Greater Vernon Water Annual Report 2017 2014

Prepared for: Interior Health and RDNO

Contributors: RDNO Utilities Department

Regional District of North Okanagan

9848 Aberdeen Road, Coldstream, BC

June 29, 2018

Greater Vernon Water Annual Report

2017

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Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 1

BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................... 1

WATER SYSTEM OVERVIEW .................................................................................................. 2

Sources and Treatment .......................................................................................................... 2

Separated Non-Potable Water Sources ................................................................................. 5

Distribution System ................................................................................................................ 5

System Control – Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Software ................... 7

Pressure-Reducing Valve Stations (PRV) .............................................................................. 7

WATER SYSTEM VALUE .......................................................................................................... 8

Asset Management Investment Plan ...................................................................................... 8

CAPITAL WORKS PROJECTS .................................................................................................. 9

Water Supply and Distribution System Upgrading .................................................................. 9

WATER MAINS .........................................................................................................................10

Water Main Breaks ................................................................................................................10

New Water Mains ..................................................................................................................10

STAFFING ................................................................................................................................10

RDNO Engineering Staff Overview .......................................................................................11

Operators Overview ..............................................................................................................11

SOURCE ASSESSMENTS AND SOURCE RESPONSE PLANS .............................................13

Duteau Creek ........................................................................................................................13

Kalamalka Lake.....................................................................................................................16

MONITORING PROGRAM .......................................................................................................18

Source and Treatment Testing Parameters ...........................................................................20

Turbidity ................................................................................................................................20

Chemical Analysis ................................................................................................................21

Treatment Testing Parameters ..............................................................................................21

Distribution Testing Program .................................................................................................22

Bacterial Test Results ...........................................................................................................24

EMERGENCY RESPONSE / NOTIFICATION/ COMMUNICATIONS .......................................26

Water Quality Notification and Communication .....................................................................26

CUSTOMER CALLS AND RESPONSE ....................................................................................28

CROSS CONNECTION CONTROL PROGRAM .......................................................................29

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WATER CONSUMPTION .........................................................................................................30

WATER SUSTAINABILITY AND DEMAND MANAGEMENT ....................................................33

Conservation-Oriented Water Rates ......................................................................................33

Water Efficiency Education Programs - Agricultural Program ................................................34

Water Efficiency Education Programs - Urban Program ........................................................35

Drought Management ...........................................................................................................36

LONG TERM IMPROVEMENTS ...............................................................................................38

CONCLUSION ..........................................................................................................................38

REFERENCES .........................................................................................................................39

APPENDIX 1 .............................................................................................................................41

SOURCE (RAW) WATER COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS ...................................................41

Kalamalka Lake Raw Water Summary ..................................................................................42

Physical - Chemical (Table 18, 19, 20) .................................................................................42

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) ...................................................................................44

Turbidity ................................................................................................................................44

Biological – Microbiology - Bacteria in Source Water ............................................................46

Total Organic Carbon (TOC) .................................................................................................47

Nutrients ...............................................................................................................................48

Duteau Creek Raw Water Summary .....................................................................................49

Physical – Chemical .............................................................................................................49

Bacteria in Source Water ......................................................................................................54

Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) ....................................55

APPENDIX 2 .............................................................................................................................56

WATER TREATMENT ..........................................................................................................56

Turbidity Statistics .................................................................................................................57

Turbidity and Treatment Targets ...........................................................................................57

Mission Hill Water Treatment Plant (UV Disinfection) ............................................................57

Ultra Violet Transmittance (UVT) (Figure 32) ........................................................................57

MHWTP Monthly Averages ...................................................................................................58

Duteau Creek Water Treatment Plant ...................................................................................59

Aluminum .............................................................................................................................59

Total and Dissolved Organic Carbon ....................................................................................59

APPENDIX 3 .............................................................................................................................62

TREATED WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ......................................................................62

GVW Water Distribution Summary ........................................................................................63

Physical – Chemical .............................................................................................................63

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Kalamalka Distribution System 2017 Averages .....................................................................64

