Green manuring and compost...
Transcript of Green manuring and compost...
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Dr. Wilfried Hartland Team
Zwischenfrüchte und Kompostanwendung
Green manuring and compost use
Blatnice, 3. 10. 2019
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Soil organic matter is decisive for
Soil structure and soil fertility
Water storage and infiltration
+ stabilita agregátů
+ pórovitost
+ infiltrace - & vodní kapacita
→ Flood prevention
→ Erosion prevention
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Prinzip der Humusbilanzierung
Principle of humus balancing
Humuszufuhr· organ. Dünger· Strohdüngung· Gründüngung· Humusmehrer
Humusbedarf· Fruchtart· Boden· Klima
HumussaldoMehrung bzw.Minderung derorganischenBodensubstanz
Site adapted humus balancing method STAND by H. Kolbe
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Bilance humusu
Princip
• Metody dle Leithold a kol. (1997)
• Metody dle Kolbe (2007)
Přísun humusu
• organické hnojivo
• Hnojení slámou
• Zelené hnojení
• Zvyšování humusu
Odběr humusu
• Druh plodiny
• Půda
• klima
humusové saldo
• Zvyšování nebo
• Snižování org.
• Hmoty v půdě
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1 2 3 4 5 6
Hauptfruchtarten
Hackfrüchte: Rüben*, Kartoffeln -510 -610 -710 -660 -760 -900
Mais: Silo- u. Körnermais* -310 -410 -510 -460 -560 -700
Getreide*: einschließl. Öl- u. Faserpflanzen, Sonnenblumen -30 -130 -230 -180 -280 -420
Körnerleguminosen 410 310 210 260 160 20
Mehrj. Feldfutter*
Ackergras, Leguminosen, Leg.-Gras, Gemenge, Vermehrung
je Hauptnutzungsjahr 850 750 650 700 600 460
im Ansaatjahr als Frühj.-Blanksaat 650 550 450 500 400 260
bei Gründeckfrucht 550 450 350 400 300 160
als Untersaat 450 350 250 300 200 60
als Sommerblanksaat 350 250 150 200 100 -40
Zwischenfrüchte*
Winterzwischenfrüchte 370 270 170 220 120 -20
abfrostende Zwischenfrüchte 330
230
130
180
80 -60
Untersaat 450
350
250
300
200
60
* Koppelprodukt (Stroh, Rübenblatt) bzw. Aufwuchs
abgefahren
Standortspezifische Humifizierungskoeffizienten der Fruchtarten (kg Humus-C/ha u. Jahr) nach Kolbe (2007)
Quelle: BFAverändert nach Kolbe (2007)
Humusbedarf
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Prognosis of the soil organic matter
Soil organic matter deficit map
(W. Wenzel, Gruber, 2014)
* Blatnice
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C/N-Verhältnis verschiedener organischer Dünger
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Ergebnis: Kompost fördert Regenwürmer
mineralgedüngt
Mit Kompost
Allolobophpora caliginosa
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Zwischenfrüchte / Begrünungen
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Trifolium resupinatum, Wurzelspitze,
Foto: BFA, M. Sobotik
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Trifolium resupinatum, Wurzelhaare,
Foto: BFA, M. Sobotik
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Release of root mucilage changes water relations
of the rhizosphere
„The addition of the surfactant component of mucilage
can alter the relationship between water content and
soil matric potential (the moisture characteristic curve)
making the soil drier at a given value of matric potential,
especially at high matric potentials“ (Read et al. (2003).
Root exudates can change physical parameters of soil!
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C/N-
Verhältnis
verschiedener
Pflanzenarten
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Wann am besten den Kompost ausbringen:
1) auf die Stoppel, dann Begrünung ohne Leguminosen
oder
2) in die stehende Begrünung vor dem Begrünungsumbruch.
bei 1) wäre holzreicher Kompost oder
holziges Material,
dann kann man auch Begrünungen mit Leguminosen anbauen
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Děkuji za pozornost.
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Luzerne, teilweise mit parasitierten Knollchen
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•Stickstofffixierleistung von Körnerleguminosen• in kg N / ha und Jahr, (nach J. Friedel et al. 2006)
•Kornererbse 50 – 300
•Linse 30 –150
•Wicke 30 –180
•Lupine 50 – 400
•Ackerbohne 100 – 450
•Sojabohne 60 – 300
•Platterbse 30 – 150
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Stickstofffixierleistung von Futterleguminosenin kg N / ha und Jahr, (nach J. Friedel et al. 2006)
Luzerne 80 – 350
Esparsette 50 – 200
Rotklee 80 – 350
Inkarnatklee 50 – 150
Alexandrinerk. 50 – 150
Perserklee 50 – 150
Schwedenklee 30 – 150
Weissklee 50 – 250
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•Parzelle 1 Mischung BFA1
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•Mischung BFA 1
•Leguminosenmischung – teilweise abfrostend
•Saatstärke: 138
kg/ha
•grobkörniger Anteil: •feinkörniger Anteil:
•Platterbse •35 kg/ha
•Ölrettich •3 kg/ha
•Ackerbohne •35 kg/ha
•Phacelia •3 kg/ha
•Sommerwicke •35 kg/ha
•Leindotter •3 kg/ha
•Sandhafer •20 kg/ha
•Perserklee •2 kg/ha
• • •Kresse •2 kg/ha
•Anbau: 04.08.2017
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•Parzelle 13 Mischung BFA3
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•Parzelle 14
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•Bodenprobennahme 14.Mai 2018
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•Mais-Jungpflanzen•Bonitur am 29.05.2018
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