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Transcript of Greeks&Romans Chapter Four. Greece Origins of Greek civilization City-states Pericles ...
Greeks Greeks
& &
RomansRomans
Chapter FourChapter Four
GreeceGreece Origins of Origins of
Greek Greek civilizationcivilization
City-statesCity-states
PericlesPericles
Indo-European people took over the Greek Indo-European people took over the Greek peninsula by 1700 B.C.E. peninsula by 1700 B.C.E.
By 600 B.C.E. Greek civilization rose to By 600 B.C.E. Greek civilization rose to prominence rapidly w/ strong city-statesprominence rapidly w/ strong city-states
Each city-state had its own govt, typically either Each city-state had its own govt, typically either a tyranny of one or a few rulersa tyranny of one or a few rulers Or an aristocratic councilOr an aristocratic council Citizenship Citizenship Polis – Polis – city statecity state Demos -Demos - the people the people Sparta - strong military aristocracySparta - strong military aristocracy Athens - more diverse commercial state that was Athens - more diverse commercial state that was
proud of its artistic and intellectual leadership proud of its artistic and intellectual leadership Pericles - democratic political structure where Pericles - democratic political structure where
each citizen could participate in govt each citizen could participate in govt Political decline soon set in for the city-states as Political decline soon set in for the city-states as
Athens and Sparta vied for control of Greece Athens and Sparta vied for control of Greece during the Peloponnesian Warsduring the Peloponnesian Wars
Greek city-statesGreek city-states
Greek CultureGreek Culture
PantheonPantheon Greek Gods - Zeus, Apollo, Neptune, Greek Gods - Zeus, Apollo, Neptune,
Mars, VenusMars, Venus
LiteratureLiterature SapphoSappho SophoclesSophocles Iliad, OdysseyIliad, Odyssey
Greece ContinuedGreece Continued
Alexander Alexander the Greatthe Great
Hellenistic Hellenistic AgeAge
- Philip II of Macedon conquered GreecePhilip II of Macedon conquered Greece- his son Alexander the Great took over his son Alexander the Great took over
& extended the Macedonian Empire & extended the Macedonian Empire throughout the Middle East and Egyptthroughout the Middle East and Egypt
- Conquered & established colonies for Conquered & established colonies for trade trade
merging of Greek art and culture with merging of Greek art and culture with other Middle Eastern forms and had other Middle Eastern forms and had influence well beyond the end of the influence well beyond the end of the empireempire
Alexander’s Empire and theAlexander’s Empire and the Hellenistic Hellenistic World c. 323 B.C.E.World c. 323 B.C.E.
RomeRome
Punic WarsPunic Wars
Julius Julius CaesarCaesar
AugustusAugustus
800 BCE – started as a monarchy in central 800 BCE – started as a monarchy in central Italy Italy
509 BCE - Aristocrats kicked out the 509 BCE - Aristocrats kicked out the monarchy monarchy
Law codes - Law codes - 12 Tables, by 450 B.C.E.12 Tables, by 450 B.C.E. Roman influence widened during the three Roman influence widened during the three
Punic Wars (264 to 146 B.C.E.) - Rome Punic Wars (264 to 146 B.C.E.) - Rome fought and defeated the armies of the fought and defeated the armies of the Phoenician city of Carthage led by Hannibal.Phoenician city of Carthage led by Hannibal.
45 B.C.E. Julius Caesar45 B.C.E. Julius Caesar First lifetime dictator (emperor) First lifetime dictator (emperor) Power of Senate decreasedPower of Senate decreased
Augustus Caesar, seized power in 27 B.C.E.Augustus Caesar, seized power in 27 B.C.E. reestablished Constitutionreestablished Constitution SenateSenate pax Romanapax Romana
Roman Coliseum
Ruins of the Roman Senate
Roman EmpireRoman Empire
The Expansion of the Roman The Expansion of the Roman Empire, 133 B.C.E.Empire, 133 B.C.E.
Roman Economy & SocietyRoman Economy & Society
AgricultureAgriculture poor soilspoor soils market farmsmarket farms
TradeTrade graingrain luxuriesluxuries
SocietySociety slaveryslavery familyfamily
RomeRome
Pax RomanaPax Romana
476 CE476 CE
ChristianityChristianity
ConstantineConstantine
Pax RomanaPax Romana - 200 years of peace and - 200 years of peace and prosperity to the entire Mediterranean prosperity to the entire Mediterranean worldworld
The empire suffered a slow fall that The empire suffered a slow fall that lasted about 250 years; generals sought lasted about 250 years; generals sought greater power & poor citizens in cities greater power & poor citizens in cities rebelledrebelled
Invading peoples from north conquered Invading peoples from north conquered Roman Empire in Roman Empire in 476 C.E.476 C.E.
Christianity became official religion of Christianity became official religion of Roman Empire b/c numbers of Roman Empire b/c numbers of Christians had increased & Christians Christians had increased & Christians refused to place the state (nation) above refused to place the state (nation) above their Godtheir God
Legacies of Greece & RomeLegacies of Greece & Rome
The greatest The greatest political political legacies of the legacies of the Mediterranean Mediterranean cultures werecultures were
No single Greek political style, but No single Greek political style, but democracydemocracy is the most famous. is the most famous.
Classical Mediterranean political theory Classical Mediterranean political theory involved:involved: ethicsethics duties of duties of citizenscitizens skills, such as oratory. skills, such as oratory.
an intense an intense loyalty to the stateloyalty to the state, a , a preference for aristocratic rule, and the preference for aristocratic rule, and the development of a uniform set of legal development of a uniform set of legal principles.principles.
Governments supported an Governments supported an official official religionreligion, but tolerance of other faiths was , but tolerance of other faiths was the normthe norm
Religion and CultureReligion and CultureReligionReligion
PhilosophyPhilosophy
SciencesSciences
Several religions - complex set of gods and Several religions - complex set of gods and goddesses who were seen as regulating human goddesses who were seen as regulating human lifelife
Models of moral philosophy were developed, by Models of moral philosophy were developed, by such men as Aristotle and Cicero, who like such men as Aristotle and Cicero, who like Confucius, taught the importance of moderation Confucius, taught the importance of moderation and balance in human behaviorand balance in human behavior
Socrates taught followers to question using Socrates taught followers to question using rational inquiryrational inquiry
Greek advanced in geometry and anatomyGreek advanced in geometry and anatomy Greatest Roman Greatest Roman contribution to the sciences - contribution to the sciences -
engineering engineering In the arts and literature, the Greeks had few In the arts and literature, the Greeks had few
equals, particularly in sculpture, architecture, and equals, particularly in sculpture, architecture, and plays. plays.
The Romans mimicked but rarely surpassed the The Romans mimicked but rarely surpassed the Greek innovators in these fields.Greek innovators in these fields.