Green & Sustainability - Introduction
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Transcript of Green & Sustainability - Introduction
Presenter: Ravi Teja Pabbisetty 1
Introduction: “Green”
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Define Green !!
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Meaning: Green
Money
New/Beginner
Environment Friendly
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“Green” in today’s perspective
It’s used in a way which portrays an
environment friendly quality of an activity
or a product
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The Way forward !!
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Terms: Impact on the Planet
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Ecological Footprint
It is a measure of human demand on the earth’s ecosystem.
It’s a tool for estimating the consumption (or) depletion of earth’s resources for our day-to-day needs and activities
It is a standard measurement of a unit’s influence on its habitat based on CONSUMPTION and POLLUTION
Units: Global Hectares (gha)
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Bio-Capacity
It is the earth’s capacity to regenerate its resources
The total amount of productive area available
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Ecological Overshoot
It is the deficit created when the human footprint is larger than the biocapacity
It first happened in mid of 1980’s and kept on increasing ever since
In 2003, Total Biocapacity: 11.2 gha
1.8 gha per person Ecological Footprint: 14.1 gha
2.2 gha per person Demand exceeded supply by 25%
Took 1.25 years for earth to regenerate the resources consumed by humans in the year 2003.
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Five Factors influencing Ecological Overshoot
Population Consumption of goods and
services per person Footprint Intensity Bioproductive area Bioproductivity
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Population
Fewer offspring Offering women access to better
education, economic opportunities, health care opportunities are proven approaches
These investments also enhance the health and educational outcomes of their children
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Consumption
Reduction of goods and services per person
• Potential depends on the economic situation
People living below the poverty line have to increase consumption to move out of poverty
The more affluent people can reduce consumption without compromising their quality of life !!
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Intensity of the Footprint
The amount of resources consumed during production of goods and services can be significantly reduced
• Energy Efficiency
• Manufacturing process and equipment
• Home appliances
• Minimizing waste generation
• Reuse and Recycle
• Efficient Transport
• Reduced usage of distance goods
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Bioproductive area
Lands which are degraded can be reclaimed through careful management
Through Terracing and Irrigation, marginal lands can be more productive
Good land management will ensure that the bioproductive areas are not lost
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Bioproductivity
The yield or productivity of an area Depends on the ecosystem and the way it
is managed Agricultural tech can boost productivity but
can also diminish bio-diversity Energy Intensive agriculture and heavy
reliance on fertilizer
• May yield results but at a larger footprint associated with increased inputs
• Impoverish soil which leads to reduced soil fertility
Climate change mitigation can also help maintain yield !!
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India’s Ecological Footprint (2003): 0.8 ghg per person
• Ranked 125th out of 152 nations measured
• Despite this low average consumption per person, due to its large population, India has the 3rd largest total Footprint , exceeded by USA and China
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Global Ecological Footprint
0.0
0.5
1.0
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1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Nu
mb
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CO2 portion of humanity's Ecological Footprint
Humanity's food, fiber, built-up land and nuclear Footprint
Human Demand on Biosphere: Ecological Footprint 1961 - 2003
Source: Global Footprint Network, USA
CO2 Portion of Humanity’s Ecological Footprint
Humanity’s food, fiber, built-up land and nuclear footprint
Our Present requirement – 1.51 earths ! (2007)
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Ecological debt
India: An ecological deficit of 100% approx
• Ecological Footprint: 0.78 gha per person
• Biocapacity: 0.40 gha per person
Debt due to: Rapid growth of population
• India’s per capita Footprint to decrease
• Increased per capita consumption of Fossil fuels
• Greater Carbon Footprint
• Decrease in India’s per capita biocapacity
• 1961: 0.7 gha per person
• 2003: 0.4 gha per person
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Water Footprint
• India has the Largest Total Water Footprint of any country in the world
• 987 billion m3 per year
• India contributes
• 17% to global population
• 13% to global water footprint
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Life Spans of people, assets and infrastructure
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India’s Ecological Footprint
Source: Global Footprint Network, USA
India Footprint, Biocapacity and GDP
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Glo
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P p
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000 U
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Footprint
Biocapacity
GDP
Ecological Debt Growing over time
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How to approach this deficit ?
