GREEN HOMES : Promotion of Sustainable Housing in Nepal

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Dr. Santosh Shrestha

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the context

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The context

• The rapid urbanisation demands lots of housing stock in urban areas.

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1970

RURAL

63%

URBAN

37%

2000 2030

RURAL

53%

URBAN

47%

RURAL

40%

URBAN

60%

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The context

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The context

• Buildings account for more than 1/3rd of total energy use worldwide (UNEP, SBCI, 2008)

• Buildings are responsible for approximately 30% of greenhouse gas emissions in cities worldwide (OECD report)

• Energy use and carbon emissions occur at different stages of the building cycle

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The context - Nepal

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Additional need of 1 million urban houses from 2011-21

To meet the need for housing,

55 billion bricks i.e. more than 230,000 tera-joule energy

High Urban Growth 4.7 % annual growth more 60% population growth in KTM

Kathmandu - the most densely populated and unplanned region in Nepal,

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Urbanization

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Year Built-up area

Increase rate

ha % %

1967 2,010 2.9

1978 3,362 4.9 67

1991 6,313 9.2 88

2000 9,717 14.2 54

2011 16,216 24.7 67

• Unplanned rapid urbanization is the major issue of the development

of Kathmandu Valley. The figures shown below clearly show this

situation.

Unplanned rapid urbanization is the major issue

of the development of Kathmandu Valley. The

figures shown below clearly show this situation.

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Construction Practices

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From GREEN towards GREY

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Construction Practices - trends & Impact

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Conventional Buildings

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• Phenomenal growth in the construction industry that depends upon depletable resources

• High embodied energy and High CO2 emission

• Do not perform well in severe temperatures (Hot in the Summer and cold in Winter)

• Need high cost for heating and cooling as well

as retrofitting

• Costly construction

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Pollution

• Most polluted city

• Major source - construction industry

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Climate Change Impact

• Kathmandu - most vulneable city (NAPA)

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heat island effect in Kathmandu including high population density and

land use changes

Kathmandu, is subject to

heat island effect as part of

its micro-scale climate

controls.

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Natural Resources Depletion

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Problems

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• The water crisis, the energy crisis, the waste and waste water management challenges

• The bigger challenge is increasing middle class who are so much attracted by the 'western' lifestyle.

• The import of 'luxuries' will be in the expense of high carbon footprints, and the burden of cleaning it.

• This will destroy the local economy that otherwise would have served the ecosystem

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Why green homes?

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Conventional Buildings

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Need to optimize the use of steel, concrete and fire-brick

as well as water

To enhance sustainability and adapting climate change impacts,

TYPICAL LOW RISE BUILDING

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By choosing sustainable building

practices in designing, constructing

and operating and making our home

"greener," we can easily minimize

pollution, protect the natural

environment, and create a healthy,

comfortable, non-hazardous home for

us without putting undue stress on

our natural resources.

Needs

Need

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What is green homes?

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Green Homes??

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Green Homes??

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Green Homes??

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Green Homes??

• Local and traditional houses

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designed, built, and operated to efficiently

maximize resources and creating less of an

impact on the environment.

use of local material and natural resources in such away that they meet the economic, social and cultural needs, but not depleting or degrading these resources to the point that they cannot meet these needs for future generations

assures comfort for human health

sustainable, as well as cost effective to own

and operate

Green Homes: Promoting Sustainable Housing in Nepal

What are Green Homes

Green Homes emit lesser greenhouse gases, consume less energy, use

less water, product less waste and offer occupants healthier

environments than do typical buildings.

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Green Building

• We are talking about the five eternal elements, the Panch Tatwo

o earth o water o fire o air o sky

Efficiently using

energy, water and

other resources

Reducing waste, pollution and

environmental degradation

Protecting occupants'

health

Green Homes: Promoting Sustainable Housing in Nepal

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GREEN HOMES Promotion of sustainable Housing in Nepal

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CSEB Hollow concrete block Strawbale

Earth rammed

Bamboo

Green Homes: Promoting Sustainable Housing in Nepal

Green

Construction

Materials

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Green Homes: Promoting Sustainable Housing in Nepal

Passive Solar

Design

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Green Homes: Promoting Sustainable Housing in Nepal

Energy

Efficiency

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Green Homes: Promoting Sustainable Housing in Nepal

Water

Conservation

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Green Homes: Promoting Sustainable Housing in Nepal

Waste

Management

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how are we addressing it?

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Getting to Green Homes

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Sustainable

Consumption

& Production

UN-Habitat mandate

Climate Change

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How are we addressing it?

• Supply chain analysis

• Capacity building

• Policy facilitation

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Green Homes •Facilitation

Consumer •Price

•Quality •Availability •Reliability

Producer •Technology

•Human Resource •Investment

•Policy framework

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Green Homes: Promoting Sustainable Housing in Nepal

SO1

Create enabling policy environment to promote

sustainable housing

SO3 Stimulating demand

for sustainable housing

SO2 Strengthen supply

chain for sustainable housing and build capacity

of SMEs

Public Sector

Producers Consumers

Green Homes Project Area

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Pokhara

Sub-metropolitan City

Dharan Municipality

Lalitpur

Sub-metropolitan City

Green Homes: Promoting Sustainable Housing in Nepal

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Policy/Guidelines/Code

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Current Policy in Nepal

• The present Constitution of Nepal guarantees the right to clean environment and several environment related Acts and regulations

• Nepal’s Climate Change Policy (2011) is advocating low carbon development and adaptation plans to address the need of climate resilient development

• Urban development is one of the six thematic areas identified under NAPA and the programme suggests for promoting Climate Smart Urban Settlements as one of its priority activity

• National Shelter Policy (2012) also takes into account low carbon development in housing and promotes renewable as well as energy-efficient solutions

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Nepal National Building Codes

• No any separate building code

• Focus on conventional building practices

• Limited incorporation of Green building components

• Some green components are considered as a low cost/strength technologies which is creating negative messages.

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Policy and Guidelines

• Recent Initiatives

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Policy needs

• More specific policies and detail guidelines related to sustainable housing as a whole.

• Provision for eco-friendly housing in National Building Codes

• At municipal level, both adaptation and mitigation measures into municipal planning and service delivery to promote sustianble housing

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Challenges

• No enough studies and research in Nepal context.

Lack of data

Proper technology

Human resources

• Green initiatives - project basic (NGOs & INGOs)

• Unversities and academic institues are mainly focused on conventional technologies

• Engineer mind-set

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Joint Initiative of GoN & Green Homes Project

• DUDBC is reviewing the Draft Green Building Guideline (GBG)

• Coordination Committee of Green Home Project

Detail GB Guidelines (Users/Technical Guidelines) and Green Building code

Conduct necessary research for GBG

Incorporated Green Homes Components in By-laws (Dharan)

Supported to incorporate Green Homes Components in Municiaplities' Planning

Developed incentive mechanism

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Municipalities - Dharan , Pokhara & Lalitpur

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the partnership

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The partners

• Overall implementation

• Training/capacity building

• Water and waste mgmt.

• Energy and Climate Change

• Green building

• SME mobilisation

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Thank you