Duteau Creek Water Treatment Plant / Duteau Distribution System .....................................65

Physical – Chemical .............................................................................................................65

Duteau Distribution System 2017 Averages ..........................................................................68

Chlorine - By Products in Distribution Water .........................................................................69

Duteau Distribution System TTHM ........................................................................................69

Kalamalka Distribution System THM .....................................................................................71

Duteau Distribution System THAA ........................................................................................74

Extra HAA Sites ....................................................................................................................75

Kalamalka Distribution System THAA ...................................................................................76

Lead .....................................................................................................................................78

Perclorate .............................................................................................................................78

Distribution Bacteria Statistics (Figures 46, 47) .....................................................................78

APPENDIX 4 .............................................................................................................................81

QUALITY CONTROL AND ASSURANCE PROGRAM .........................................................81

2017 Quality Assurance and Quality Control Summary .........................................................82

Recommendations ................................................................................................................84

APPENDIX 5 .............................................................................................................................85

GVW Distribution System Maps ............................................................................................85

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LIST OF ACRONYMS AO Aesthetic Objectives AWWA American Water Works Association BPMS Backflow Prevention Management Software CCC Cross Connection Control CCCO Cross Connection Control Officer CCCP Cross Connection Control Program CoV City of Vernon CR Coldstream Ranch DAF Dissolved Air Flotation DCWAPR Duteau Creek Watershed Assessment Response Plan DCWTP Duteau Creek Water Treatment Plant DoC District of Coldstream DOC Dissolved Organic Carbon EOCP Environmental Operators Certification Program FLOC Flocculent GCDWQ Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality GUDI Groundwater under Direct Influence GVW Greater Vernon Water IH Interior Health IMAC Interim Maximum Acceptable Concentration MAC Maximum Acceptable Concentrations MF Membrane Filtration MHWTP Mission Hill Water Treatment Plant MPN Most Probable Number NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Units OBWB Okanagan Basin Water Board ONPG Ortho-nitrophenyl-b-D-galactopyranoside P/A Presence/ Absence PAC Poly Aluminum Chloride PRV Pressure-Reducing Valve RDL Read Detection Limit RDNO Regional District of North Okanagan RP Reduced Pressure Principle Assembly RPD Relative Percent Difference SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition software TAC Technical Advisory Committee TCU True Color Units THM Trihalomethane TOC Total Organic Carbon UVT Ultra Violet Transmissivity WQI Water Quality Indicators

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INTRODUCTION As required by the British Columbia Drinking Water Protection Act, the Regional District of North Okanagan (RDNO), Greater Vernon Water (GVW) provides the following annual report in accordance with our conditions on permit. This report provides an overview of annual consumption data, updates on water source assessments and response plans, water monitoring plan, emergency response plan, cross connection control program, environmental operators’ certification program, and a summary of the 2017 water quality analysis. This report outlines where water comes from in the Greater Vernon Water service area, how it is distributed, and how it is treated to ensure it is safe to drink. Drinking water can be a complex issue and much of the information provided in this report is technical in nature. Please contact GVW (phone: 250-550-3700 or email: utilities@rdno.ca) should you have any questions.

BACKGROUND GVW is a regional water system that supplies and delivers water to customers in the City of Vernon (CoV), the District of Coldstream (DoC), and Electoral Areas “B” and “C”. Based on the 2016 census, and service connections the population served is approximately 55,000. GVW also supplies and delivers water to customers in Electoral Area “D”, and bulk water to the Township of Spallumcheen. The RDNO owns and manages the GVW water system in addition to operating the supply and treatment facilities, while the CoV and DoC are contracted for the operations and maintenance of the distribution system. In British Columbia, a community water system must hold a “Permit to Operate” as directed in the Drinking Water Protection Act and Drinking Water Protection Regulations passed May 16, 2003 by the Province of B.C. and follow the Health Canada Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (2017) and the Technical Documents. Interior Health (IH) has advised GVW that “Under the legislation, the province has increased the basic expectations around assessing water systems, certifying operators and suppliers, and monitoring and reporting on water quality. The legislation gives provincial drinking water officers (i.e. Interior Health) increased powers to protect water sources from contamination by a drinking-water health hazard. In addition, the drinking-water officers will oversee a source-to-tap assessment of every drinking-water system in the province to address all potential risks to human health.” This report outlines the programs and projects GVW has developed and implemented to meet the aforementioned policies and legislation.

