LOW CARBON GREEN BUILDINGThe Low Energy Office (LEO) & Green Energy Office

(GEO) Building Experience

Steve Anthony LojuntinPrincipal Energy Engineer

Energy, Manufacturing, Green Building/Township & Green ICT Division (EMBIT)Malaysian Green Technology Corporation

Tel / SMS :+6019-2829102 Email: asetip@damansara.net

LEO Building

GEO Building

RELATION BETWEEN CLIMATE CHANGE, GHG AND GREEN TECHNOLOGY

PROBLEM!

CLIMATE CHANGE

IS THE PROBLEM

[MAINLY CAUSED

BY GREEN HOUSE

GASES (GHG)]

SOLUTION!

GREEN

TECHNOLOGY AND

GREEN LIVING IS

THE SOLUTION

GHG : Carbon dioxide, Methane, NOx, SOx, CFC, etc

Green Technology?

Green technology is the development and application of products,equipment, and systems used to conserve the natural environment and resources, which minimises and reduces the negative impact of human activities

� Minimises the degradation of the environment.

� It has zero or low green house (GHG) emission.

� It safe for use and promotes healthy and improvedenvironment for all forms of life

� It conserves the uses of energy and natural resources; and

� It promotes the use of renewable resources.

Brief about Green Building

What are Green or Sustainable buildings ?

• Save energy and resources, recycle materials and minimise the emission of toxic substances throughout its life cycle,

• Harmonise with the local climate, traditions, culture and the surrounding environment, and

• Able to sustain and improve the quality of human life whilst maintaining the capacity of the ecosystem at local and global levels.

• Savings and increase workplace productivity.

Brief about Green Building

Green / Sustainable / Low Carbon Buildings

Green Technology Involved- Energy - Indoor Environment- Water Management- Material used- Site construction-

Green Habits / Thinking- Awareness / Responsibility- Procurement- Operation & Maintenance- Recycling

Common Green Building Criteria

General Green Building System

LOW CARBON BUILDING(Malaysia)

1. Energy

2. Water

3. Indoor

environment

4. Waste

Alternative under

development

� PRIVATE INITIATIVE �

Gov. Initiatives

-CASBuild for

BCIS (GreenTech Malaysia –

consultancy projects)

- GreenPASS(CIDB)

Conventional Green Building System

Good New to the Industry

Low Carbon Building System

Building

LifecycleUse, Management &

Maintenance

[Higher CO2 footprint]

Pre -

Design

Decline,

Demolit

ion /

regenera

tion

Design &

Development

Normally addressed by

most Green Building

Tools

[Embodied CO2 footprint]

FACT! Most of the CO2e emission is during the operation phase !!

Only Low Carbon Building Assessment System address this issue !!!

Carbon emission in a life cycle of a building

Brief about Low Carbon Building

What are the Low Carbon buildings ?

• Low Carbon Building is similar to the conventional green building system which promotes uses of green technology and green habits to reduce the degradation of the environment.

• Use Carbon as metric for references to achieve the actual environment impact and not based on points collected.

• Use UNEP SBCI Common Carbon Metric.

Brief about Low Carbon Building

What are the Low Carbon buildings ?

• Straight forward, transparent, easy to implement, consistance, easy to monitor since based on actual performance. Measurable, recordable, comparable, justifiable, can be monitor and easy to proof.

• Cheaper and affordable since it is straight forward and focus only the relevant criteria that have high impact (lower $$$/CO2 reduction cost).• Global trend - Relevant and gain popularity at international level.

Why Low Carbon Building System is Affordable ?

The longer the way = $$$$$

Cheaper way

Carbon Exist in Most of the Green Building Criteria

WHERE DOES THE CARBON COME FROM?

Chances to reduce carbon emission

Sumber: Laporan IPCC

Building sector has the higher chances to reduce carbon emission in a township

WHY LOW CARBON GREEN BUILDING IS SUPERIOR?