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Sustainability
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Sustainability
“Sustainable development meets the needs of the present without compromising the future generations ability to meet their own”
World commission on Environment and Development, UN in 1983
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Sustainability - Approach
Triple Bottom Line (TBL) or (3BL)• Captures an expanded spectrum of
values and criteria for measuring organizational success• Economic (or) Financial
• Social
• Ecology (or) Environment
• Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)• Initiatives followed by firms
demonstrating their TBL approach and activities
• “People, Planet & Profit” (or) “The Three Pillars”
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People Human Capital Perceives on implying fair and beneficial
business practices towards labour, the community in the region of their business
Few issues like:• No child labour• Fair pay for its workers• Maintain safe work environment• “Give Back”
• By contributing strength and growth of its community such as health care and education
Quantifying this bottom line is subjective and also problematic• Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) has come up with
guidelines to enable corporations and NGO’s to comparably report on the social impact of a business
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Planet Natural Capital Sustainable Environmental Practices Few issues like:
• No harm to the environment• Operating at better SEC values• Reducing Manufacturing waste generation• “Cradle-to-Grave”
• Uppermost approach for Manufacturing businesses
• Conducting a “Life Cycle Assessment”• Will determine the true impact of the manufactured
product on the environment/ecology
• No disposal of toxic and other harmful wastes into the environment
TBL approach: “ Ecologically destructive manufacturing must not be given a free ride in the society”
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Profit
Economic capital Within a sustainability framework,
the ‘profit’ is seen as the real economic impact the organization has on its economic environment
In TBL approach• Traditional accounting profit + Social &
Environmental impacts, unless the profits of other entities are included as social benefits
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How to aware people of these activities of the companies ?
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Sustainability Reporting
The trend of publishing Financial reports annually or quarterly has been a practice• Done for displaying the financial position of the
firm to the stakeholders As the awareness on the environmental issues
has risen, the stakeholders are required to know the environmental impact of the firm
This led to publishing “Sustainability Report” The key organization which standardized the
reporting format and ensures the quality of the report is “Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)”• Update: GRI G3.1 guidelines released on 23rd
march 2011
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Application Level
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Third Parties Involved with assurance for Sustainability reporting
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Greenhouse Effect
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“Venus is too hot, Mars is too cold, and Earth is just right."
Reason – Green House effect !
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A planet's climate is decided by its mass, its distance from the sun and the composition of its atmosphere
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Temperature depends on Green House effect
Mars has a thin atmosphere 0.03 % of atmosphere is CO2
Temp of (-) 50°C Lower than our deep freeze !
Venus has a thick cloud 95 % of atmosphere is CO2
Temp of 420°C Bake a cake !
"Venus is too hot, Mars is too cold, and Earth is just right."
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Green House Gases (GHG)
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GHG Concentration levels
GWP – Global Warming Potential
GHG Unit 1750 2007 GWP
1 CO2 ppm 280 384 1
2 CH4 ppb 700 1857 25
3 N2O ppb 270 321 298
4 CFC 12 ppt 0 541 10900
5 HFC 134a ppt 0 49 1430
6 SF6 ppt 0 6.4 22800
* Effect of Man-made GHG’s: Equivalent to 1 % increase in power of sun
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Average temp of earth : 15 deg C
Without GHG : -17.8 deg C
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What is Global Warming ?
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Global Warming
The Greenhouse effect helps sustain life on planet Earth !!• The Greenhouse Gases are responsible
• Warming is the output From the Industrial era, the amount
of Greenhouse Gases have risen tremendously • This is creating greater “Warming” than
required
• Effect: Rising Global Temperature
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Global Warming – Stats !!
Global Warming•1880 – 1970 : 0.4°C
• In 2008, the global average surface air temperature was +0.44°C above global mean for 1951-1980 baseline
•10 warmest years have been recorded between 1997-2008
•Average global temperatures for the years 2005 & 2010 are rated the hottest years ever recorded – NASA GISS
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* NASA GISS data
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Climate Change !
