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Transcript of Green Buildings and Renewable Heating and...
Green Buildings and Renewable Green Buildings and Renewable Heating and Cooling Concepts Heating and Cooling Concepts
in Chinain China
Yanjun DaiYanjun DaiShanghai Jiao Tong University,
Shanghai, China09/17/2010
Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityContents
Demands in China: Why sustainable Demands in China: Why sustainable development?development?
Development of Green Building Development of Green Building
Renewable heating and cooling technologiesRenewable heating and cooling technologies
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Renewable heating and cooling technologiesRenewable heating and cooling technologies
Application of Renewable energy in buildingsApplication of Renewable energy in buildings
SummarySummary
Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityCO2 emission of the worldCO2 emission of the worldCO2 emission of the worldCO2 emission of the worldCO2 emission of the worldCO2 emission of the worldCO2 emission of the worldCO2 emission of the world
Total GHG Emissions in 2004
(excludes land use change)
CO2
Country MtCO2 Rank% of
World Total
Tons CO2
Per PersonRank
United States
of America5,888.7 (1) 19.80% 20.1 (7)
China 5,204.8 (2) 17.50% 4.0 (73)
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China 5,204.8 (2) 17.50% 4.0 (73)
European
Union (25)4,017.1 (3) 13.51% 8.8 (37)
Russian
Federation1,575.3 (4) 5.30% 11.0 (24)
Japan 1,304.2 (5) 4.39% 10.2 (28)
India 1,199.0 (6) 4.03% 1.1 (122)
Germany 856.6 (7) 2.88% 10.4 (27)
United
Kingdom551.3 (8) 1.85% 9.2 (35)
Canada 549.1 (9) 1.85% 17.2 (10)
Korea (South) 507.0 (10) 1.71% 10.5 (26)
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Warming trend of China in 50 yearsWarming trend of China in 50 yearsWarming trend of China in 50 yearsWarming trend of China in 50 yearsWarming trend of China in 50 yearsWarming trend of China in 50 yearsWarming trend of China in 50 yearsWarming trend of China in 50 years
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In the past 50 years, the average temperature of the china’s mainland increases by about 0.68℃.
Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityEnergy supply Comparison
Different from the other countries, in China, almost 70% energy supply comes from Coal.
Energy consumption in building section occupies about 1/3 of the total.
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about 1/3 of the total.
Optimizing the energy supplying structure and clean energy, renewable technologies are important.
…
Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChallenges
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1 2 32002 2010 2020
l i gh t i ngl i gh t i ngl i gh t i ngl i gh t i ng
14%14%14%14%
heat i ngheat i ngheat i ngheat i ngcool i ngcool i ngcool i ngcool i ng
65%65%65%65%
hothothothotwat erwat erwat erwat er
15%15%15%15%
cook i ngcook i ngcook i ngcook i ng6%6%6%6%
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80% new building: high energy consumption
Only 10----15%%%% meet the national standards
95% old building: high energy consumption
Construction area(billion*0.1m2)
2002 2010 2020
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Changing of Shanghai
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Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityContents
Solar thermal industry in ChinaSolar thermal industry in China
Development of solar cooling and heating Development of solar cooling and heating technologiestechnologies
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Application of solar energy in buildingsApplication of solar energy in buildings
SummarySummary
Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityMajor technologies in China
Silica-gel water adsorption chiller
Two stage LiBr-water absorption chiller
Novel configuration of desiccant cooling system
Small size single effect absorption chiller
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Small size single effect absorption chiller
……
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Parameters Performance Unit
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Parameters Performance Unit
Cooling power 8.5 kW
Chilled water 10 ºC
Chilled water flow rate 1.5 t/h
Cooling water inlet 32 ºC
Cooling water flow rate 5 t/h
Hot water inlet 85 ºC
Hot water flow rate 3.6 t/h
COP 0.4
Weight 1.5 t
Power AC 2Φ-220V-50Hz
� Solar adsorption Chiller
� Powered by 55-85oC hot water;
� Suitable to be driven by solar water heater or waste heat from other sources;
� Small mass production
� 10 kW, 20kW,50kW,100kW,200kW
Shanghai Jiao Tong University5kW silica-gel adsorption chiller
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Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Solar cooling, heating hybrid system in a Green Building
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• 2 silica gel water chillers• 150 m2 of U-type ETC; • TGer. = 55-85 °C
⇒ QC = 15 kW, Solar COP=0.15
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Solar coolingused to cool a grain depot in China(2004)
•Solar powered water-heating unit:
•50 m2 of
10kW adsorption chiller
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•50 m2 of evacuated tube collectors
•5kW cooling
0.044 0.048 0.052 0.056 0.060
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
η i / %
( Tc-in
-Tam
) /I(t) / (m2·0C/W)
测 试 值 线 性 拟 合 曲 线
0 500 1000 1500 20000
2
4
6 Q
c COP
cycle
Time (s)
Coo
ling
capa
city
(kW
)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
CO
P cycl
e
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Solar grain cooling (adsorption chiller) (2005) (almost the same as last year)
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Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Solar adsorption cooling in grain depot(2006)
15Yangzhou (2006) Suqian (2006)
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Pavilion of National state power company