� Easy to evaluate the actual performance through its life cycle.

� Straight forward and transparent of accounting emissions through carbon footprint.

� Has potential for carbon trading purposes (if applicable).

� Complement to the existing conventional GB system by helping to narrow the gap and maturing the green building industry.

� Supporting government efforts for reaching national climate reduction target for 2020

� Provide flexibility for designers to achieve the design target.

� Economical and affordable by all stakeholders

Green Technology / application in Buildings to reduce carbon foot print

-The green technology in building is mostly refer to the technology and applications that has impact to the Energy and Environmentrelated to building services

a) Design : Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy & Water Management.

b) Office appliances

c) Operation: Energy management in the O&M.

d) Renovation / retrofits

e) Other - Paper and water recycling

- Indoor air quality.

- Solid waste management / separation

f) End users awareness

Relation between use of energy and the environment

Kawasan 2007Semenanjung Malaysia 0.684 kg CO2 / kwj

Sarawak 0.873 kg CO2 / kwj

Kawasan Barat Sabah 0.807 kg CO2 / kwj

Kawasan Timur Sabah 0.709 kg CO2 / kwj

Sumber: Laporan Penanda Aras Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Malaysia

2007 oleh Pusat Tenaga Malaysia.

0.684 kg of CO2 emitted to the atmosphere for each 1 kWh electricity generated by power plant (Peninsula Malaysia)

Examples of EE, RE & Green Building in Government Building

Continuous Improvement project of Energy Efficient / Low Carbon buildings in Malaysia

Energy Indices ( kWh/m2year)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Normal Buildings

Typical Consumption200 – 300 kWh/m2year

2001 2006 ( 2015) Benchmark year:

LEO Building

EC Building

GEO Building

EE in Building Guideline (1989), reference for MS1525

136

MS 1525:2007 – Code of Practise Use of EE & RE for Non-residential buildings

Green Energy

(PV)

Solar Electric

generation

Energy

Consumption

Understand the factors affecting the energy

consumption in buildings that contribute main carbon emission

KeTTHA’sKeTTHA’s Low Energy Office (LEO) Building Low Energy Office (LEO) Building

: ENERGY DESIGN ELEMENTS: ENERGY DESIGN ELEMENTS

• Solar PhotoVoltaic – Building grid connected

• Rain water harvest system

LEO : SUSTAINABLE ELEMENTSLEO : SUSTAINABLE ELEMENTS

ENERGY-10 OptimisationEnergy Saving Features in LEO Building

Energy Index kWh/m2year

0 1000 200 300

275Reference Case

247Daylight use

223 EE Lighting 22 - 16

195Equipment 27 - 20

173EE Light 16 - 8

123 EE Equipment 20 - 7.5

112"Energy Management”

102Room Temp 23 - 24 degrees

100Especially Tight Building

100

239Insulation in walls and roof

EE in Building Guideline Target

TargetCurrent

Average

Monitoring & PerformanceMonitoring & Performance

114

Monthly Energy Index for LEO Building [kWh/m2/year]

64

38

29

16

38

29 28 27

3330 31 32

2924

26 25 23

29

20

3229

2731

2730

26 25

18

35

2631 30 32 35 33

30

2426 29

36

111

9490

7883

88 9087

92

87 88 87

79 80 77 7880

7773

80 81 79 8078

74

81 7976

82

92 90 89 90

95 9489 88

83

100

149

122

106

116112

115 117120 122

118120

116

103106

102100

109

97

105109 108 110

107 108

99

106

97

111108

123121 122

124128

124

113 114112

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Design

Oct 04

Nov 04

Dec 04

Jan 05

Feb 05

Mac 05

April 05

May 05

June 05

July 05

Aug 05

Sept 05

Oct 05

Nov 05

Dec 05

Jan 06

Feb 06

Mac 06

April 06

May 06

June 06

July 06

Aug 06

Sept 06

Oct 06

Nov 06

Dec 06

Jan 07

Feb 07

Mac 07

April 07

May 07

June 07

July 07

Aug 07

Sept 07

Oct 07

AVERAGE

AVERAGE

Energy Index [kWh/m

2/year]

