansion at Oxford

Walton Building completed 1989

1990 University resolution that Templeton should proceed to full college status

13 Norham Gardens purchased through donation by Dr John P McGovern 1991

Link established with the Reuter Foundation Journalist Fellowship Programme 1992

School of Management Studies (later Saïd Business School) established and assumes responsibility for

undergraduate and postgraduate teaching in management studies.postgraduate teaching in management studies.

1995Sir John Templeton donation towards endowment

College granted Royal Charter and full college status

2005 Executive (non-degree) programmes transferred to Saïd Business School

2006 Rewley Abbey Court accommodation acquired

Merger with Templeton College 2008 Merger with Green College

Green Templeton College

1 October 2008Green Templeton College foundedDr Colin Bundy appointed Principal

2010Professor Sir David Watson appointed Principal

The result is a dynamic and close-knit community of Fellows, students and staff focused on understanding and seeking solutions to the human welfare challenges of the 21st century.

This distinctive intellectual profile is underpinned by a commitment to the flow of ideas across traditional disciplinary and professional boundaries, and facilitated by an egalitarian ethos which encourages students, Fellows and other academics to mix freely within College – at meals and social events, as well as in a range of College-based academic initiatives.

Just a few years after its foundation, Green Templeton College is a lively and diverse community, strongly international in character, with an evolving culture seeks to be active and engaged rather than purely reflective, and an approach that is outward-facing and focused firmly on the future.

In a short space of time Green Templeton has become a meeting place where academics, professionals and practitioners from all over the world come together to discuss major issues relating to public policy, professional practice and community and cultural development.

A number of enterprising academic initiatives are making an impact both within and outside Oxford, from the Emerging Markets Symposium, which unites influential leaders from governments, the public and private sectors and academia to address issues critical to human welfare in emerging market countries, to the Oxford Health Experiences Institute, which aims to become one of the major research centres dedicated to understanding the attitudes, values and experiences of people coping with illness or making decisions about their health, and to use this to make a difference.

This success is down to the talent and dedication of the Green Templeton community. But it is also undoubtedly based on the legacy of the two former Colleges which came together: their cultures, academic strengths, aims and mission, and not least the vision of their founding members, all of which still reverberate through the life of the College.

This short history – of the former Green and Templeton Colleges and of the achievements of GTC to date – is not intended to be exhaustive but to highlight how Green Templeton has been shaped by its past and is facing its future.

Professor Sir David Watson Principal September 2012

In 2008, a significant piece of Oxford history was made when Green College and Templeton College joined together to become the University’s newest College, Green Templeton.The merger brought together the respective resources and traditions of the two former Colleges, as well as their scholarship – in health, medicine, business, management and a range of social sciences – to create a contemporary College in an ancient University, offering exciting new opportunities for interaction between disciplines.

GREEN TEMPLETON COLLEGE OXFORD – A SHORT HISTORY | 3

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he idea of a dedicated ‘home’ for clinical medical students in Oxford first arose from conversations in 1970 between Paul Beeson, the then Nuffield Professor of Medicine, and Sir Richard Doll, Regius Professor of Medicine and one of the world’s leading epidemiologists, who had confirmed the link between tobacco and lung cancer.

A college for clinical medicsDoll and Beeson proposed that such a college would provide academic support, accommodation and social and other facilities for clinical medical students during their clinical training, none of which were at that time provided by the older established Oxford colleges. It would also offer fellowships and college associations for clinical readers, University lecturers and NHS consultants entitled to college positions.

Various University committees considered plans for the proposed Radcliffe College in the early 1970s, with more detailed discussions and decisions taking place in meetings of the Clinical Medicine Board. Finally in 1977 Council promulgated a statute authorising its foundation. At the same time, the 18th century Radcliffe Observatory and associated buildings and grounds – which had been occupied by the Nuffield Institute for Medical Research since the 1930s – were designated for the use of the College.

To make the new Radcliffe College a reality, the Observatory had to be refurbished and new buildings constructed. Doll raised £250,000 from various sources, including the Radcliffe Trust and the E P Abraham Educational Trust, and a national and international appeal was launched, overseen by Senior Bursar Dr John Trevor Hughes, with considerable support from the industrialist Lord Pennock. However, a larger sum was required and an introduction to philanthropist Dr Cecil Green, founder of Texas Instruments Inc, was provided by his good friend Dr William Gibson, Professor of Medical History at the University of British Columbia.

Green arrived in Oxford with his wife Ida in April 1977 and at the end of his four-day visit he signed a contract to provide funds of £1 million, on the condition that the first part of the construction contract was finalised by the end of December 1977. Without this support, and a later donation by the Greens of £1,375,000, the College would not have been established.

Radcliffe College therefore became Green College after its benefactor, a title confirmed by University statute in November 1977. The Governing Body came into being that same year and Sir Richard Doll, who had steered the entire project from the beginning, was appointed Warden on 1 September 1979. Green College welcomed its first students at the

start of that Michaelmas term. Two years later on 13 June 1981, Green College was officially opened by the then Chancellor of the University Sir Harold Macmillan.

Building for the futureThe task of transforming the Radcliffe Observatory from a medical research institute into a modern Oxford college began, with the University Surveyor, Jack Lankester, undertaking the planning.

In 1979 Lankester Quad was completed and in 1980 the renovation and redecoration of the Observatory was also finished. The following year the accommodation block named the Doll Building (sometimes called ‘the Dolls’ House’), situated on the western side of the College site, was opened with a further donation from the Greens.

Later in the 1980s, the Lodge in the south-east corner of the College was replaced and the Walton Building (named after the second Warden, Lord Walton of Detchant), which contained additional student rooms and a lecture theatre, was opened in 1989.

A focus on human health and welfareWhen Green College opened its doors to its first students in 1979, the clinical medics were joined by scientific researchers and postgraduate students in applied social studies: traditionally Oxford colleges did not focus on just one academic discipline, aiming instead to foster interaction

GREEN COLLEGE On 1 September 1979 Green College opened with Professor Sir Richard Doll as its Founder Warden, some 30 Fellows and 28 students studying clinical medicine, scientific research and applied social studies.