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Climate Change
Impact of GHG on climate change• Proven beyond doubt
Several countries • Already impacted by climate change
• Business, agriculture, services, economy affected
Need to evolve a holistic approach globally to combat climate change
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Climate Change - Potential Impacts Sea Level
• Rise of 1-3 feet in the next 100 years
Melting of Glaciers• Threat for drinking water
Health Impacts• Increased disease (particularly
waterborne diseases) Climate
• Erratic monsoons • Droughts• Cyclones
Agriculture• Net Loss in world’s food supply
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Effect on Glaciers
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Himalayan Glacier
Covers 17% of greater Himalayan region
Largest area after polar regions•113,000 square km area
9 largest rives serving 1.3 billion people
Gangotri•Rate of depletion is 3 times more than the
200 year depletion rate
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Gangotri Glacier Retreat
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Effect of sea level rise
6 Crore people have to shift in Calcutta and Bangladesh
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How to tackle this at a global level ??
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Albert Arnold “Al” Gore Jr 45th Vice President of US (93-01)
served under President Bill Clinton Received a Nobel Peace Prize
along with IPCC in 2007 Award winning, popular book and
documentary on “An Inconvenient Truth” (06-07)
Establishments• Generation Investment Management
(founded 2004)• The Alliance for Climate Protection
(founded 04-05) Author, Businessman,
Congressman and an Environmental activist
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IPCC http://www.ipcc.ch/ Intergovernmental Panel
for Climate Change Introduction
• Established by UNEP and WMO• To provide the world with
knowledge on climate change and its potential environmental, socio and economic impacts
A Scientific body•194 countries are a part of it•Head quarters is located in
Geneva, Switzerland
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UNFCCC http://unfccc.int/ United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change Introduction
• Various countries have joined hands in the form of an International treaty
• Established with a focus on what can be done to reduce global warming and to cope with the inevitable rise in temperatures
Kyoto Protocol was framed on 11th December 1997
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Kyoto Protocol An International Agreement on Climate Change
• Adopted in Kyoto, Japan• 16th February 2005 (entered into force)
Introduction • Set binding targets for 37 industrialized
countries and European community to reduce GHG emissions• 5% against 1990 level over 5 year period (2008-
2012)• Established a mechanism to appreciate the
nations which have implemented it• Emission trading• Clean Development Mechanism• Joint Implementation
• These mechanism stimulated the Green Investment market !!!!
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WRI http://www.wri.org/ World Resources Initiative Introduction
• A Global Environment Think Tank
• Provides practical strategies for putting research ideas into implementation on environmental fronts
Work with government, companies and civil society to build solutions to urgent environmental challenges
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CII www.cii.in/ Confederation of Indian Industry Introduction
• Non-government, Not-for-Profit, Industry led and Industry managed organization
• CII catalyses change by working closely with government on policy issues, enhance efficiency and expand business opportunities for Industry
Established 7 Centres of Excellence on different fronts
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CII – Godrej GBC http://www.greenbusinesscentre.com/
Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre Introduction
• A Centre of Excellence• 3rd Green Building in the world, 1st outside
USA• Offers advisory services to industry on
Environmental aspects in the areas of• Green Buildings• Energy Efficiency• Water Management• Renewable Energy• Green business incubation and Climate
Change activities Works closely with various international
organizations like WRI, Global Footprint Network, Climate Leaders, US AID, UNEP, Asia-Pacific Partnership and many others
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Few more Lectures on !!
Energy Efficiency & Renewable New Concepts in the Green World GHG & Climate Change Industrial Ecology Introduction to Green Business Green Economy
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Summary Defined Green ! Terms
• Ecological Footprint• Biocapacity• Ecological overshoot & its factors• Ecological debt
Sustainability• Definition• Approach: TBL• Sustainability Reporting
Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse Gases
• What do they do !• Sector-wise emission figures
Global Warming Climate Change and its Impacts Few Organizations working on these
issues