Green Communications COMNETS2008 Keynote Zhang

7/27/2019 Green Communications COMNETS2008 Keynote Zhang

1/31

02/09/2008

02/09/2008

Honggang ZHANG, Professor, Ph.D.Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, ChinaAugust 28, 2008

(In cooperation with Dr. Tao Chen, VTT, Finland)

COMNETS08 Co-located with CHINACOM08


2/31

02/09/2008

02/09/2008

Global Warming The Most Dangerous Threat


3/31

02/09/2008

02/09/2008

Global Temperatures Increasing & Warming inArctic


4/31

02/09/2008

02/09/2008

Indicators of the Human Influence on the

Atmosphere during the Industrial Era

Source: http://www.phy.cam.ac.uk/ , Prof. David MacKay, Cambridge University
http://www.phy.cam.ac.uk/http://www.phy.cam.ac.uk/


5/31

02/09/2008

02/09/2008

Indicators of the Human Influence on the

Atmosphere during the Industrial Era in Detail


6/31

02/09/2008

02/09/2008

Global Costs of Extreme Weather Events from 19502006

(Adjusted for Inflation)


7/31

02/09/200802/09/2008

Energy Cost and Power Consumption Increasing

with Telecommunications

Telecommunications data volume increases approximately by a factor of 10

every 5 years, which corresponds to an increase of the associated energy

consumption by approximately 16-20% per year. Currently, 3% of the world-wide energy is consumed by the ICT(Information &

Communications Technology) infrastructure that causes about 2% of the

world-wide CO2 emissions, which is comparable to the world-wide CO2

emissions by airplanes orone quarter of the world-wide CO2 emissions by

cars.

Source: 1st International Workshop on Green Wireless 2008 (W-GREEN)


8/31

02/09/200802/09/2008

Energy Cost and Power Consumption Increasingwith Telecommunications (cont.)


9/31

02/09/200802/09/2008

Three key factors power, environment and green spur

the telecommunications industry into green action Energy-saving solutions helping mobile operators meet

commercial and sustainability goals worldwide

Energy costs account foras much as half of a mobile operators

operating expenses, so radio network solutions that improve energy-

efficiency are not only good for the environment, they also make

commercial sense for operators and support sustainable, profitable

business. These costs are rising, in some cases dramatically, due to

high-usage data centers and mobile network expansion, particularly

into rural.

Environmental and energy cost concerns give rise to a number ofsizable business opportunities to service providers - video and

audio-conferencing, international connectivity, Ethernet LAN/IP VPN

(IP Virtual Private Network), storage, power line communications,

storage, RFID tracking, and intelligent transport.

Source: Ericsson Press Release (June 2008)


10/31

02/09/200802/09/2008

Green Communications - Telecommunications Value in

Promoting Environmental Improvement

Source: Saving the climate @ the speed of light, WWF, ETNO

Telecommunicationsapplications can have a direct, tangible impact on

lowering greenhouse gas emissions, power consumption, and achieving

efficient recycling of equipment waste.


11/31

02/09/200802/09/2008

Telecommunications Value in Promoting Environmental

Improvement (cont.)

Source: Deutsche Telekom, November 2007


12/31

02/09/200802/09/2008

Why does Cognitive Radio Make Sense for Green

Communications? IEEE (http://www.ieeeusa.org/forum/POSITIONS/cognitiveradio.html):

A Cognitive Radio is a radio frequency transmitter/receiver that is designed

to intel l igent ly detectwhether a particular segment of the radio spectrum

is currently in use, and to jump into (and out of, as necessary) the

temporar i ly -unusedspectrum very rapidly, without interfer ingwith thetransmissions of other authorized users. Dynamic Spectrum Access

FCC (FCC NPRM, Dec 17, 2003, ET-03-108):

A cognitive radio (CR) is a radio that can changeits transmitter parameters

based on interact ionwith the environment in which it operates. This

interaction may involve act ive nego tiat ionorcommunica t ionswith other

spectrum users and/orpass ive sens ingand decis ion makingwithin theradio.

Cognitive radio technologies include, among other things, the ability ofdevices to determine their location, sense spectrumuse by neighboringdevices, change frequency, adjust output power, and even altertransmission parameters and characteristics.
http://www.ieeeusa.org/forum/POSITIONS/cognitiveradio.htmlhttp://www.ieeeusa.org/forum/POSITIONS/cognitiveradio.html


13/31

02/09/200802/09/2008

NTIA (National Telecommunications and Information

Administration) definition:A radio or system that sensesits operational electromagnetic

environment and can dynamical lyand autonom ous ly ad jus tits radio

operating parameters to modify system operation, such as maximize

throughput, mitigate interference, facilitate interoperability, accesssecondary markets.

Extended definition for science and engineering community: Adaptive, multi-dimensionally environment-aware, autonomous

radio system that learns from its experiences to reason, plan, anddecidefuture actions to meet user needs.

Cognition

the act or process of knowing, including awareness,percept ion, memory, and judgment.

Why does Cognitive Radio Make Sense for Green

Communications (cont.)?


14/31

02/09/200802/09/2008

How does a Cognitive Radio Get so Smart?How does a Cognitive Radio Get so Smart?