Wardens past: Dr John Trevor Hughes, Lord Walton of Detchant, Sir Crispin Tickell, Sir John Hanson, Sir Richard Doll pictured at the 25th anniversary party Cecil Green lays the foundation stone for the

Walton Building in March 1988 Sir Richard and Lady Doll open Green College 1 September 1979

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4 | GREEN TEMPLETON COLLEGE OXFORD – A SHORT HISTORY

between disciplines, with the intellectual and social benefits that arose as a consequence.

Under Doll’s leadership, Green College broadened the range of subjects of both students and Fellows, eventually establishing human health as its focus, with health and medicine joined by a range of other subjects relating to human welfare, including criminology, education, environmental sciences and forestry.

Osler HouseFrom the 1930s, Observer’s House at the Radcliffe Observatory was known as Osler House and provided space for the administrative offices of the Medical School and for a very popular social club and library for clinical students.

When Green College was founded, it was agreed with Osler House Club that all members of the College would become members of the Club, whether or not they were medics. At this time, the Medical School was about to move to the John Radcliffe Hospital in Headington and the Osler House Club would transfer with it.

Initially, there were no adequate facilities for the Club at the John Radcliffe Hospital until, at Doll’s initiative, the College bought the Dower House adjoining the Hospital for the Club’s use. The links with Osler House still exist today, with all Green Templeton students having access to some facilities at the Club.

Links across OxfordIn 1992 an important and novel link was established between Green and the Reuter Foundation Journalists’ Fellowship Programme, which had evolved from the British Council-funded Visiting Fellowship

Programme, based at Queen Elizabeth House (QEH). This had been designed to introduce ‘persons of authority and influence’ in the Commonwealth and developing world to the University. In the early 1980s, when the direction of the Programme was assumed by former journalist Neville Maxwell, journalists were invited to be visiting fellows, so that their numbers might be increased, perhaps to create an Oxford equivalent of Harvard’s Nieman Program.

At the same time, the news agency Reuters was planning to establish a foundation to offer fellowships to journalists from developing societies at Stanford and Oxford. The two projects converged and the first Reuter Fellows were accepted in the 1983/84 intake to the QEH Visiting Fellowship Programme.

In the late 1980s, the Journalists’ Fellowship Programme became a separate entity and began to look for a college association and base (rather than QEH) to meet its needs going forward: Green College, with its broadening focus on social studies, was an excellent match. Since its creation the Programme has welcomed 500 journalists from more than 90 countries.

Today, the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (RISJ), where the Fellowship Programme is based, receives core funding from the Thomson Reuters Foundation, the RISJ Director is a Fellow of Green Templeton College and Journalist Fellows are Visiting Scholars during their stay, while they write a research paper on an aspect of journalism of their choosing.

Specialist centresThe development of centres to complement the work of University

departments and support inter-disciplinary research was encouraged by the College. In 1992 the Centre for Environmental Policy and Understanding was established under the directorship of the then Warden, Sir Crispin Tickell, to bridge the gap between science and policy-making in matters of the environment.

Another project, set up in 1999 under the joint leadership of then Warden, Sir John Hanson, and Vice-Warden, Professor Jeff Burley, was the Centre for Natural Resources and Development which brought together collaborators from departments such as the Oxford Forestry Institute, the Environmental Change Institute and the Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine.

International linksGreen College also forged international academic links, in particular with institutions in Japan. In 1999, a collaboration with Nihon University in Tokyo was established to study and compare health and social services for older people in Japan and the UK.

This was followed in July 2002 by an agreement with the Kawasaki Gakuen in Japan to establish an academic enterprise to encourage the exchange of Fellows between the two organisations; this relationship continues warmly today with Green Templeton College. Kawasaki have taken part in a wide range of activities within the College, the Oxford Medical School and the wider University of Oxford and observed clinical practice, participated in research projects and forged research collaborations. Many GTC Fellows and students have also enjoyed study visits to Kurashiki.

Dr Cecil and Ida Green in 1986

Lankester Quad Sir Richard and Lady Doll open Green College 1 September 1979Official opening of Green College on 13 June 1981 (l to r: Green, Macmillan, Doll)


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ts roots lay, firstly, in the Oxford University Business Summer School (OUBSS), which from 1953 saw economists teaching businessmen to provide a better understanding of business economics, and secondly, in the Oxford Centre for Management Studies (OCMS), which was founded in 1965 to apply Oxford teaching methods and research to the discipline of management, a subject which had not been formally studied at the University until then.

Founders’ visionThe vision of three men made OCMS a reality: Norman Leyland, Fellow in Economics and later Bursar of Brasenose College, its first Director; Norman (later Sir Norman) Chester, the Warden of Nuffield College, who piloted the project through the University and became first chair of the OCMS Council; and businessman Clifford Barclay, whose funding made possible the acquisition of the Centre’s site in Kennington, south Oxford, and the first phase of a modern, purpose- built campus.

Chester chaired a University committee set up to explore the possibility of establishing management studies at Oxford. In 1964 it

recommended an institution ‘completely independent of University control so as to be free to experiment, yet drawing upon the teaching resources available in Oxford and at the same time contributing a new element to those resources’.

The following year OCMS was established as a company limited by guarantee to provide executive and graduate (later also undergraduate) courses in management studies. In 1966 the first six candidates enrolled on a six-month Senior Management Development Programme (SMDP). The first bespoke company programmes were also offered, and were to become one of the institution’s great strengths.

OCMS at Kennington Funds for a permanent home came from Clifford Barclay, a highly successful tax accountant and entrepreneur, who had been introduced to Leyland at an OUBSS event. His gift funded the purchase of the 18.7-acre Kennington site and architects Ahrends, Burton and Koraleck were invited to draw up plans.

