Green Buildings Behavior Winter 2011€¦ · Green Buildings & Behavior Winter 2011 ... CEE/ES 109...
Transcript of Green Buildings Behavior Winter 2011€¦ · Green Buildings & Behavior Winter 2011 ... CEE/ES 109...
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Green Buildings & Behavior Winter 2011
Creating a Green Student Workforce to Help Implement Stanford's Sustainability Programs
Department: Civil & Environmental Engineering/Earth Systems 109
Course Syllabus
Course Description: Stanford is a leader in resource management, demonstrated through infrastructure improvements and efficiency programs. Yet, great potential exists to couple them with program‐based local actions that promote both resource conservation and an educational environment for sustainability. Local action at a building level directly contribute to conservation, lower utility costs, and generate understanding of sustainability consistent with the Stanford’s commitment to sustainability as a core value. This course will offer an overview on operational sustainability including energy, water, buildings, waste, and food systems, as well as practical training to enable a student to become sustainability coordinators for their dorms or departments. This is the student training component of Office of Sustainability’ various sustainability programs.
Details: • Time: Monday & Wednesday, 2:15‐3:05 PM (1 hour) • Location: Y2E2 Room 105. • Section: No section but TAs will have office hours • Grading: Credit/Non Credit (CEE and ES). Not towards undergraduate
requirement. • Units: 2
Team:
• Faculty sponsor: Jeffrey Koseff (CEE/ES) • Instructor: Fahmida Ahmed (Office of Sustainability) • Building Audit lead: Jiffy Vermylen (Office of Sustainability) • Teaching Assistant: Nick Enge, [email protected]
Contact: Email list: [email protected]
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Course Outcome: After successfully completing this course and assignments, students will be able to
• Articulate campus sustainability principles and key operational areas • Take direct action of greening departments through individual behaviors • Potentially become interns with the Office of Sustainability for advanced research and
implementation at Stanford Class Size: Class limit: 25 students with an interest in campus sustainability At the end of the quarter, the top 10 students, evaluated with the below criteria, will be selected to be ‘Student Sustainability Coordinators’, trained by the Office of Sustainability at Stanford. These students will receive a $500 stipend for their work/quarter to implement Sustainable Stanford’s Building‐Level Sustainability Program over the 10 weeks of Spring quarter.
Class Structure: 2 unit class 18 meetings: (2 hour/week lecture, 2 hours/week out of class work/workshop).
Teaching Methods: Our class will exercise a variety of tutorial methods. We will have a series of guest speakers share their expertise in related fields as well as take field trips, participate in hands‐on demonstrations, group exercises, and even watch relevant films in or outside class. Grading Evaluation: 40% Attendance & participation 20% Quiz on Class Materials
40% Group Project – Responding to the Haas Center for Public Service’s request for a sustainability audit of their building (building 935).
• In groups of 5, prepare a proposal to decrease the environmental footprint of this building. • Prepare a 15‐minute presentation for your client and guest presenters. • Frame your proposal within the scope of a 10‐week implementation period and in
consideration of Stanford resources and campus climate. • Since the class will be learning the same material, the key will be to make innovative yet
deployable and cost‐effective ideas to eliminate waste and reduce emissions. (Optional) Final Individual Interview to become a ‘Student Sustainability Coordinator.’
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Week by Week Schedule: Jan 3 March 9, 2011
• Readings: Where will be weekend reading for Monday’s lecture (technical reading, best practices, popular articles.)
• Class Structure:
o Monday
Lectures: Technical info plus motivational content, guest speakers on each topics, discussion on readings.
Weekly quizzes or reflections on the prior week’s material.
o Wednesday
Onsite workshops
Practical training, learn by doing, may include other field trips.
