QW- 8-13-10

How would you define the word:

Government?

• You crashed on a deserted island!!!!

• With no chance of rescue, you need to work together as a class to build a community.

• In order to survive everyone must be given a role, but first you must create a rulebook for your island.• You need to name your island

• Decide who will perform the following duties: hunt, explore the island, cook, make shelter, fish, or care for the ill

• How will you determine if someone is breaking the rules• What, if any will be the punishment for breaking the rules?• Are there any other rules your island must have?• How will you make the rules and who will make them?

The Story of

The Why…• Throughout history people have recognized the need for a system of exercising authority and control for their society

• Small groups of people often do not need a formal organization

• However the larger the group, the need for formal organization grows

The Why…• There have been chieftains, kings, pharaohs, who have often had total control

• Of course over the course of history, large groups of people began to believe they could govern themselves without a powerful ruler

• This idea of self government is going to take us to our first area of study, Athens; were the people begin to create a limited democracy

Geography of Greece• Greece is a small

country in Europe.• Greece is near the

Mediterranean Sea.• The main part of Greece

in on a peninsula.• A peninsula is a body of

land surrounded by water on three sides.

• The rest of Greece is made up of islands.

• The shape of Greece will influence its early government

Greek City-States

• Because Greece is made up of many islands, and has many tall mountains, the Greeks began to build city-states instead of one country.

• A city-state is a city with its own laws, rulers, and money.

• City-states were cities that acted like countries.

Greek City-States• Although Greeks within

the city-states had similar traditions and trusted the same gods, they often fought with one another.

• Everyone was stubborn and believed that their city-state was better than all other city-states.

• As a result, different city states created different governments

Athens• Athens was another important Greek city-state.

• The people of Athens wanted to rule themselves and not have a king or queen.

• Athens became the world’s first democracy around 508 B.C.

• A democracy is a government in which all citizens can vote and have equal say in what happens.

Democracy in Athens

• Athens was a democracy because all citizens could vote, but only half the people in Athens were citizens.

• Women, people born outside of Athens, and slaves could not vote.

Quick Think…• What two factors led to early

Greeks forming different types of governments?

• Geography and • belief that your city state was superior

Types of Government

• Government: a system for controlling society

Monarchy

• State Ruled by a king

• Rule is hereditary• Some rulers claim

divine right

Aristocracy• State ruled by nobility• Rule is hereditary and

based on family ties, social rank, wealth

• Social status and wealth supports authority

Oligarchy• State ruled by a

small group of citizens

• Rule is based on wealth or ability

• Ruling group controls military

Direct Democracy

• State ruled by its citizens

• Rule is based on citizenship

• Majority rule decides votes

Sparta

• Sparta was a Greek city-state.• Sparta was very powerful and had its

own army.• Sparta conquered other city-states to

gain wealth and power.• There were three classes of people in

Sparta.• Citizens, non-citizens, and slaves.

Sparta’s Classes

• Only men born in Sparta were citizens.• Women were not allowed to become

citizens, however, women were allowed to own land and businesses, which gave them more freedom than other Greek city-states.

• The second class in Sparta was people who came from other city-states or other countries. They could own businesses but not become citizens.

• The third class was slaves.

Sparta warriors

• Learning to read and write in Sparta was not very important.

• Training to become a good soldiers was important.

• Young boys were taken from their parents and trained to be soldiers as well as good in sports such as running.

• Girls were also trained to be good in sports.

Athens

• Athens was another important Greek city-state.

• The people of Athens wanted to rule themselves and not have a king or queen.

• Athens became the world’s first democracy around 508 B.C.

• A democracy is a government in which all citizens can vote and have equal say in what happens.

Democracy in Athens

• Athens was a democracy because all citizens could vote, but only half the people in Athens were citizens.

• Women, people born outside of Athens, and slaves could not vote.

Pericles

• Pericles was the leader of creating democracy in Athens.

• He had many buildings constructed.

• Pericles had the Parthenon and the Acropolis built.

Parthenon and Acropolis

Education in Athens

• Education was very important in Athens.

• Boys went to school to learn to read and write. They also learned many sports.

• Girls were not allowed to go to school or learn to play sports.

The Greek Alphabet

• The Greeks borrowed their alphabet from the Phoenicians.

• Most European languages, including English borrowed ideas from the Greek alphabet.

Socrates• Socrates was a

philosopher of Ancient Greece.

• A philosopher is someone who tries to explain the nature of life.

• Socrates taught by by asking questions. This method of questioning is still called the Socratic method.

Plato

• Plato was a student of Socrates.

• He started a school called The Academy.

• Plato’s writing took the form of a dialogue between teacher and student.

Aristotle

• Aristotle was another Greek philosopher and student of Plato.

• He wrote about science, art, law, poetry, and government.