The modernist building was designed purposely to contrast with classical Oxford architecture, although traditional features

such as quadrangles and staircases were incorporated. The modular design could be enlarged over time in a phased development: the first phase included 24 basic study bedrooms, a library, offices, common and dining rooms and teaching accommodation. In 1968 the Centre moved to its new home which was opened the following year by HRH the Duke of Edinburgh.

OCMS became responsible for running and teaching the MPhil in Management Studies, the MSc in Industrial Relations and the management components of the undergraduate degrees in engineering, economics and management and in metallurgy, economics and management.

The Templeton BenefactionThe initial supporters of OCMS had failed to attract endowment funds, leaving it to rely on income from teaching. Uwe Kitzinger, who became Director in 1980, saw growth as vital to reap badly-needed economies of scale and he set about finding a benefactor.

In 1982 he published in the American Oxonian an article entitled ‘A College in search of a founder?’. This was drawn to the attention of John (later Sir John) Templeton, a leading fund manager and former Rhodes

OXFORD CENTRE FOR MANAGEMENT STUDIES & TEMPLETON COLLEGE Templeton College became the University’s specialist graduate college in management studies, bringing together Fellows, students, leaders from the public and private sectors and alumni from around the world to study, discuss and initiate new approaches in management and related studies.

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The Kennington site, later known as Egrove Park

Norman Chester, Sir John and Lady Templeton and Uwe Kitzinger at the Templeton College naming ceremony 1984

Norman Chester, Norman Leyland, HRH the Duke of Edinburgh and Clifford Barclay at the opening of OCMS in 1969


Scholar who, in June 1983, agreed to give $5 million in five annual installments on three conditions: that OCMS obtain from the University the right to matriculate at least 12 graduate students a year; that it change its name to Templeton College in honour of his parents; and that it eventually apply for a Royal Charter and full college status.

The gift was to be treated as working capital to be invested in the College itself and not as an endowment. £3.3 million went into building, doubling the size of the premises, with £0.8 million reserved for research and development.

Towards college statusThe 1980s saw huge growth in the range of College activities, its executive education, its income (from £720,000 to £4 million) and its reputation for research, not least through the creation of four research centres in information management, retail management, employee relations and major project management.

Meanwhile, the College and the University grew closer: in 1981 all College Fellows became members of the social studies faculty and by 1987 the College was recognised as a ‘society of entitlement’ (a step on the path to full college status) supervising students studying for DPhil, MPhil and MLitt programmes.

In 1988, the University’s Moser Committee – appointed to look into the future development of management studies at Oxford – recommended that a school of management studies, teaching a new MBA degree and an extended range of joint undergraduate degrees involving management, be established on the

Kennington site and that it incorporate Templeton College.

A new business school posed challenges for Templeton as a continuing entity. The College would lose its graduate and undergraduate programmes, important funding and its hard-earned identity unless a new role and funding regime were carved out.

After much discussion, it was agreed that Templeton would get full college status under Royal Charter and retain its executive education activities, whilst working alongside a new business school handling all undergraduate and graduate programmes. Templeton received a Royal Charter in 1995, supported by a further donation of £3.2 million towards its endowment, made in 1994 by Sir John Templeton.

In 2001, building on a gift from Mr Wafic Saïd, the Saïd Business School (SBS) - which had been founded as the University’s School of Management Studies in 1992 - was formally opened and was running an MBA programme and the existing joint degrees in management. Templeton retained responsibility for executive education until 2002 when Oxford Executive Education was launched by the University to further develop executive education at Oxford. This was a collaboration between the College and SBS, pooling their strengths, resources and experience.

In a major restructuring of the College and the School (initiated by the Dean of SBS, Professor Anthony Hopwood, and the Dean of Templeton, Professor Michael Earl) responsibility for all management studies teaching – undergraduate, postgraduate

and executive – was consolidated within the Business School in 2005. This move freed up significant resources at Templeton and allowed it to develop its role as a graduate college in the subject.

Templeton connectionsBuilding on its role as Oxford’s specialist graduate College in management studies, Templeton had become the centre of a high-level network, bringing together Fellows, students and alumni, business leaders, and leaders of thought to cross-fertilise study and debate, and catalyse new approaches.

Much of its research was focused in specialist centres which explored key issues and pioneered understanding of critical issues confronting the international business community. Centres included: the Oxford Institute for Employee Relations (OXIFER); the Oxford Health Care Management Institute (OHCMI); the Oxford Institute of Information Management (OXIIM); the Oxford Institute of Retail Management (OXIRM); and the Oxford Institute of Strategic and International Management (OXISIM).

The College also hosted the Emerging Markets Forum; the Oxford Futures Forum; the Oxford Chairs and CEOs Dinner Discussions; the NHS Chairs Group, and the Tomorrow Project. It played an important role in bridging management, government, and the public sector: the pre-office training of the Labour Shadow Cabinet had been undertaken by the College in 1996 and many Fellows were involved in a range of projects, from change management in government departments to studies of changing public sector roles.

Sir John Templeton and Clifford Barclay The launch of Oxford Executive Education in 2002

Modernist interior of the Kennington campus

Fellows celebrate 25 years of the OCMS

Roger Undy, Desmond Graves and Bob Vause


Clifford Barclay (1907 – 1992)

Clifford Barclay, the son of Jewish immigrants from Poland, left school at 16 and worked for a summer in a cotton mill in Poland before enrolling in a firm of chartered accountants (known today as BDO). In 1931 he became partner at the age of 23 years.

By 1955 Barclay was senior partner of Stoy Hayward. He then changed career and developed two businesses, including Giltspur Investments which was quoted on the London Stock Exchange.

In the early 1960s he met Norman Leyland at an OUBSS event. Leyland and others were involved in the formative stages of the OCMS and Barclay – who missed out on a university education and was a keen advocate of lifelong learning – was persuaded to fund its early stages. When the Kennington site was acquired, Barclay funded the first phase of building work and his extensive network of contacts also attracted expertise to the OCMS. Barclay succeeded Norman Chester as Chairman of the OCMS Council in 1975.