Cooling Energy Consumption [kW h] Elec trical Energy Consumption [kW h] Building Energy Index [kWh/m2/yr]

Building Energy Index

(Based on Energy Bills)

64

38

29

16

38

29

28 27

33

30 31 32

29

24 26 25

23

29

20

32

29

27 31

27 30

26

25

18

35

26

31

30 32 35

33

30

24 26 26 24 24 25

25 30 30 30

34 31

28

32 30

-

28

64

36

111

94

90

78 83 88 90

87

92

87 88 87

79 80

77 78 80

77

73

80 81

79 80

78

74

81 79

76

82

92 90

89

90

95

94

89

85 88 89 93

90

87

93

91

89

94

91

90 92

87

-

86

36

100

149

122

106116

112

115

117

120

122

118

120

116

103

106

102

100

109

97

105 109

108

110

107

108

99

106

97

111

108

123

121

122

124 128

124

113

110 114

113 116

116

113

122

120

119 128

122

118 124

118

100

115

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Month

[kWh/m

2/yr]

Chilled Water-Cooling Index [kWh/m2/yr] Electrical Energy Index [kWh/m2/yr] Bui lding Energy Index [kWh/m2/yr]

Average Building Energy Index (BEI) in Parcel B

[kWh/m2/yr]378

315

278

196

233253

322349

123

321

268

236

167

198215

273296

114

-

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 E4/5

Blocks

[kWh/m

2/yr]

AVERAGE (3276 hrs/yr) AVERAGE (Normalised to 2646hrs/yr)

COMPARISON OF BUILDING ENERGY INDEX FOR COMPARISON OF BUILDING ENERGY INDEX FOR

PARCEL B WITH LEO BUILDING (E4/5)PARCEL B WITH LEO BUILDING (E4/5)

- Daylighting (almost 100%)- EE lighting + task lights- EE office equipment (laptops, LCD monitors, networked printers)- Green IT Network & server room (75% wireless network)- EE air conditioning & ventilation- Floor slab cooling (For radiant cooling and thermal storage)

- PCM storage cooling system (minimised air-cond chillers capacity)

- Controls & Sensors (VSDs, VAVs, CO2, BMS / Energy monitoring)

- Double glazing (heat and sound insulation)

- Roof and wall Insulation (reduce outside heat gain)

- Grid connected BIPV system (Sell energy to TNB / no batteries)

- Rain water harvest system (landscape, aircond and cleaning)

GreenTech Malaysia’s Green Energy GreenTech Malaysia’s Green Energy Office (GEO) Building Office (GEO) Building : DESIGN ELEMENTS: DESIGN ELEMENTS

MONTHLY GEO BUILDING ENERGY PERFORMANCE8,824

8,368

6,993

8,213

9,394

9,523

8,586

8,205

8,796

9,109

9,105

10,312

8,968

8,234

10,067

9,511

8,052

8,539

6,762

7,268

7,419

8,407

6,148 8,744

10,660

0

25,876

16,724

25,784

27,981

22,251

24,851

23,635

24,954

23,777

29,102

28,012

28,417

20,244

18,466

20,110

17,456

16,066

17,323

16,410

16,737

16,198

14,995 19,600

17,700

6,102

0

97.9

63.0

96

110

90 92 91 9388

111104105

7569

7565 62 64 63 62 60 62

7368

23

0

33 32 3036 35 33 30 33

37 3440

33 3237 35

31 3226 27 28

35

2334

40

00

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

Energy Consumed / Energy Generated [kWh/month]