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WATER SYSTEM OVERVIEW GVW holds fifty-seven (57) water licences and supplies water to customers via six (6) surface water sources. Duteau Creek supplies the largest water volume to the GVW service area, with both raw non-potable and potable water. Kalamalka Lake intake is the second largest water supply and provides potable water only. There are two intakes on Okanagan Lake which service two small potable water systems, the Outback and Delcliffe (these two water systems are reported to IH separately). The remaining two GVW surface water sources are used for agricultural non-potable use. Goose Lake functions as an open reservoir, receiving water from the Duteau Creek Water Treatment Plant (DCWTP), to provide non-potable water to agricultural customers on the western edge of the GVW service area. Deer Creek (King Edward Lake) provides non-potable water to a limited number of Coldstream agricultural customers combined with some groundwater. GVW also manages four groundwater wells: Coldstream Ranch (CR) Well #1 and #2 and Antwerp Deep and Shallow Wells. Of these four, CR Wells #1 and #2 are currently in service to supply agricultural non-potable water. The Antwerp Deep Well and CR Well #1 are maintained and monitored for domestic emergency supply if required. The GVW wells are considered in the Master Water Plan as part of the long term water supply and for emergency backup. Applications for groundwater licences (per Water Sustainability Act regulations) have been forwarded to the Province of BC and GVW is awaiting confirmation of their approval. GVW has approximately 22,350 service connections. There are approximately 700 active farm or agriculture status connections (1050 total connections), 1,300 commercial, institutional, or industrial connections and approximately 20,000 residential connections. All active service connections are metered.

Sources and Treatment Duteau Creek

Duteau Creek supplies domestic and agriculture water for Greater Vernon Water. It is a controlled watershed with seven (7) earthen dams forming the Aberdeen Plateau Reservoirs, which are comprised of: Grizzly, Aberdeen and Haddo Lakes. The Duteau Creek watershed covers an area of approximately 21,275 ha (213 km2) between Grizzly Hills summit (1,800 metres) on the Aberdeen Plateau and the Headgates Diversion Dam (intake) at an elevation of 660 metres.

Figure 1: Aberdeen Plateau Reservoirs

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Duteau Creek flows approximately 13 km before entering a small retention reservoir, Lake Harvey. This intake is referred to as Headgates. Rotating screens remove large to medium particles and debris before entering a 1.2 metre diameter transmission pipe to the Duteau Creek Water Treatment Plant (DCWTP).

Figure 2: Lake Harvey, Headgates

GVW commissioned the DCWTP in 2010. The DCWTP Phase 1 was built to provide consistent safe drinking water for the growing population in the Greater Vernon service area and to assist in meeting potable water regulations. The DCWTP clarifies water by separating suspended solids from the water. A coagulant is added which causes particles suspended in the water to aggregate into clumps or masses called flocculent (floc). Air is then injected at the base of the floc tanks; the rising air bubbles attach to the floc and float it to the surface where skimmers remove the floc particles. This process is called Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) and the organic carbon removal across the clarifier is typically in the order of 60%. Simultaneously, the DAF removes the yellow colour from the water, which is measured in True Color Units (TCU). On average the raw water supply from the Duteau Creek source colour varies from 34-94 TCU and treated water is less than 5 TCU. At the end of the DAF process clear water is drawn from the bottom of the basin, chlorinated and discharged to a 10 Megalitre (ML) covered reservoir. The design capacity of the plant is 160 Megalitres/day (ML/d), the maximum day demand in 2017 was 115.38 ML/d on July 8th. Water system separation domestic/ irrigation is targeting a maximum day demand of 110 ML/d. In 2017, GVW received a grant to construct Ultra Violet (UV) disinfection after the reservoir. This will assist GVW in meeting the 4-3-2-1-0 Drinking Water Objectives. (BC MOH, 2012) The UV inactivates Cryptosporidium and Giardia and allows GVW to provide clarification plus two methods of disinfection (UV and chlorination). The UV construction is scheduled for completion in 2018.