Working with Chester lead to an invitation to Barclay to join the Chester Enquiry into Professional Football and he later chaired the Professional Football Ground Improvement Trust. Through his support for adult education, he was invited in the mid 1970s by Margaret Thatcher, then Secretary of State for Education and Science, to sit on the Committee of Inquiry into non-vocational adult education in England and Wales.

He enjoyed close professional involvement with the film industry and was elected President of the British Film Production Association in1968. He was also a member of the Court of Governors of the London School of Economics and President of the West London Synagogue.

Today he is remembered at Egrove Park (the Barclay Lecture Theatre), Saïd Business School (the Founders Room) and Green Templeton College (the Barclay Room).

Sir Norman Chester CBE (1907 – 1986)

Norman Chester was born in Manchester and left school at 14 to work in the Treasurer’s department of the City of Manchester. He studied at night school to take an external degree at Manchester University at the age of 23, before winning a scholarship to do research there.

He lectured in Public Administration at Manchester and during the Second World War worked in Whitehall for the Cabinet Secretariat, alongside figures including Sir William Beveridge, one of the architects of the welfare state.

In 1945 Chester was made a Fellow of Nuffield College Oxford and was awarded a CBE at the age of 44 for services to public administration. He then embarked on two parallel careers: in city administration as a member of – and later Mayor of – Oxford City Council and between 1954 and 1978 as Warden of Nuffield College.

In 1961 he was appointed convener of a University committee looking into the possibility of developing Management Studies at Oxford, and continued to be influential in the ongoing discussions at University level. This brought him into contact with Norman Leyland, who would be appointed the first Director of the OCMS. Together, with the support of Clifford Barclay who became a close friend, they were the founders of the OCMS, realising the potential for management education in Oxford.

Chester was the first Chairman of the OCMS Council and was extremely influential in the early stages of development and relationships with the University.

Chester was knighted in 1974 and in 1983 became an Honorary Fellow of the Centre, along with Clifford Barclay. He remained on the Council until his death in 1986.

Professor Sir Richard Doll (1912 – 2005)

Richard Doll, the foremost epidemiologist of the 20th century and the Founder Warden of Green College, made a major contribution to the understanding of the effects of ill health on populations and changed the way we think about disease.

In 1954 he published research linking cigarette smoking to lung cancer and an increased risk of heart disease. He undertook pioneering research into the contraceptive pill and the relationship between asbestos and lung cancer, and also introduced the concept of the randomised controlled medical trial, a method of assessing the effectiveness of a treatment or procedure that was one of the most important developments in medical research in the second half of the 20th century.

Doll graduated from St Thomas’s Hospital Medical School in 1937. After serving in the Royal Army Medical Corps during the War, in 1946 he began work at the Medical Research Council’s Statistical Research Unit.

Doll was appointed Regius Professor of Medicine in 1969. He led the modern transformation of the Oxford Medical School and became the prime mover behind the drive to establish a college for clinical medics, attracting funding from Dr Cecil Green. When Green College opened in 1979, Doll was its Founder Warden, a post he held until 1983.

Doll’s work has been recognised throughout the world: he received honorary degrees from 13 universities, and won countless awards, including the United Nations Award for Cancer Research in 1962 and the gold medal of the European Cancer Society in 2000.

He received his knighthood in 1971.

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FOUNDING FATHERS Green Templeton is built on the vision, imagination and dedication of its founders.


Dr Cecil Green (1900 – 2003)

A British-born American geophysicist, Cecil Green became a leader in educational and medical philanthropy, alongside his wife Ida.

After studying liberal arts and applied science at the University of British Columbia from 1918 to 1921, he moved to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to complete Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in electrical engineering in 1924.

In the 1930s, he worked in the field for Geophysical Service Incorporated (GSI), one of the first independent prospecting companies established to perform reflection seismic exploration for petroleum. By 1941 he had bought the oil production unit from GSI with three partners and the company became a geophysical exploration service leader.

The company became phenomenally successful on the back of its electronics work and in 1951 the company’s name was changed to Texas Instruments Incorporated. Today it is one of the world’s leading designers and suppliers of digital signal processing and analogue technologies, which have made possible the Internet age.

Texas Instruments made Green a wealthy man and he and Ida used his wealth for philanthropic purposes, choosing to support education and medicine for the most part.

The Greens’ philanthropic efforts totalled over $200 million: as well as being founding benefactors of Green College, Oxford, the Greens helped found the University of Texas at Dallas, Green College at the University of British Columbia and St Mark’s School of Texas.

They were also major contributors to the Cecil H Green Library at Stanford University, and the Cecil and Ida Green Building for earth sciences at MIT.

Norman Leyland (1921 – 1981)

Norman Leyland was educated at Manchester Grammar School and won a classical scholarship to Brasenose College Oxford.

After serving in the Royal Air Force during the War, he returned to Oxford to read Politics, Philosophy and Economics and on graduating, was appointed Brasenose’s first lecturer in Economics. In 1957 he was elected Bursar, exercising his talent for identifying investments and people with potential before they were generally recognised. It was in Oxford that he met Norman Chester.

Together with other Oxford economists including George Richards, he was influential in setting up the Oxford University Business Summer School (OUBSS) in 1953, which offered economics teaching to businessmen.

As OUBSS’s first Senior Tutor, he led its development for some years and continued his support for the programme after becoming Director of OCMS. At an OUBSS event in the early 1960s, he met Clifford Barclay who attended an evening seminar as a guest.

Leyland’s vision was that Oxford’s unique academic traditions of collegiate culture, the tutorial, and the relationship between student and teacher, could be applied to management education. Bringing together their complementary talents, Leyland, Chester and Barclay established and developed the OCMS. Leyland continued to foster the development of management studies in Oxford as the first Director of OCMS. He was instrumental in the choice of the design of the OCMS building, recruited the first Fellows and established the enduring service culture.

Norman Leyland died in Oxford aged just 60.