Week / Topic Date Subjects Speakers
Week 1
SUSTAINABLE STANFORD
Jan 3
Course Overview Expectations, Final project, Class introductions, Office of
Sustainability
Jeff Koseff, Fahmida Ahmed
Jan 5 Climate Action & Stanford
Emissions Inventory, Campus work on Energy & Climate plan
Fahmida Ahmed, Professor Lynn Orr
Week 2
ENERGY
Jan 10
Energy Efficiency in Buildings Professor Gil Masters, Scott Gould
Jan 12 Energy Workshop Audits/Action Jiffy Vermylen
Week 3
Jan 17
NO CLASS Martin Luther King Jr. Day
Jan 19 Green Building Standards at Stanford; SEQ Building and
Programs
Jeff Koseff, Laura Goldstein, Fahmida Ahmed
Week 4 WATER
Jan 24 Water Resources and Conservation Tom Zigterman, Dave Freyberg
Jan 26 Water Workshop Audits/Action Marty Laporte
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Week 5 WASTE
Jan 31 Towards Zero Waste & Procurement
Julie Muir, Stefani Fukishima, Professor Craig Criddle
Feb 2 Waste workshop Audits/Action Julie Muir & PSSI Interns
Week 6 FOOD
Feb 7 Sustainable Food Systems Matt Rothe, Prof. Chris Gardner
Feb 9 Dining workshop Audits/Action Matt Rothe
Week 7 GREENING BEHAVIOR
Feb 14
Behavioral Sustainability Program: What does this mean, pilots, Greening
Haas Center
Fahmida Ahmed, Jiffy Vermylen, Virginia Visconti (Haas Center)
Feb 16 Navigating Stanford & Influencing Behavior
Fahmida Ahmed, Nick Enge
Week 8
Feb 21 NO CLASS President’s Day
TRANSPORTATION Feb 23
Sustainable Transportation Brodie Hamilton
Week 9 TRAINING
Feb 28
Sustainability Coordinator Training (1) Department Audits Checklists
Group work day
March 2 Sustainability Coordinator Training (2) Preparation to pilot
Group work day
Week 10 IMPLEMENTATION
March 7 Group Project Presentations
(All guest lecturers invited)
March 9 Wrap up, Evaluations, Individual interviews for candidate
Sustainability Coordinators
Various
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Proposed Readings: Common reference: Sustainable Stanford website: http://sustainable.stanford.edu The most up to date readings are in Coursework. Week 1: Sustainable Stanford and Climate Change A Student's Guide to Sustainable Living At Stanford. http://sustainable/sites/sem.stanford.edu/files/documents/Stanford_students_guide_sustainable_living; Sustainable Stanford: A Year in Review < http://sustainable.stanford.edu/sites/sem.stanford.edu/files/documents/SSYearReview2009‐10.pdf> Energy and Climate Plan. Stanford University Sustainability and Energy Management, October 2009. http://sustainable.stanford.edu/sites/sem.stanford.edu/files/documents/Stanford_EC_factsheet_2009.pdf http://sustainable.stanford.edu/sites/sem.stanford.edu/files/documents/Stanford_FAQ_factsheet_2009.pdf Weeks 2 and 3: Energy Flex Your Power‐ http://www.fypower.org/ Best Practices for Commercial Office: http://www.fypower.org/bpg/index.html?b=offices Energy Star‐ http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=bygtw.showSplash http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=higher_ed.bus_highereducation CPUC Long Term Energy Efficiency Strategic Plan. California Public Utilities Commission 2009. http://www.californiaenergyefficiency.com/index.shtml http://www.californiaenergyefficiency.com/docs/EEStrategicPlan.pdf Sustainable Design Guidelines < http://sustainable.stanford.edu/guidelines> Week 4: Water 2008 Annual Water Quality Report. Stanford University Utilities Division. pgs 1‐8. http://lbre.stanford.edu/sem/sites/all/lbre‐shared/files/docs_public/2008CCR.pdf California's Water Conservation Resource. Association of California Water Agencies. 2009. http://www.saveourh2o.org http://www.saveourh2o.org/index.cfm/what‐you‐can‐do/ 20x2020 Water Conservation Plan (Draft). California State Water Resources Control Board. April 2009. http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/water_issues/hot_topics/20x2020/docs/comment043009/202020_final_report_draft.pdf Executive Summary pgs ix‐xii, 2. Establishing a Baseline & Targets pgs 11‐25, 4. Implementation pgs 43‐46. Week 5: Zero Waste http://recycling.stanford.edu/5r/index.html The Story of Stuff http://www.storyofstuff.com/ Implementation of a zero waste program at a university campus IG Mason, AK Brooking, A Oberender, JM. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2003 ‐ 202.29.21.6 Stop Trashing the Climate provides compelling evidence that preventing waste and expanding reuse, recycling, and composting programs — that is, aiming for zero waste — is one of the fastest, cheapest, and most effective strategies available for combating climate change. http://www.stoptrashingtheclimate.org/fullreport_stoptrashingtheclimate.pdf