Figure 3: Duteau Creek Water Treatment Plant (Phase 1)

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Kalamalka Lake Water Supply

Kalamalka Lake has been used as the primary source of drinking water for the City of Vernon and West Coldstream domestic supply area for many decades. The Kalamalka Lake Pump Station is located on West Kal Road in Coldstream. In 2016 the existing 900 millimetre (mm) intake was lifted from 0.6 m to 3 m off the lake bottom to improve water quality.

The intake line was extended by 75 m to maintain the 20 m depth and now is 327 m from the shoreline. The old intake screen was replaced with two stainless steel screens to meet today’s fishery standards.

Figure 4: Kalamalka Lake Intake extension floated to location in 2016

The Kalamalka Lake Pump Station is equipped with:

• 4 - Vertical Turbine Pumps: 2 - 138 Litres per second (L/sec), 200HP, one fixed speed and the other

Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) 2 - 235 L/sec, 400HP, both on VFDs

Water is pumped from Kalamalka Lake to the Mission Hill Water Treatment Plant (MHWTP) for disinfection treatment using a Trojan Ultra Violet reactor at a 40 millijoules per square centimetre (mJ/cm2) dose, along with the addition of sodium hypochlorite (chlorine) generated on site. The plant has a design capacity of 60 ML/d at 89% Ultra Violet Transmittance (UVT). The UVT percentage is a measure of the UV that is able to pass through the water. The maximum day demand at this plant in 2017 was 37.06 ML/d on July 12th.

Figure 5: Mission Hill Water Treatment Plant - UV Disinfection Process

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Separated Non-Potable Water Sources The maximum demand on the separated non-potable irrigation system in 2017 was 37.02 ML/d on July 29, 2017. This included water supplied from Wells 1 & 2, Duteau Creek, King Edward/Deer Creek, and Goose Lake. Goose Lake is located west of Swan Lake. Following the completion of the West Swan Lake Separation project in 2013, water stored in Goose Lake is used solely for agricultural purposes. At this time, the Goose Lake reservoir is filled with treated water from the DCWTP, with a Reduced Pressure Principle Assembly (RP) installed to ensure no cross connection with the potable water system. The non-potable line is filled with chlorinated water at the end of the irrigation season to reduce bio-film in the waterlines, but is not regularly chlorinated to maintain a residual as needed in a potable water system. The water velocities from irrigation sprinkling flush the water lines of any accumulated sediments or organics. King Edward Lake - Deer Creek/Coldstream Ranch Well #1 & #2 Deer Creek is a regulated system with storage at the King Edward Lake reservoir. It is used for agricultural demands in the Coldstream Ranch area. Deer Creek intake pond is very small in size and the land upstream of the intake is private land owned by the Coldstream Ranch to 8 km on the King Edward Forest Service Road. The area south of this is crown land. Coldstream Ranch (CR) Well #1 and #2 are both located on the Coldstream Ranch lands near the intersection of Highway #6 and Kalamalka Road. These sources are used for agricultural irrigation demands. Well #1 can also be used for domestic (potable) if needed in an emergency. CR Well #1 is 50 metres (162 feet) deep with a new pump installed in the fall of 2015. The duty point on the pump is 42 L/sec (650 US Gallons per minute (USGPM)). This well has a confining clay layer and was reconstructed to improve capacity. Chlorination, a turbidity meter, and an RP have been installed at this well to allow it to be used for potable water in an emergency. CR Well #2 is 24 meters (79.4 feet) deep with a pumping capacity of 50 L/sec (800 US Gallons per minute (USGPM)) with no confining layer. This well is only used as a non-potable source.