Sir John Templeton (1912 – 2008)

An American-born, naturalised British stock investor, businessman and philanthropist, Sir John Templeton was to have a major impact on the development of the Oxford Centre for Management Studies (OCMS).

He was born in Tennessee and studied first at Yale – where he supported himself by playing poker – and then at Balliol College, Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar where he gained an MA in Law. He began his Wall Street career in 1937 and went on to create some of the world’s largest and most successful international investment funds. Money Magazine called him “arguably the greatest global stock picker of the century” (January 1999).

Deeply committed to educational and charitable causes, in 1972 he established the world’s largest annual award given to an individual, the £1,000,000 Templeton Prize, which is intended to recognise exemplary achievement in work related to life’s spiritual dimension. Its monetary value always exceeds that of the Nobel Prizes – Templeton’s way of underscoring his belief that advances in the spiritual domain are no less important than those in other areas of human endeavour.

In 1987 he set up the John Templeton Foundation, whose mission is to serve as a philanthropic catalyst for research on what scientists and philosophers call the ‘Big Questions’, inspired by Templeton’s belief that rigorous research and cutting-edge science are at the heart of human progress.

He made two large gifts to the OCMS, one in 1983 which saw the Centre change its name to Templeton College in honour of his parents and another in 1994.

He was created a Knight Bachelor in 1987 for his philanthropic efforts. His son Dr John Templeton is a generous friend, supporter and Fellow of Green Templeton College.


ts construction was the idea of Thomas Hornsby, who was elected Savilian Professor of Astronomy in 1763 and had observed the 1769 transit of Venus from a room in the Bodleian Tower. His conviction that a serious observatory was needed in Oxford saw him petition for funds from the trustees of Dr John Radcliffe (1652-1714), whose estate had already financed the Radcliffe Library (now the Radcliffe Camera) and the Radcliffe Infirmary.

The first plans drawn up by architect Henry Keene (1726-1776) were for a traditional square tower. However, James Wyatt (1746-1813), who succeeded Keene, designed a tower in the shape of an irregular octagonal, based on an engraving of the Tower of the Winds in Athens. Stone reliefs of the eight winds by sculptor John Bacon (Royal Academician) surround the top of the tower, while at a lower level a set of Coadestone plaques designed by Rossi include the signs of the Zodiac.

The tower sat above a semi-circular central building, with its north-facing arc providing an entrance hall and two side rooms. Inside the tower were rooms at three levels with a magnificent observing room at the top. At ground level, the East Wing contained mural quadrants,

mathematical instruments to make positional measurements of the Sun, Moon, planets and bright stars, while the West Wing contained teaching instruments. The first floor provided a lecture room with laboratories in two side rooms.

Astronomical importanceFrom its early days, the Observatory made notable contributions to astronomy. Its eminence came from the accuracy of the instruments and Hornsby’s meticulous observations, producing tables for nautical almanacs which ensured safe navigation at sea through accurate longitude determination.

In 1781, the use of telescopes became popular and the Tower Room was ideal for this, as small instruments could be moved out through the large windows onto the balconies. The Observatory was still ranked in the top four worldwide in 1820 with Berlin, Koenigsberg and Cambridge. But its influence ended in 1839 when the University and its Savilian Chair parted company and the Observatory became a private establishment with a ‘Radcliffe Observer’ at its helm.

By 1879 the Observatory was in poor repair, lacked funds and instruments and increasing levels of chemical and light

pollution made the site less than ideal. The last UK-based Observer Harold Knox-Shaw engineered the move to South Africa in 1935; some of the small instruments and quadrants went to the Museum of the History of Science in Oxford and others to the Science Museum. The largest telescope, the Double Refractor, went to University College London, Mill Hill Observatory, and the Barclay telescope went to Marlborough College in Wiltshire, to be re-discovered, taken apart, restored and computerised in 2003.

Sensitive restorationIn 2004, restoration work was undertaken to repair the exterior of the tower, whose stonework had been eroded by pollution and weather. The project was overseen by the conservation architectural company Inskip + Jenkins, who spent a year researching its history and analysing its fabric and construction before work began. The stonework was cleaned and repaired by cutting out eroded sections and indenting new pieces, which were carved in situ, and the lines of latitude and longitude around the magnificent lead globe, which is supported by the figures of Atlas and Herakles, were gilded with gold leaf.

In 2008 the interior space was rearranged, with the dining room moving from the first

THE RADCLIFFE OBSERVATORY For 161 years from 1773 until 1934, the Grade I listed Radcliffe Observatory played a pivotal role in the historical development of our understanding of astronomy. In its time, it was one of the most important scientific buildings in Europe, and was described by Nikolaus Pevsner as ‘architecturally the finest observatory in Europe’.

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The exterior stonework of the Tower was restored in 2004 The Observatory from the south east from R Ackerman, A History of the University of Oxford, 1814

The Double Equatorial Telescope


floor to the original entrance hall on the ground floor, next to the kitchens in the West wing. Upstairs, in the space which was now the Common Room, the two recesses on either side were opened up (having previously been partitioned off and used as a food servery and lavatories), restoring a monumental neoclassical space which had previously been lost.

In 2012, restoration work was carried out on the Tower Room. The large sash windows were stripped, re-fitted, and re-sashed, and broken panes of glass were repaired with glass shipped in from the Continent. Decoration work saw the room restored to its original 18th century colours, with three shades of grey drawing out the light and shadow effect of its original design.

Grounds and gardensThe basic layout of the garden has changed very little since it was landscaped in the 18th century. In the original design, the emphasis was on the south side of the building, which now faces the Radcliffe Observatory Quarter development. Here, a parkland swept away from the Observatory, separated from a pasture to the west by a ha-ha or sunken ditch, the favourite method of disguising a boundary at that time. The area which is now the main garden was for the Observer’s private

use, and the outline of his original lawns still remains, with the sole addition of the path connecting the Observatory to the College front quadrangle – his stable yard.

Medical research centreWhen the astronomers moved out in 1934, medical scientists within the Nuffield Institute of Medical Research moved in, following the purchase of the Observatory in 1930 by Sir William Morris (later Lord Nuffield), who presented it to the University.

