Greek Lesson 3 Alphabets

7/26/2019 Greek Lesson 3 Alphabets

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Learning To Use

New TestamentGreek

Lesson IIIRex A. Tanchuan



αalpha



β beta



γ gamma



δdelta



εepsilon



ζzeta



ηeta



θtheta



ιiota



κ kappa



λlambda



µmu



νnu



ξxi



οomicron



πpi



ρrho



σ, sigma



τtau



υupsilon



φphi



χchi



ψ psi



ωomega



Phonemes

•From Greek –φονη (σουνδ, ϖοιχε

•A sound represented by a letter

–Big / pig Εξοµεν– We have

Εξωµεν – Let us have



Morphemes

•From Greekµορφη (reference to form)

•Smallest unit of meaning in any givenlanguage

–letter / couple of letters that make 1sound

•The apostle talks to the people.

•The apostle talked to the people.

λυω – I loose λυσω – I shall loose

πιστο – faithful

απιστο - unfaithful



Vowels

•Seven Vowels:

α – alpha

ε – epsilon

ι – iota

ο - omicron

υ – upsilon

ω - omega



Diphthongs

When two vowels combine to make onesound, it is called a dipthong. There areseven dipthongs in Greek:

Diphthong Pronunciation Example Definitionαι aisle

ιων “age” (cf. eon)

ει eight ειρηνη “peace” (cf. Irene)

οι oil οικος “house” (cf. economy)

υι suite υιος “son”

αυ Faust υτος “self” (automobile)

ευ f eud ευλογητος “blessed” (eulogy)

ου sou p ουρανος “heaven” (Uranus)



Consonants

• Consonants produced by interferingwith the flow of air from the lungs.

• Classified three ways:1.How one interferes with the flow

–Manner of articulation

2.Where one interferes with the flow

–Place of articulation

3.Whether the vocal chords vibrate inproducing the sound



Consonants

• Manner Of Articulation– Involves either:

•Complete interruption of flow of air

•Incomplete restriction of flow of air– Stops (β ,δ)

– Continuances (φ, θ)

• Place Of Articulation

– At the lips -µ, π

– At or just behind the teeth – dentals -δ, τ

– At the palate – gutturals (γ, κ )



Consonants

• Four Sibilants– “s” sounds

ζ, ξ, σ, ψ

Three with double letters –ζ, ξ, ψ • Three Aspirates

– letters combined with an “h”

Θ, φ, χ

• Four Nasals

– Breath passes through the nose (liquids)

Λ, µ, ν, ρ



Breathing Marks

• The rough breathing is pronounced like an "h",and looks like a backwards comma written overa vowel.

• The smooth breathing is not pronounced at all,

and looks like a regular comma written over avowel. Note the difference between "en" and"hen":

• There are two marks over the epsilon in "hen";the first is the rough breathing, the second is theaccent.



Greek Punctuation

•Punctuation not used in ancientGreek

•Most printed copies today usethem.•, and . are same as English

•: and ? Same in function, different

in form

. = : and ; = ?



Greek Accents– Acute ‘

– Grave ̀

– Circumflex

• Importance is twofold:1.Distinguish between identical words

ει’ means “if”

ει’ circumflex means “you are”

2.Which syllable is stressed

Greek Lesson 3 Alphabets

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