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"Opportunities to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions through Materials Management and Land Management Practices,” by Josh Stolaroff, US EPA Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. http://www.epa.gov/oswer/docs/ghg_land_and_materials_management.pdf Week 6: Food Systems Stanford Dining‐ Sustainable Food System http://www.stanford.edu/dept/rde/dining/food_sys.htm 2005 San Francisco Collaborative Food System Assessment. San Francisco Food Systems. http://www.sffoodsystems.org/pdf/FSA‐online.pdf Executive Summary, Introduction pgs vii‐4 Hoekstra, Arjen Y. "The Water Footprint of Food." Water For Food. 2008, pgs 49‐61 http://www.waterfootprint.org/Reports/Hoekstra‐2008‐WaterfootprintFood.pdf Week 7: Influencing Behavior McKensie‐Mohr, D. Fostering Sustainable Behavior: An Introduction to CommunityBased Social Marketing Available online at: http://www.cbsm.com/pages/guide/preface Introduction (Pages 2‐7); Tools: Commitment (Pages 18‐25); Tools: Prompts (Pages 26‐30); Tools: Norms (Pages 32‐37); Tools: Communication (Pages 38‐49) The Fun Theory http://www.treehugger.com/files/2009/10/worlds‐deepest‐trash‐bins‐behavior‐changing‐inventions.php Week 8: Transportation Toor, W. "The Road Less Traveled: Sustainable Transportation for Campuses." Planning for Higher Education. Vol 31, No 3. Mar‐May 2003, pgs 131‐141 Hamilton, B. "The Transportation Demand Management Experience at Stanford University." TDM Review. Issue 2. 2008, pgs 16‐21 http://transportation.stanford.edu/pdf/TDM_2_2008.pdf "Stanford University Parking and Transportation Services Program Summary." http://transportation.stanford.edu/pdf/program‐summary‐2009.pdf Goldman, T. and R. Gorham. "Sustainable urban transport: Four innovative directions." Technology in Society. Vol 28. 2006, pgs 261‐273 "Bike‐frastructure 101." WorldChanging.com. http://www.worldchanging.com/archives/010404.html
CEE/ES 109 Final Project
Objectives & Goals: Successfully complete a building-level audit Gain a deeper understanding of one topic area and become
an “expert” on that topic within the Haas Center Learn how to present audit results effectively (consultant role) Discover the potential impact of behavioral change on
resource conservation within campus buildings Requirements:
5 – 7 minute oral presentation with PPT visuals Describe audit process & findings Make recommendations for Haas Center Provide “business case” (ROI/payback) for proposed
investment, considering resource savings and equipment costs
HAAS Center Indoor Water Use Statistics (Jan. 2009 - Jan. 2011)
} Effectively 30 full-
time occupants
} Average daily use is 180 Gallons
} Dips represent
Winter, Spring and Summer breaks
} CDC 20,000 sq.ft. } Haas Center
14000 sq.ft. } Water use for
Haas is almost double that of CDC
Haas Average: 180 GPD
CDC Average: 95 GPD
CDC CDC Indoor Water Use Statistics
(Jan. 2009 - Jan. 2011)
93% Toilets/Urinals
Other
} Water use is
dominated by toilets and urinals
} Other includes kitchen water use, sinks & water coolers
} Does not include
landscaping
Haas Center Indoor Water Use (Total 180 GPD)
Current Average: 180 GPD
New Toilets Average: 130 GPD
} Average toilet: 2.24 GPF, rated 1.6 GPF
} Haas Center has 8 toilets
} Toilet recommissioning
Toilets
See Appendix A & B for details
} All faucets have working 1 GPM aerators installed
} On average, each of the faucets are 57% more efficient than posted rating!
} See Appendix C for more information
Faucets
} Reduces water wasted up to 70% by turning off when not in use.
} Eliminates the need to touch the faucet in a bathroom or other public place.
The Automatic Faucet
Dishwasher Hand-wash
4 gallons/cycle* .83 Gallons/minute = 5 minutes of washing
*Average Energy Star dishwasher
} Install one waterless urinal in all bathrooms, yielding a combined savings of 8.75 GPF
} Formalize a no plastic water bottle policy
} Advocate for recycled water for future
1) Fix the toilets
2) Install automatic or metered faucets
3) Consider a dishwasher
Tier 1 Tier 2
Location GPF Measured GPF Rated American Standard Water Wasted
Bathroom 1A 2.2 1.6 Yes 0.6
Bathroom 1AU 1.75 1.6 Yes 0.15
Bathroom 1BH 2.8 1.6 Yes 1.2
Bathroom 1B 2.4 1.6 Yes 0.8
Bathroom 2A 3.1 ? Yes 1.5
Bathroom 2AU 1.5 1.6 Yes -0.1
Bathroom 2BH 2.45 1. Yes 0.85
Bathroom 2B 1.75 1.6 Yes 0.15
Total water saved if fleet of toilets flushed once 5.15
Average wasted per toilet .64
Assumptions for savings from Toilets: • 25 Average full time occupants • 25 daily visitors, roughly equivalent to 5 full time occupants since they stay for an average of 1.5 hours • Total effective occupancy = 30 • Average person uses bathroom 5 times per 16 hour day • Since Haas center is open for only 8 hours, full time occupants will use bathroom on average of 2.5 times per day. • 30 occupants * 2.5 bathroom visits per day = 75 total bathroom visits per day • 5.15 gallons could be saved if all toilets performed at 1.6 GPF each time all 8 fixtures were flushed • 75 bathroom visits per day/ 8 toilet flushes = 9.4 flushes of all 8 fixtures • 5.15 gallons saved if all toilets flushed once * 9.4 times all toilets would be flushed once = 48 Gallons saved per day
Fixture GPM Measured
GMP Rated Aerators Water Saved
(GPM) Bathroom 1A 0.26 1 Yes 0.74 Bathroom 1B 0.28 1 Yes 0.72 Kitchen Main Faucet 0.83 1 Yes 0.17 Kitchen Sub Faucet 0.52 1 No 0.48 Bathroom 2A 0.33 1 Yes 0.67 Bathroom 2B 0.34 1 Yes 0.66 Total Water Saved 3.43
Average savings per faucet .57
Energy Reduc,on Group
Lawrence, Luis, Marielle, Signo
Research
• Computers • Water Coolers • Refrigerators • Ethernet Routers • Monitors • Paper shredders • Typewriter
Computers
• Data: – On: ~120 waHs – Sleep Mode: 35 waHs – Off: 2-‐3 waHs
Computers: Recommenda,ons • Person in charge of common space computers – How many computers are really needed in the common spaces?