The Institute was established as the central feature of a new Oxford Medical School with special emphasis on research, with the Observatory as its base, despite its unsuitability as a building. The Observatory – ideally located next to the Radcliffe Infirmary – contained offices, an X-ray department in the West wing and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry in the East wing.

The Institute remained at the Observatory until 1970, during which time it gained a reputation for innovation and basic work in several different fields, such as the contraceptive pill and childhood cancer. Its work on fluid flows in the body stimulated the development of cine radiology.

Radcliffe Meteorological StationObservatories needed to make exact observations of pressure and temperature, because accurate observations of stars depended on calibrating the atmospheric effect on them.

The first Observer, Thomas Hornsby, began to make meteorological records at ground level as early as 1774, shortly after the ground floor rooms were built, although he did not publish his records. Subsequent Observers contributed to this work and between 1873 and 1913, daily observations were telegraphed to the Meteorological Office for use in its weather reports. In 1935, the direction of the Station was transferred to the University and the School of Geography, following the departure of the Radcliffe Observers to South Africa.

Originally the Station was erected on a wooden platform beside the globe at the top of the Observatory. This location contravened the above-ground height rules for stations contributing data to the national network, and so when Green College was established, the Station was moved to the garden. Today it is the UK’s longest running meteorological station, where temperature and rainfall records have been collected almost continuously since 1767 and are still collected every day.

The north facade of the Radcliffe Observatory

The Tower Room after restoration work in 2012

The Tower Room after restoration work in 2012


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Pollution and weather damaged stonework on the Observatory exterior

Between 1907 and 1919, the house was the residence of Sir William Osler (1849-1919), one of the most famous practitioners of medicine of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when he was Regius Professor of Medicine at Oxford.

Today, the house remains a source of inspiration for medical scholars all over the world. Now owned by Green Templeton and home to the Osler-McGovern Centre and Osler’s Library, the house provides a ‘living history’ of medical and public health studies at the University of Oxford.

The Osler Years

13 Norham Gardens was built in 1869 as part of the Norham Manor Housing Estate. In 1907, Osler, who had been elected as Regius Professor of Medicine in 1905, purchased the house and took up residence with his family.

Osler was born and studied in Canada and had taught and practiced medicine in several prestigious universities in North America, including McGill and the University of Pennsylvania. He is most famous for his work at Johns Hopkins University, where he began to revolutionise the teaching of medicine after he was appointed Physician-in-Chief at the newly-founded Medical School in 1889. Before Osler, it was not uncommon for medical students to graduate without ever examining a patient or witnessing childbirth. Osler pioneered a shift away from a didactic teaching method – which focused on textbook and lecture-based learning – to teaching at the patient’s bedside. He outlined his approach in The Principles and Practice of Medicine, published

in 1892, which remained the most important authority on medical practice and teaching until the mid-20th century.

In Oxford, Osler continued to develop his teaching in his Sunday morning ward rounds at the Radcliffe Infirmary. He became an important administrator, founding prominent organisations such as the Association of Physicians, and the History Section of the Royal Society of Medicine. During World War I, shortly before his death, he played a major role in setting up tuberculosis, typhoid, pandemic influenza, and other public health programmes in Oxford and around England.

The Oslers turned the house into an intellectual meeting place, known as the ‘Open Arms’ because of the many visitors – including Rudyard Kipling and Mark Twain – they welcomed. It was also home to an extensive library which reflected Osler’s interest in the history of medicine. After his death in 1919, his books were catalogued and sent to McGill University, Canada, where they currently form the Osler Library of the History of Medicine.

The house after Osler

In 1929, Lady Osler died and bequeathed the house to Christ Church College, where Osler had been a fellow. Christ Church subsequently gave the house to the University and for many years it had no distinct use. From the 1950s, the house was used as the home of the University Regius Professors of Medicine, including George Pickering in 1958 and Sir Richard Doll, the Founder Warden of Green College.

Generous contributions from friends close to Green College, including the Patrick

Trust, the McGovern Fund in Houston, Texas, and Dr John P McGovern, enabled the College to purchase the house in 2001.McGovern, a paediatrician and admirer of Osler, also donated funds to establish a lecture series in the history of medicine at the College which continues to this day. Refurbishment followed, with two seminar rooms (formerly the drawing room and dining room) established, and furniture acquired from the London Osler Club at the Royal College of Physicians, London.

In the early 1990s the house became the base of the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, which occupies its top two floors, following the academic link between the College and the Reuter Foundation Journalists’ Fellowship Programme.

Under the ownership of first Green and now Green Templeton College, Osler’s Library has become a centre dedicated to the history of Osler and Oxford medicine, and contains a collection on the history of medicine, as well as the archives of pathologist Robb-Smith, one of Oxford’s premier historians of medicine in Oxford.

13 Norham Gardens is an integral part of Green Templeton’s growing history, as the former home of the founder of Green College, Sir Richard Doll and, most significantly, the place where Osler’s legacy in medical teaching and practice lives on. The Osler-McGovern centre promotes the integration of the art and science of medicine by uniting a community of scholars. Today, the Library is open to visitors and for research by medical students and followers of Osler, and its fine rooms are available for use for small conferences.

13 NORHAM GARDENS AND THE OSLER LEGACY The imposing, Grade II listed 13 Norham Gardens is a fine example of Victorian architecture, but it also has a fascinating past, with links to key figures in medicine and health.

Sir William and Lady OslerThe Library at 13 Norham Gardens


13 Norham Gardens in the 1920s

Some of the artefacts in the Osler Library

In early 2006, Green College and Templeton College began discussing the idea of a merger. Both young graduate institutions with specialisms in particular subject areas, an informal and friendly style and cultures that actively looked to engage with the ‘real’ world, they had much in common.