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

160.0

180.0

BEI [kWh/m

2/year]

kWh PV kWh Total BEI [kWh/m2/yr] BEI PV Linear (BEI [kWh/m2/yr] )

kWh PV 8,824 8,368 6,993 8,213 9,394 9,523 8,586 8,205 8,796 9,109 9,105 10,312 8,968 8,234 10,067 9,511 8,052 8,539 6,762 7,268 7,419 8,407 6,148 8,744 10,660 0

kWh T otal 25,876 16,724 25,784 27,981 22,251 24,851 23,635 24,954 23,777 29,102 28,012 28,417 20,244 18,466 20,110 17,456 16,066 17,323 16,410 16,737 16,198 14,995 19,600 17,700 6,102 0

Num of Days 13 31 30 31 30 31 31 28 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31 31 28 31 30 2 0

BEI [kWh/m2/yr] 97.9 63.0 96 110 90 92 91 93 88 111 104 105 75 69 75 65 62 64 63 62 60 62 73 68 23 0

BEI PV 33 32 30 36 35 33 30 33 37 34 40 33 32 37 35 31 32 26 27 28 35 23 34 40 0

Avera

ge

Avera

ge

(with

July

08

Aug

08

Sept

08Oct 08

Nov

08Dec 08 Jan 09 Feb 09

Mac

09Apr 09

May

09

June

09

July

09

Aug

09

Sept

09Oct 09

Nov

09Dec 09 Jan 10 Feb 10

Mac

10Apr 10

May

10

June

10

Monitored Building Energy Index

MONTHLY GEO BUILDING CO2 EMMISSION PERFORMANCE

18

11

17.53 19.03

15.13 16.90

16.07 16.97

16.17

19.79

19.05

19.32

13.77

12.56

13.67

11.87

10.92 11.78

11.16

11.38

11.01

10.20

13.33

12.04

4.15

0.00

6 6

4.76 5.58 6.39

6.48

5.84

5.58

5.98

6.19

6.19

7.01

6.10

5.60 6.85

6.47

5.48

5.81

4.60 4.94

5.04

5.72

4.18

5.95 7.25

0.00

12

6

12.78

13.44

8.74

10.42

10.23

11.39

10.19

13.60

12.86

12.31

7.67

6.96

6.83

5.40

5.45

5.97

6.56

6.44

5.97

4.48

9.15

6.09

0.00

0

5

10

15

20

25

CO2 Emmission [Ton Co2/m

onth]

Emmision [Ton CO2] Offset Emmision by PV [Ton CO2] Net Emmision by GEO Building [Ton CO2]

Emmision [Ton CO2] 18 11 17.53 19.03 15.13 16.90 16.07 16.97 16.17 19.79 19.05 19.32 13.77 12.56 13.67 11.87 10.92 11.78 11.16 11.38 11.01 10.20 13 .33 12.04 4.15 0.00

Offset Em mision by PV [Ton CO2] 6 6 4.76 5.58 6.39 6.48 5.84 5.58 5.98 6.19 6.19 7.01 6.10 5.60 6.85 6.47 5.48 5.81 4.60 4.94 5.04 5.72 4.18 5.95 7.25 0.00

Net Em mision by GEO Bui lding [Ton CO2] 12 6 12.78 13.44 8.74 10.42 10.23 11.39 10.19 13.60 12.86 12.31 7.67 6.96 6.83 5.40 5.45 5.97 6.56 6.44 5.97 4.48 9.15 6.09 (3.10)0.00

Ave

rage

Ave

rage

(wit

July

08

Aug

08

Sept

08

Oct

08

Nov

08

Dec

08

Jan

09

Feb

09

Mac

09

Apr

09

May

09

Jun

e 09

July

09

Aug

09

Sept

09

Oct

09

Nov

09

Dec

09

Jan

10

Feb

10

Mac

10

Apr

10

May

10

Jun

e 10

The GEO Building: CO2 Emission

Emits = 140 ton CO2/yr= 44 kg CO2/m2/yr

NET = 66 ton CO2/yr= 20 kg CO2/m2/yr

Energy (& CO2) Savings

= 492,125 kWh/yror RM 195,374 per year

Energy saved

= 492,125 x 0.614= 302,165 kg/year CO2= 302 tones CO2/year

CO2 saved

Tariff B (Low Voltage Commercial Tariff) for all kWh

39.7 sen/kWh

0.614 kg of CO2 emitted to the atmosphere for each 1 kWh electricity generated by power plant (Peninsula Malaysia)