– Do any computers need to be on con,nuously during the day?
– Who turns them off at the end of the day? • Small labels on all computers to remind people to turn off when not in use
• Email Haas list to remind people to turn off personal computers in offices when they leave for the day
Computers: Savings
– Remove all common computers except in new cluster: • Save 178 kWh and $20/month
– Remove CRT computers first
Lights
• Chandelier in atrium – On all of the ,me, even when not needed during the day
– No one knows how to turn off • Lack of mo,on sensors in rooms 115A, 102, 215, 314
• Mul,ple light systems in hallways (LOTS of light)
Lights: Recommenda,ons • Pu^ng ,mer on chandelier in atrium (7am – 6pm with ,mer) – 15 W per bulb, 4 bulbs -‐> 20 kWh per month savings ($2.20/month)
– Paid back in 5 months for $11 ,mer • Mo,on Sensors in 4 rooms: – Off 18 hours per day instead of 0, 32 waH bulbs, when on use 2 out of 3 bulbs -‐> total of 56 bulbs
– Energy Savings: 977 kWh – Economic Savings: $108/month – Assuming sensor costs $50 each – 1.9 months to pay back
• Reducing the number of lights on in hallways
Water Cooler/Heater
• 84 waHs average • Cycling on-‐off system • Tank system, not instantaneous
• Used oeen during the day
Water Cooler/Heater: Recommenda,ons
• Timer to turn off from 10pm-‐6am
• 3 coolers in building • Energy Savings = 61 kWh/month
• Economic Savings = $6.70/month
• Break even aeer 4.9 months for $11 ,mers
Other Changes • Hea,ng/Cooling: Avoiding personal space heaters/fans
– Close curtains at night to keep heat in – Use radiant heaters instead of fan-‐forced space heaters or convec,ve radiators
• Power Strips: – In offices for people to turn off everything at end of the day
• Printer/Copier/Scanner – Buy full combina,on units at ,me of next upgrade – Analyze usage to see if fewer machines are needed (health benefits of going up/down stairs)
• Elevator Usage: – Signage at elevator to tell about health benefits of using the stairs (“Use the stairs – find a beHer mate”)
Overall Savings
• Energy: 1237 kWh/month • Economic: $136/month • Carbon Dioxide Emissions Offset: 996 lbs/month • One-‐Time Cost: $244 • Pay Back Period: 1.8 months
Cassidy Horn Nathalia Bailey
Clémentine Stip
} Fair Trade Coffee } Lots of reusable dishes } Many recycling, compost and trash bins, clear
labels for most. } Labeling of Tupperware in fridge } No personal fridges
} K Cups – use other espresso maker } Buy loose-leaf tea (teabags packages not
recyclable) } Consolidate Fridge Items ◦ White Board/Communication! � Items already in fridge � Date of expiration � Notes
} Food Orders
} Su Hong ~3.3mi } Vino Locale ~2.75 mi ◦ Organic food: 70-89% ◦ Local food: 90-100%
} Andronico’s Market ~2.1mi ◦ Organic food: 70-89% ◦ Local food: 70-89%
} Cool Cafe ~1.7mi ◦ Organic food: 40-69% ◦ Local food: 40-69%
} Make sure all trashcans are labeled ◦ Found a few trashcans full of compost ◦ Plastic label is confusing
} Compost bins on every floor } Use reusable dishware for lunch meetings
instead of compostable } Buy silverware
} Give them to co-ops } Use them as mugs } Plant things } Pencil Jars/ Store knickknacks } Painting workshop with Tutoring Program } Store more food } Aluminum trays from food orders: baking!