Joseph Mitola, Cognitive Radio for Flexible Mobile Multimedia Communications, IEEE Mobile Multimedia Conference, 1999, pp3-10


15/31

02/09/200802/09/2008

Various Philosophies of Cognitive Radio & Networks

[Simon Haykin, 2005]

[UC Davis, 2007]


16/31

02/09/200802/09/2008 Source: E2R Project

How does Cognition Cycle work? Cognitive Radio & Networking

Input - Decision Making -Action

Environment awareness(Input)

External stimuli Sensing

Interpretation & Learning(Decision Making)

Reasoning

Interpretation

Learning

Implementation ofDecision (Action)

Actuation

Parameter change


17/31

02/09/200802/09/2008

Basics of Cognitive Radio Cognitive Radio & Networking

Input - Decision Making -Action

Environment awareness(Input)

External stimuli Sensing

Interpretation & Learning(Decision Making)

Reasoning

Interpretation

Learning

Implementation ofDecision (Action)

Actuation

Parameter change


18/31

02/09/200802/09/2008

The Key Roles of Cognitive Radio (CR)


19/31

02/09/200802/09/2008

General Picture on Cognitive Radio & Networking


20/31

02/09/200802/09/2008


21/31

02/09/200802/09/2008

Dynamic Spectrum Access & Management Opportunities

Courtesy of Dr. Stefan Mangold


22/31

02/09/200802/09/2008

Cognitive Radio & Networking can detect its operating wireless

environment and learn how to adapt and evolve

Cognitive Radio & Networking can adjust itself to handle

anticipated and unapticipated wireless channels and environments

Cognitive Radio & Networking requires:

Sensing Learning & Action Adaptation & Evolution

Cognitive Radio & Networking can achieve an expected quality ofservice (smart transmiting/relaying node) as well as mitigate

interference to neighboring radios (smat receiving/cooperative

node)

Promises of Cognitive Radio & Networking


23/31

02/09/200802/09/2008

Cognitive Radio & Networks Projects in Europe (FP7)


24/31

02/09/200802/09/2008

IEEE SCC 41 (IEEE P1900) Subgroups: IEEE Working Group 1900.1 - Standard Dictionary of Terms, Definitions and

Concepts for Spectrum Management, Policy Defined Radio, Cognitive Radioand Software Defined Radio

IEEE Working Group 1900.2 - Recommended Practice forInterference andCoexistence Analysis

IEEE Working Group 1900.3 - Recommended Practice for ConformanceEvaluation of Software Defined Radio (SDR) Software Modules using Formal

Concepts and Methods Analysis IEEE Working Group 1900.4 Cohabitation of Heterogeneous Wireless

Systems by defining a relevant Distribution ofCognitive Functions between theNetwork and the User-terminal (Supported by E2R Project)

IEEE Study Group A - Dependability and Evaluation of Regulatory Compliancefor Radio Systems with Dynamic Spectrum Access

IEEE SCC 41 (IEEE P1900) - Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks

Source: E2R Project


25/31

02/09/200802/09/2008

Technical Dimensions of Cognitive Radio for Green

Communications (Radio Resource-, Energy- & Networking-Efficiency)

Courtesy of Dr. Jim Hoffmeyer


26/31

02/09/200802/09/2008

Optimizing the energy-efficiency of mobile networks not

only reduces environmental impact, it also cuts network

costs and helps to make communication more affordable

for everyone.

Finding new efficient-energy solutions also helps spread

access to communications by opening up more options

for the sitting of radio sites in a sustainable, low-impact

way, and by reducing overall Total Cost of Ownership.

Cognitive Radio Based New Approaches in GreenCommunications Era


27/31

02/09/200802/09/2008

Bio-inspired Cognitive Radio (Swarm Intelligence) forImproving Networking Performance & Energy-Efficiency


28/31

02/09/200802/09/2008

Bottom-up approach for solving problems of complex systems

Limited local information and no global knowledge of the structure

Collective complexity out of individual simplicity: Union makes Force

A natural model ofdistributed problem solving: no external guidance or central

control Fully distributed control

Individuals follow only a few simple behavioral rules (limited cognitive capabilities)

Emergence: each individual has only a limited set of behavioral and the colony as a

whole exhibits a complex structure Power of interactions

Activity coordination:

Self-organization

Explicit (direct) local communication (peer-to-peer)

Implicit (indirect) communication through the environment (stigmergy)

Self-organization, scalability (works even for an important number of entities),

flexibility (environment adaptation), and robustness (structures spontaneously re-

form in case of mistakes or variation in number of entities)

Features & Advantages of Swarm Intelligence

Source: Tao Chen, H. Zhang, M. Katz, and Z. Zhou, Swarm Intelligence Based Dynamic Control Channel

Assignment in CogMesh, IEEE ICC 2008 Workshops.


29/31

02/09/200802/09/2008

Swarm Intelligence Based Energy-efficient & Spectrum-agile

Approaches in Cognitive Wireless Mesh Networking

Energy-efficient & Spectrum-agileControl Channel Assignment Algorithm

Based on Swarm Intelligence

Source: Tao Chen, H. Zhang, G. M. Maggio, and I. Chlamtac, CogMesh: A Cluster-Based Cognitive Radio

Network, IEEE DySPAN 2007.


30/31

02/09/200802/09/2008

Bio-inspired Cognitive Radio (Swarm Intelligence) for Energy

Efficiency in Vehicular Communications EnvironmentTransportation demand managementsystems can cut down greenhouse gasesproduced by cars and trucks by leveraginglocation-based services, unifiedcommunications services, mobile resource

management systems, and fleetmanagement systems.


31/31

02/09/200802/09/2008

Honggang ZHANG, Professor, Ph.D.Department of Information Science & Electronic Engineering

Zhejiang University

Email: [email protected]

Thank You !
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

Green Communications COMNETS2008 Keynote Zhang

Documents

Transcript of Green Communications COMNETS2008 Keynote Zhang