There were sound reasons for merger on both sides. With responsibility for executive education moving to the University along with the Egrove Park campus in 2005, Templeton was seeking to redefine itself as a graduate college and also seeking a base. For its part, Green was looking to expand its subject areas (to maximise the possibility of cross-disciplinary study) and student numbers.

Their aim was to create a new graduate college of distinction with the resources, facilities and academic breadth that would enhance the graduate student experience. A joint vision took shape during the merger process of a college focused on professional subjects, which contribute to an understanding of key contemporary human welfare issues of the 21st century, with particular strengths in medical and life sciences and management and business studies. A report written for a University working group on the role of graduate colleges by Professor Michael Earl concluded that strong graduate colleges had an academic strategy based on diversification of related disciplines.

A merger offered an opportunity to develop their individual intellectual agendas together in exciting ways, as well as increased resources to attract and support gifted students through scholarships and bursaries and invest in

sporting and social facilities. Merger would also provide financial stability: Templeton had a useful dowry derived from selling its site and executive education business to the University and Green had attractive fixed assets in its main site.

The time and circumstances also appeared to be right. In 2005, the University had approved a strategy of growing graduate student numbers and enhancing support for them. Templeton had committed to the University to relocate from Kennington to central Oxford within 13 years to be nearer the collegiate University. Importantly, the University’s development of the 10-acre Radcliffe Observatory Quarter next to Green into a new academic hub would inevitably lead to a shift of focus northwards and higher visibility for the new college.

There was a special factor which made the merger particularly attractive. Templeton had a Royal Charter, the defining statutory characteristic of an Oxford college. Green was one of three ‘colleges’ without a Royal Charter which technically meant it was a ‘society’ of the University and not autonomous. An understanding existed from Green’s early days that, if it obtained a Royal Charter, ownership of the College site and buildings would transfer from the University to the College. Thus, by the merger, Green achieved full college status and the two merging Colleges took ownership of their main site.

Following discussions between the Dean of Templeton, Professor Michael Earl, and the Warden of Green College, Sir John Hanson, wider confidential, informal consultations took place. It was agreed to go into a formal process of consultation: by this

time, Colin Bundy had succeeded Hanson and worked closely with Earl in all these activities. The idea of merger was received positively by the majority of their respective communities, including students and alumni.

In June 2007, the Colleges signed a Memorandum of Understanding committing them to work towards a merger on 1 October 2008, after the proposal had been agreed by the University Council, following votes in favour by the Colleges’ Governing Bodies.

The University announced the merger on 3 July 2007, the then Vice-Chancellor John Hood, saying: “Opportunities for graduate study are becoming increasingly important in today’s higher education environment. I am therefore delighted that two such distinct and academically vibrant colleges … are joining forces in a move which will undoubtedly benefit students and staff alike.”

The enormous task of making the merger a reality began at the start of the 2007/2008 academic year – the ‘transition year’. People, accommodation, operations, events and statutes all had to be considered and the Royal College of Arms was approached to grant a new coat of arms which combined key elements of the two existing arms.

Fireworks lit up the night sky above the Radcliffe Observatory as, with Lord Patten of Barnes, Chancellor of the University of Oxford, in attendance, it celebrated its first Founders Dinner on 24 September 2008. On 1 October Green Templeton was born.

One objective has certainly been achieved. Nobody talks about Green or Templeton anymore: Green Templeton is here.

THE MAKING OF GREEN TEMPLETON COLLEGE A merger between Green College and Templeton College offered an exciting opportunity to lead the way in graduate education in Oxford.

Dr Colin Bundy (left) and Professor Michael Earl launch the firework display at the first GTC Foundation Dinner

Left: (l to r) Lord Patten, Colin Bundy, Dr John Templeton, Michael Earl, John Hood


erger had brought into being an exciting intellectual agenda and a single common room, where students and Fellows are free to interact with each other across disciplines, facilitating new collaborations and conversations.

Exciting academic initiativesA range of academic initiatives was soon launched, bringing academics and researchers from different areas of expertise together with other professionals, practitioners and policy makers, with GTC providing a forum and meeting place for debate.

The Oxford Health Experiences Institute (HEXI), led by the late Ann McPherson, a GTC Fellow, GP and researcher in the University’s Department of Primary Health Care, was the first. A joint project with the Department, it aims to become one of the major research centres dedicated to understanding the attitudes, values and experiences of people coping with illness or making decisions about their health.

The Emerging Markets Symposium, with its roots in Templeton’s Emerging Markets Forum, aims to bring together influential leaders from governments, the public and private sectors and academe to address sectoral issues critical to human welfare in emerging market countries, to enhance public understanding of those issues; and to promote changes in public and private sector policies and practises to implement their recommendations. To date, Symposiums have focused on Health and Healthcare (2009), Urbanisation, Health

and Human Security (2011) and Tertiary Education (2012).

Other initiatives include the Management in Medicine Programme; the Global Health Policy Programme, the Oxford Praxis Forum and the Future of Work Programme. The College also maintains a year-round programme of lectures, attracting audiences across and beyond Oxford.

Advanced Studies Centre and Western QuadIn September 2010, on Colin Bundy’s retirement, Professor Sir David Watson, Professor of Higher Education Management at the Institute of Education, University of London, became head of house. Although the issue of space had been the subject of discussion since the merger, attention turned in earnest to the College estate and Governing Body set a strategy to develop it to meet the challenges of the coming half-century at least.

Whilst the Observatory provides common and dining rooms, more flexible spaces for meetings, seminars and teaching were scarce. An active calendar of academic and social events, and a desire to provide meeting and working space for Fellows based in departments and research centres, required imaginative solutions.

Plans for an Advanced Studies Centre were drawn up, the first phase of which sees the creation of a unified Library and Learning Resources Centre in the Walton Building. Overseen by the project group chair, Vice-Principal Professor Ingrid Lunt, the medical and management library collections will be merged into a single catalogue (incorporating the collection of the Osler-

McGovern Centre, curated by the College at 13 Norham Gardens) in union with the University’s cataloguing system.