Duteau Creek – Non-Potable The watermain extending from the Duteau Creek intake (Headgates) to the Duteau Creek Water Treatment Plant is non-potable (untreated). At the treatment plant water is diverted to the plant or continues untreated to the Von Keyserlingk and Springfield areas where separation of domestic and agriculture mains has occurred. The flow max day for this separated Duteau area was 16.53 ML/d on July 29, 2017.

Distribution System The GVW distribution system has over 649 km of pipeline, 41 pump stations, 102 pressure reducing stations, and 22 balancing concrete reservoirs delivering approximately 20,000 ML of water to customers in 2017.

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Pipe Material Length In Service Comments Cast Iron 57 km Majority installed prior to 1978

Ductile Iron 104 km Ductile iron is still used in some applications

PVC 234 km Most pipe installed since 1979 has been PVC

Concrete 26 km Majority installed prior to 1978, used in larger diameter applications.

Asbestos Cement 209 km Majority installed prior to 1978 High Density Polyethylene 4 km Used for specialized applications

Steel 9 km Used for specialized or larger applications

Other 3 km Other uncommon materials Copper 3 km Used for smaller applications

Table 1: GVW Water Mains All of the water in the MHWTP distribution system is pumped from Kalamalka Lake. There are over 20 pressure zones including 12 booster pump zones. The storage reservoir in the highest pressure zone is at an elevation of 784 m (2572 ft.) above sea level. Water must be pumped from Kalamalka Lake over 393 m (1289 ft.) in elevation to this reservoir. The water in the DCWTP distribution system is gravity fed from the upper Duteau watershed, and pumped in a number of areas including BX-Swan Lake and the Foothills. There are over 50 pressure zones covering over 300 km of pipe length. The intake is at an elevation of 660 m (2,165 ft.) and the DCWTP distribution system ranges from 461 m (1,512ft.) to 815 m (2,674 ft.) above sea level. System Separation – Potable and Non-Potable GVW has upgraded the original irrigation system to provide a separated potable water distribution system to reduce the demand on the DCWTP. The non-potable supply is sourced primarily from Duteau Creek and King Edward Lake/ Deer Creek, in addition to Goose Lake and CR Wells.

1. Bella Vista agricultural separation project was completed in 2006. The non-potable system is served by Goose Lake.

2. The Von Keyserlingk area east of Learmouth Road in Coldstream was completed in 2010. This non-potable system receives raw Duteau Creek water.

3. The King Edward Reservoir/Deer Creek and Coldstream Ranch (CR) Well #2 were separated from the domestic supply in 2011. These untreated sources now supply non-potable water to parts of the Coldstream Ranch and Grey Road area. In 2012, a RP device was set up at CR Well #1 to feed into either the potable or the non-potable systems with backflow protection.

4. The West Swan Lake Separation projects were completed in 2013. This system is served by Goose Lake.

5. In conjunction with the Ministry of Transportation Highway 6 realignment project, the Binns Separation area was tied into the King Edward/CR Well #2 system, removing it from the domestic system. A third phase of this project was completed in 2015 as a

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benefit from a potable watermain improvement, allowing the northwest connection to Spicer Field (Coldstream Ranch) to be supplied with non-potable water.

6. The Springfield Separation construction commenced in 2013, and was completed in July 2014. This ties into the Von Keyserlingk area and is fed by raw Duteau Creek water. On a peak day, this project allows approximately 10 ML of raw water to remain untreated, reducing operational costs of treatment.

Figure 6: GVW Non–Potable Separation Projects to 2017

System Control – Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Software

The operation and maintenance for monitoring reservoir water levels, operating pumps, monitoring quality control equipment, and maintaining a historical data file of the water systems operations is made easier by SCADA, a comprehensive software program used by GVW. Connected by wireless links, the SCADA software monitors sensors at all of the reservoirs and pump stations. Interpreting the data received, it then automatically turns pumps on and off to keep the system flowing smoothly. When a problem is detected within the system, the SCADA system issues alarms and, depending on the location of the problem, either the RDNO, CoV, or DoC operators respond.