GEO BEI = 65(Conventional) BEI = 220

155 kWh/m2year

Old tariff B ; 40.8 sen/kWh

a/c area 3,175 sq.m

= 3,366,475 kWh/yror more than RM 700,000 per year

= 3,366,475 kWh/yr x 0.614 kg CO2/kwh= 2,067,016 kg/year CO2= 2,067 tones CO2/year

LEO BuildingMEGTW-LEO BEI = 100(Conventional) BEI = 275

175 kWh/m2year

a/c area 19,237 sq.m

Tariff C128.8 sen/kWh

Savings = 70%

Net saving = 85%

Savings = 56%

Pow ered by a simple CASBuild Engine

Result of Carbon reduction without any cost (10% Saving in Putrajaya in 2010)

Buildings

Buildings

www.greentownship.m

yPortal to track your energy, water and

carbon emission

35

Performance Criteria for GHG Reductions for Cities

• Urban Environment

• Urban Transportation

• Urban Infrastructure

• Building

• Urban Environment (20)

• Urban Transportation (8)

• Urban Infrastructure (7)

• Building (7)

• Urban Environment (5)

• Urban Transportation (4)

• Urban Infrastructure (4)

• Building (2)

Save Green Save Future

35

Performance Criteria are measurable strategies to reduce

carbon emission through:-- Policy control, Technological development, better process & product management, change in procurement system, carbon capture, consumption strategies & others.

Guidelines and Code of Practice on Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Building to achieve Low Carbon

Buildings

� Development and Publication of EE in Buildings Guidelinesby Ministry of Energy, Telecommunications & Post, 1989.

� MS1525 : 2001 – Code of Practise Use of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy for Non-residential Buildings(Revised in 2007) by SIRIM.

� Malaysia Industrial Energy Audit Guidelines, a handbook for energy auditors by KTAK, PTM and UNDP-GEF, 2003.

� Guidelines for Conducting Energy Audits in Commercial Buildings by KTAK & PTM, 2004.

� Design Strategies for Energy Efficiency in New Buildings (Non-Domestic) by KTAK, DANIDA & JKR, 2004.

� Energy Efficiency & Conservation Guidelines for Malaysian Industries by KTAK, PTM and UNDP-GEF;- Part 1 : Electrical Energy-use Equipment, 2007.- Part 2 : Thermal Energy-use Equipment (2010)

� Low Carbon Cities Framework & Assessment System (2011) by KeTTHA and GreenTech Malaysia with collaboration with MIP

Green Technology

TECHNOLOGIES CAN BE CONSIDERED TO REDUCE

CARBON EMISSION

(ENERGY EFFICIENCY, RENEWABLE ENERGY, WATER MANAGEMENT AND

GREEN PRACTICE)

- Daylighting - EE lighting + task lights- EE office equipment (laptops, LCD monitors, networked printers)- Green IT Network, system & appliances- Green server room, High temperature server room.- EE air conditioning & ventilation- Storage cooling system (minimise chillers capacity)

- Controls & Sensors (VSDs, VAVs, CO2, BMS / Energy monitoring)

- Double glazing (heat and sound insulation)- Roof and wall Insulation (reduce outside heat gain)

- Grid connected BIPV system (Sell energy to TNB / no batteries)- Rain water harvest system (landscape, aircond and cleaning)- Water management, Awareness & Operation & Maintenance

Summary of Features that helps to reduce carbon

Thank You

Get copy of paper? - Tel / SMS :019-2829102

Building Consumption Input System (BCIS)

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LEO Building

GEO Building