This phase, due for completion in September 2013, will enhance study space for Fellows, Visitors and students in the Octagon and the Hayloft and improve the E P Abraham Lecture Theatre. Phase 2 will provide high-quality academic accommodation and will be undertaken after September 2015.

Ambitious plans for a Western Quad on part of the Radcliffe Observatory Quarter site are also being developed, with a design for buildings drawn up by architects M J Long and Rolph Kentish. While development of a new quad remains in the future, it is hoped that Green Templeton will one day secure the facilities it so richly deserves to support its future vision.

College GovernanceIn 2011, a restructuring of the senior membership to support and more clearly reflect the College’s academic ambitions was finalised. Discussion and review of the numbers and size of the various categories of membership had begun in 2008 when merger created a large Governing Body of 79. The new structure supports 170 core Fellows (including a Governing Body of 60) and 200 affiliated members.

As Green Templeton looks to continue to innovate and refine its vision in the coming years, it finds itself in a strong position to achieve its ambitions. Already firmly established as a centre of excellence in research and with its academic initiatives already impacting on the world around us, our history lies ahead of us.

LOOKING TO THE FUTURE Green Templeton continues to develop its vision with ambitious plans for its academic agenda and its estate.

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The Walton Building (above) will be home to the GTC Advanced Studies Centre (left) GTC is a hub for debate and discussion

Ngaire Woods, Pedro Malan, Michael Earl, and Rodrigo Botero at the Emerging Markets Symposium 2011


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Further readingThe First Thirty Years: ‘A Family Affair’, Desmond Graves (Oxford Centre for Management Studies Association, 2001)

A History of the Radcliffe Observatory: A Biography of a Building, Edited by Jeffery Burley and Kristina Plenderleith (Green College, 2005)

Smoking Kills: The Revolutionary Life of Richard Doll, Conrad Keating (Signal Books Limited, 2009)

Cecil and Ida Green: Philanthropists Extraordinary, Robert R Shrock (MIT Press, 1989)

AcknowledgementsMany thanks to all those Fellows and friends who contributed their knowledge and memories to this short history.

THE GREEN TEMPLETON COLLEGE COAT OF ARMS ‘Or between two flaunches vert on each a nautilus shell the aperture outwards or a rod of Aesculapius sable the serpent azure.’

he coat of arms is a unique and important part of every Oxford college’s identity and in September 2007, the Royal College of Arms designed a new coat of arms for Green Templeton, Oxford’s newest college.

This combines aspects of both Green and Templeton’s former coats of arms and its symbolic heraldry captures the spirit of each of their histories and character.

The arms or shield incorporates two important symbols: the Rod of Aesculapius and the Nautilus shell. The serpent coiled around a staff is a symbol for the healing arts – Asclepius, the son of Apollo, was a practitioner of medicine in Greek mythology – and was at the centre of the Green College coat of arms as it

was founded for students specialising in medicine. The Nautilus shell, which symbolises evolution and renewal, was chosen by Sir John Templeton and adopted by Templeton College in 1984 when it changed its name from the Oxford Centre for Management Studies.

In the full coat of arms, there is a crest featuring a heraldic representation of the sun behind the astronomical symbol for Venus (♀) which is an homage to the historically important transit of Venus across the sun in 1761.

It was this cosmological event, or rather the lack of appropriate facilities in Britain to observe it, that led to the building of the magnificent Radcliffe Observatory, the iconic building at the heart of Green Templeton College.

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GTC is a hub for debate and discussion


Oxford Centre for Management Studies

Chairs of CouncilNorman Chester 1965 - 1975Clifford Barclay 1975 - 1979Ashley Raeburn 1979 - 1985Sir David Rowland 1985 - 1992Sir Bruce McPhail 1992 - 1996

DirectorsNorman Leyland 1965 - 1971Professor Bob Tricker 1971 - 1978Bob Vause (acting) 1978 - 1979Dr Desmond Graves (acting) 1979 - 1980

DeansBob Vause 1977 - 1978Professor Paul Jervis 1979 - 1980

Templeton College (pre Royal Charter)

President/Head of houseDr Uwe Kitzinger 1980 - 1991Roger Undy (acting) 1991 - 1992Dr Clark Brundin 1991 - 1994

DeansBob Vause 1980 - 1983 Dr Rosemary Stewart 1983 - 1985 Tony Rands 1985 - 1988 Roger Undy 1988 - 1991 John McGee 1991 - 1994

Templeton College (post Royal Charter under initial statutes)

President/Head of house Dr Clark Brundin 1995 - 1996 Dr Michael von Clemm 1996 - 1997 Sir David Rowland 1998 - 2002 Richard Greenhalgh 2002 - 2004

DeansDr Rory Knight 1995 - 2000 Dr Marshall Young 2001 - 2002 Professor Michael Earl 2002 - 2004

Templeton College (post Royal Charter under revised statutes)

Chairman of Governing BodyRichard Greenhalgh 2004 - 2008

Dean/Head of houseProfessor Michael Earl 2004 - 2008

Green College

WardensProfessor Sir Richard Doll 1979 - 1983Lord Walton of Detchant 1983 - 1989Dr John Trevor Hughes (acting) 1989 - 1990Sir Crispin Tickell 1990 - 1997Sir John Hanson 1998 - 2006Dr Colin Bundy 2006 - 2008

Vice-WardensDr John Trevor Hughes 1979 - 1983Dr Julian Britton 1983 - 1989Professor Terence Ryan 1990 - 1997Professor Jeffery Burley 1997 - 2002Professor John Sear 2002 - 2007Dr Richard Gibbons 2007 - 2008

Green Templeton College

PrincipalsDr Colin Bundy 2008 - 2010Professor Sir David Watson 2010 - present

Vice-PrincipalsDr Marshall Young 2008 - 2011Professor Ingrid Lunt 2011 - present

www.gtc.ox.ac.uk

Green Templeton College Woodstock RoadOxford OX2 6HG Tel +44 (0) 1865 274770REGISTERED CHARITY NO 1142297

© Green Templeton College Oxford 2012

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