Pressure-Reducing Valve Stations (PRV)

The maximum design water pressure for piping within the majority of the water distribution system is 1040 kPa (150 psi). There are 100 PRVs within the GVW system. The PRV's role is to control the pressure in the water system by creating head losses that prevent pressures from exceeding the design maximum.

The CoV or DoC operators currently service the PRV stations as required in an effort to extend their service life. Most individual premises (homes, businesses) also have secondary PRV’s as normal operating pressures above 70 psi and/or fluctuating pressures can place excessive stress on internal plumbing systems and fixtures.

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WATER SYSTEM VALUE The approximate total value of the GVW water system, as detailed in Table 2, is estimated to be $743 million (Urban Systems, 2017).

Infrastructure Item Value Pipeline, Water Mains $ 401,000,000 Booster Stations $ 52,000,000 Intakes (KLPS, Duteau, Goose, King Ed.) $27,000,000 PRV (Pressure Reducing Valves) $8,700,000 Reservoirs $72,200,000 Water Services $91,600,000 Treatment Plants (MHWTP, DCWTP, OWTP) $68,700,000 Valves $16,300,000 Wells $5,000,000 Total Value $743,000,000

Table 2: GVW Water System Value

Asset Management Investment Plan Over the years and as a continuous process, GVW has been compiling and ascertaining attributes of its many assets; these attributes may include year of install, material, and type, among many other important features. The process has involved investigating record drawings, receiving feedback from operators, estimating from a variety of sources, and entering the information into geographic information systems (GIS) for use by staff and operators. Once in GIS, it’s easier to view, analyze, plan, operate, and manage the system. In 2017, GVW was awarded a Federal grant to engage the engineering consulting firm Urban Systems to complete an Asset Management Investment Plan (AMIP). This plan involved looking at all of the assets of GVW and applying replacement costs to the individual components, to determine an appropriate annual investment in order to replace aging infrastructure prior to failure. Aging infrastructure is a liability to the utility and the community, and the level of increased investment will have a net benefit, especially due to the high costs of repairs; the primary idea of the AMIP is to replace infrastructure prior to failure, but not too soon that GVW is replacing infrastructure before the end of its service life. Further utilizing the AMIP with analyses of the actual conditions (as opposed to only the estimated lifespan used for the AMIP) has allowed GVW to narrow down the asset replacement list further to better invest where it’s needed most. Through another Federal grant, GVW partnered with research students at UBC Okanagan, where they developed a tool to analyze risk and consequence of failure in GVW’s linear infrastructure (water mains). A risk index and subsequent rank for all of the water mains was derived from potential soil corrosivity, water aggressiveness, hydraulic factors, and consequence of failure. This tool is used in conjunction with the AMIP to choose appropriate sections of water mains for replacement, in order of risk.

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CAPITAL WORKS PROJECTS

Water Supply and Distribution System Upgrading In 2017, $5.85 million was budgeted for infrastructure projects including:

• Renewal projects for waterlines, dams, meter replacements, vehicles, and equipment • Improvement/upgrading projects including the Kalamalka Lake intake works, Ranch Well

improvements, and isolating electrical equipment from operator space at MHWTP • New infrastructure projects including installing meter remote reading equipment

Some of the projects were not fully completed in 2017 and have been carried over to the 2018 budget. The replacement program is designed to address deteriorating infrastructure requiring significant annual maintenance and failures within the water system on a priority basis. The maintenance program helps extend the life expectancy of water infrastructure. Capital Projects completed in 2017 Brief Description Kalamalka Lake Road - Giles Drive to Howe Drive pipe replacement

Replace 100mm vintage cast iron water main with 200mm PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)

29 Avenue – 29 Street to 30 Street in partner with City of Vernon Replace 50mm vintage water main with 50mm HDPE

Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV) station - Silver Star Road and East Dedecker Road

Pressure Reducing Valve station connecting three pressure zones, improving distribution and fire flows in the area