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2 adsorption chillers are used
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Two-stage LiBr water absorption chiller
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70kW two stage absorption chiller(Guangzhou, China,1994)
Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySolar driven two stage absorption cooling project in Jiangmen,
Guangdong, China(1997)
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� solar flat plate collectors: 500m2
� Hot water: 75℃; � chilled water: 9 ℃� Cooling capacity: 100kW� Auxiliary heat source: Oil boiler
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Solar absorption cooling in Tianpu Co., Beijing, China(2003)
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Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Solar absorption cooling in Beijing Solar energy institute
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360kW solar cooling project (heat pipe solar collector)
Solar cooling Project in Qingdao
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Solar +waste heat absorption cooling project in QingDao Olympics center
� solar flat plate collectors: 600 m2
� Hot water: 75-90 ℃; � chilled water: 12-15 ℃
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℃
� chilled water: 12-15 ℃� Cooling capacity: 600 kW� Auxiliary heat: waste heat
from power station
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Solar air conditioning in Himing Group
Collector area: 9188m^2
Absorption chiller
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Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityHaiTai Information Plaza, Tianjin
天津市新技术产业园区海泰信息广场
23Broad solar absorption cooling
It is not so successful and stopped till now.
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Hybrid VCS/Two-stage desiccant cooling driven by solar flat plate water collector
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� Cooling capacity of TSDC: 10 kW� Flat plate solar collector� Collector area: 90 m2 (72m2 was used during test)
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Two-stage Solar DCS Installed in Jiangsu, China
TSDC
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TSDC
VAC
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Two-stage Solar DCS using air collector in Shandong, China
� Cooling capacity: 20 kW � Solar air Collector� Collector area: 140 m2
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Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Solar driven ORTS desiccant cooling
50℃℃℃℃~~~~90℃℃℃℃ heat resource
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regeneration
Thickness
Rotation speed
• Thermal COP > 1Thermal COP > 1Thermal COP > 1Thermal COP > 1• Convert more than 50% Convert more than 50% Convert more than 50% Convert more than 50%
solar radiation to solar radiation to solar radiation to solar radiation to capability of capability of capability of capability of dehumidificationdehumidificationdehumidificationdehumidification
Shanghai Jiao Tong University System Design
DW
HS
DEC
CHE
SA
EA
DECRA
CHEDW
EAHS
AA
EAEA AA
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Processside
Reg.side
(a) TSDC
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Processside
Reg. side
Processside Reg.
side
(b) OTSDC
EA EAEA AA
AA
AA
SADEC
RADEC
DECRA
EA
EACHE
HS
AA
HS
CHE
DW
TS
DC
OTSDC
Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySmall size solar absorption chiller
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17kW single effect absorption chiller
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Solar NH3-H2O absorption chiller
NH3-H2O absorption chiller
(air cooled)
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NH3-H2O absorption chiller(water cooled)
(air cooled)
Solar collector
The two stage NH3-H2O absorption chiller can be driven by 85oC heat resource,COP=0.4, chiller water temperature is about 15℃.
Air cooled 2 stage system
Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityContents
Solar thermal industry in ChinaSolar thermal industry in China
Development of solar cooling and heating Development of solar cooling and heating technologiestechnologies
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Application of solar energy in buildingsApplication of solar energy in buildings
SummarySummary
Shanghai Jiao Tong University Roof solar Roof solar collectorcollector
Year round Year round Hot waterHot water
Solar coolingSolar coolingSolar heatingSolar heatingsummersummerWinterWinter
Enhanced Enhanced ventilationventilation
Enhanced Enhanced ventilationventilation
springspringAutumnAutumn
activeactive
passivepassive
ActiveActive
passivepassive
Natural Natural lightinglighting
Reasonable Reasonable windowwindow
concentratorconcentrator++light fiberlight fiber
Energy Energy storagestorage
Energy Energy controlcontrol
Sensible Sensible heatheat
Latent Latent heatheat
Chemical Chemical
shadingshading
Building integrated solar energy utilizationBuilding integrated solar energy utilization
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BIPVBIPV
Power Power supplysupply
Grid Grid connectedconnected
lightinglighting
Chemical Chemical energyenergy
New New materialsmaterials
New New technologytechnology
Other natural Other natural energy energy
sources or sources or assisted assisted energyenergy
Steady energy Steady energy supplysupply
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
The green building in Shanghai (2004)
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The solar cooling project in green building has been listed in “Wisions of sustainability “ in Germany
Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityUse of solar thermal
FunctionsAir conditioning in summer
Floor radiation heating in winter
Hot water supply
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Hot water supply for the whole year
Natural ventilation in spring & autumn To solar
chimneyTo floor heating
To AC terminals
In Shanghai, our experience shows that the solar fraction of this system is about 60%.
Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySolar heating, cooling hot water supplying and
enhanced natural ventilation system
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� Heating area 390m2, heating capacity 25kW, cooling capacity 15kW。� Solar collector:150 m2
� Adsorption chiller:SWAC-10((((SJTU))))� Year round solar fraction is about 60%;
Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityGREEN ENERGY LAB in SJTU (GEL)GREEN ENERGY LAB in SJTU (GEL)
36GEL outside look
Shanghai Jiao Tong University12 key technologies in GEL
super low energyresidential building
Integration technology
BIPV fresh airtotal heat exchanger
building automation radiant heating
and cooling
G E L
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solar air conditioner
residentialheat pump
energy centerSolar/CO2
heat pump hot water
movable macro-CCHP
GHPPCM
GCHP
total heat exchangerG E L
Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityHeating and cooling in GEL
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Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Zero energy house (third floor)
Scheme 1
bed air conditioner
heat pumpWater heater
cooling radiant ceiling
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(carbon dioxide)
heating radiant floor
Solar cooling
central controller
Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityPower control
PV module Inverter 1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
0
Power meter
Controller
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Wind turbine Inverter
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
0
Power meterGEL apartment
Controller
Grid
Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityUse in World Expo’2010
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Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySustainable energy technologies
Solar PV and thermalSolar PV and thermalNew energy carSemiconductor lightingEcological plantingRiver water source and ground source heat River water source and ground source heat
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River water source and ground source heat River water source and ground source heat pumppumpNon-hazardous disposal, minimization and resource recovery technologies for waste treatment…
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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�中国馆中国馆中国馆中国馆 China PavilionSolar PV, rain water recovery, Ice cold storage technologiesSolar PV, rain water recovery, Ice cold storage technologies
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Expo center will be approved with LEED certification, Expo center will be approved with LEED certification, Expo center will be approved with LEED certification, Expo center will be approved with LEED certification, 52% hot water are from solar collectors52% hot water are from solar collectors52% hot water are from solar collectors52% hot water are from solar collectors....
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Shanghai Jiao Tong University
The Expo boulevard under construction
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the Sunlight Valley, leading sunlight
into underground and collecting
rainwater for recycled use
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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River source heat pump cooling and heatingNatural lightingWater & heat recovery……
Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityPerformance center
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Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityComprehensive Renovation Project of the Nanshi Comprehensive Renovation Project of the Nanshi Comprehensive Renovation Project of the Nanshi Comprehensive Renovation Project of the Nanshi Power Plants Power Plants Power Plants Power Plants
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� Solar PV� Wind turbine� Water resource heat
pump� Active natural lighting� Natural ventilation� Green materials� Water recovery� LED lighting
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
1. 太阳能光伏发电技术实施方案太阳能光伏发电技术实施方案太阳能光伏发电技术实施方案太阳能光伏发电技术实施方案Implementing scheme of Solar PV technology
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Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityContents
Solar thermal industry in ChinaSolar thermal industry in China
Development of solar cooling and heating Development of solar cooling and heating technologiestechnologies
50
Application of solar energy in buildingsApplication of solar energy in buildings
SummarySummary
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Roadmaps of solar air conditioning technologies
Objectives in the near future • Solar cooling units suitable for use of solar hot water supply
and heating system;
• Development of small capacity solar cooling units;
• Integration with building energy systems.
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• Integration with building energy systems.
• Cost and size reduction…
Long term plan• Low cost and high efficiency;
• Developed industry for solar cooling products and services;
• Important role among the sustainable cooling technologies.
Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityApplication prospect
If the solar collectors can be used efficiently for cooling, 0.2 billion ㎡solar collector can produce cooling with technology advancement is shown in the table below. (I=700W/㎡)
Time (solar collector,
℃
COPsolar Cooling capacity (kW)
Daily cooling
Number of AC unit
Conditioned area(AC
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collector,80℃)
capacity (kW) cooling time
(sunny day)(h)
AC unit(1.5HP)COP=3
area(AC load=100W/m2)
present 0.15 21 million 5~8 h 6 million 0.21 billion ㎡
After 5 years
0.25 35 million 6~8 h 10 million 0.35 billion ㎡
After 10 years
0.35 49 million 7~8 h 14 million 0.49 billion ㎡
Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySummary
Undergoing a process of industrialization and urbanization, China faces huge pressure on the environment.
Being one of the biggest developing Country, China has to pave its way towards sustainable development, especially in the energy supplying field.
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especially in the energy supplying field.
Energy consumption in building section is huge for China, and must be transferred towards sustainable development ASAP.
Building integrated solar energyBuilding integrated solar energy utilization is a good way towards sustainables in the coming future.
Thank Youfor Your Attention!