Greece III -- Athens -- Polis and Acropolis

109
Greece III Classical and Hellenistic Ages: Political and Aesthetic Developments

Transcript of Greece III -- Athens -- Polis and Acropolis

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Greece III

Classical and Hellenistic Ages:

Political and Aesthetic Developments

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East & West in the Ancient

World:Contact, War,

and Cultural Exchange

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Timeline of Greek Art and Architecture

900-700 BC Geometric Period

700-480 BC Archaic Period

480-323 BC Classical Period

323-31 BC Hellenistic Period

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Cultural Exchange in the Ancient World

700-480 BC Archaic Period 700–500 BC Orientalizing Period

480-323 BC Classical Period

323-31 BC Hellenistic Period

Period of True Fusion

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The Geometric PeriodThe Geometric Period

900-700 BC

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Phyxis(Box with

Lid)

Geometric

Period

750 BC

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Funerary

Amphora

Geometric

Period

750 BC

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Funerary

Krater

Terracotta

Geometric Period

Mid 8th century

BC

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Statuette of Man and

Centaur in

Combat

Geometric Period

ca. 775 BC

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Statuette of a Horse

Geometric Period

Bronze

8th century BC

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2D 3D

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The Orientalizing PeriodThe Orientalizing Period

700-500 BC

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Corinthian Orientalizing Vase

Corinth, Greece

620 BC

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Mesopotamian Connections

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Mesopotamian Connections

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Lion Killing Bull Marble Pediment

ca. 525-500 BC

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Lion Killing Bull Persepolis Relief

6th c. BC

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Persian Connectio

ns

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Statue of a Kouros (Youth)

Marble590 BC

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Egyptian

Connections

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Kleobis & Biton

Marble

590 BC

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Egyptian Connections

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Auxere Kore

Crete,640 BC

Acropolis Kore

Athens,540 BC

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Peplos Kore, Athens, 530 BC = Minoan + Egyptian

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Architectural Tile Fragment – 6th c. BC

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Temple of Apollo at Corinth Early 6th c. BC

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Temple of Heraca. 550 BC

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Temple of Poseidon & Athena at Sounios

7th c. BC

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The Archaic PeriodThe Archaic Period

600-480 BC

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Major DevelopmentsMajor Developments

1. Development of Democratic Government

2. Growth of the City-State: “POLIS”

1. Urban Planning and Civic Architecture

2. State Religion

3. Geographical Expansion of Greek Civilization (Italy, Asia Minor)

4. Refinement of Greek Stylistic Language

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Stoa (Covered Walkway) of Agora (Assembly)

Athens, 5th c. BC

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Theater Delphi, 4th c. BC

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Stadium Delphi, 4th c. BC

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Treasuryof

Athens at Delphi

Delphi

4th c. BC

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Sanctuary of Apollo at

Delphi

Greece

6th c. BC

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Temple of Apollo at Delphi373 BC

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Greek Expansion into

Asia Minor

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Urban Planning

River City of Priene

Ionia,Asia Minor

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Urban Planning

Coastal City of Miletus

Ionia,Asia Minor

6th c. BC

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Persian Empireca. 559-330 BC

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Timeline of Ancient Persian Rulers

559-530 BC Cyrus the Great

521-486 BC Darius I

486-465 BC Xerxes I

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Cylinder of Cyrus

Ca. 550 BC

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Persian vs. Babylonian Empire

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Persian vs. Egyptian Empire

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Persepolis

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Persepolis

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ApadanaAudience Hall of King Darius I

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Stairway to Audience

Hall

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Persian Soldiers – Wall Relief

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Columns of Persepolis

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Animal Design of Capitals

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Gates of the Winged Bull

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King Darius

Difference and Similarities with Mesopotamia

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Xerxes(?!)Xerxes(?!)

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Greco-

Persian

Wars

500-480 BC

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Herodotus

“The Father of History”

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The Classical PeriodThe Classical Period

480-323 BC

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Doryphoros

Hipshot Pose

Classical

450 BC

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Diadoumenos

Classical

Marble

430 BC

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Diskobolos

Classical

Marble

5th century BC

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Grave Stele

Little Girl with Doves

Classical

Marble

450 BC

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Fragment of Relief

Demeter and Persephone Giving

the Gift of Grain

Classical

Marble

450 BC

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Statue of Irene

Symbol of Peace

Classical

Marble

375 BC

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Akroterion

Sculptural Detail from

Grave Monument

Classical

350 BC

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Acropolis at Athens

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Acropolis –Plan

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Acropolis – Reign of Periclesca. 448-429 BC

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Acropolis of Athens

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Temple of Athena Nike Mid 5th c. BC

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Propylea

Monumental Gateway to

the Acropolis

448-437 BC

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Propylea Today

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Erechtheum

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Erechtheum – Ionic Order

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Porch of the Caryatids

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Parthenon

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Doric Order 447-432 BC

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Golden Age of Greek

Philosophy

Socrates

469-399 BC

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Golden Age of Greek

Philosophy

Plato

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Golden Age of Greek

Philosophy

Aristotle

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Alexander the Great (d. 323 BC)

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Alexander the Great’sMacedonian Empire

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The Hellenistic PeriodThe Hellenistic Period

323-31 BCFusion of East and

West

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Hellenistic Kingdom of Pergamon2nd c. BC

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Great Altar of Zeus – West Facade

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PergamonGreat

Altar of Zeus

Plan

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PergamonGreat Altar of Zeus – West

Facade

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Great Altar of Zeus – Detail of Frieze

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Laocoon

HellenisticSculpture

50 BC

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Head of Ptolemy II

or III

Hellenistic Egypt

Bronze

ca. 230 BC

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Head of Ptolem

y Philom

eter

HellenisticEgypt

Bronze

ca. 150 BC

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PtolemaicFunerary

Architecture

HellenisticEgypt

3rd c. BC

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“Dhu-l Qarnain”

Alexander as a UniqueUnifying Force

between East and West

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“Iskandar”in Persian art

Persian MiniaturePainting

15th century AD