35 Street – 28 Avenue to 30 Avenue in partner with City of Vernon

Replace 150mm vintage cast iron water main with 250mm PVC

35 Avenue – 24 Street to 27 Street in partner with City of Vernon

Replace 100mm vintage cast iron water main with 200mm PVC

School Road - Highway 6 South Replace 100mm vintage asbestos cement (AC) water main with 200mm PVC

Howe Drive - Kalamalka Road North Install new 200mm PVC DR18 water main Highway 6 - King Edward Forest Service Road to Vimy Road

Replace 150mm vintage cast iron water main with 250mm PVC

Star Road to Marmot Court Install new 200mm water main connecting Marmot Court and Star Road, eliminating the need for Star Road pump station

Table 3: Capital Projects for 2017

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WATER MAINS

Water Main Breaks Most water utilities frequently experience minor disruptions. Pipes break, valves seize, hydrants leak, and power outages occur. Although these are not anticipated, the problems experienced can usually be corrected with minimal disruption, and regular service can be restored quickly. In cases of water main breaks, GVW adheres to the procedures set out in the American Water Works Association (AWWA) Standard C651-14 regarding water main chlorination prior to re-commissioning of the main. In 2017, CoV operations responded to 39 water main failures, both within the City of Vernon and Electoral Areas “B” and “C” of the RDNO. The DoC responded to 5 water main failures and 6 water service repairs. (Note: service connection or hydrant lead breaks are not included in this total.) Typically, breaks or disruptions to water service are caused by conditions that can be repaired and reinstated quickly, without risk to public health. Sometimes however, situations arise that require extra care to ensure the integrity of the water system has not been compromised. GVW endeavours to keep Interior Health apprised of any extraordinary situations that may adversely impact the water system.

New Water Mains Disinfection of a new water mains are completed in accordance with AWWA C651 - 14 - Continuous Feed Method. Where water samples taken following initial disinfection are not acceptable, and do not meet water quality standards, the process is repeated.

STAFFING The overall management of GVW lies with the RDNO (Table 4, Utilities). There are key groups involved in the operations and maintenance of the water supply. Water treatment is completed by RDNO operators listed in Table 5, and distribution system operations are contracted under agreement with the CoV and DoC (Table 6, 7) under the direction of RDNO staff.

RDNO staff also manages the Cross Connection Control (CCC), water demand management, and water quality programs on behalf of GVW and its municipal partners.

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RDNO Engineering Staff Overview RDNO Utilities Dale McTaggart, P.Eng General Manager of Engineering ( Retired July 2017) Zee Marcolin, P.Eng General Manager, Utilities John Lord, P.Eng Manager, Water Distribution Sandy Edwards, AScT Manager, Projects Renee Clark, AScT Manager, Water Quality Jennifer Miles, MEDes Water Sustainability Coordinator David Klassen, EIT Assistant Utilities Engineer Jessica Bowman Engineering Technician/ Cross Connection Control Officer Mike Philips, AScT Engineering Technologist/ Bylaw Officer Connie Hewitt, AScT Water Quality Technologist Keiko Parker Engineering Technician/ Water Quality Protection Skyler Ganz, AScT Engineering Technologist James de Pfyffer Manager, Small Utilities Gina Le Bel Engineering Tech – Water Quality/Protection (Temp to Aug 2017)

Table 4: RDNO Utilities Department

Operators Overview Section 12 of the Drinking Water Protection Regulations (DWPR) refers to qualification standards for persons operating water supply systems. In this section, the “Environmental Operators Certification Program” (EOCP) is required for certification of operators of a water system. A person is qualified to operate, maintain, or repair a water supply system if the person is certified by the EOCP for the class of the system as classified under the EOCP. The following is a list of the operators certified through the EOCP employed by RDNO, the CoV, and DoC. The RDNO operators are responsible for operating and maintaining the source and treatment/treatment plants and the CoV and DoC are contracted by RDNO to operate and maintain the GVW water distribution system.

RDNO Operators Last Name First Name Certification # Certification Held Dunsdon Jennifer 7387 WDI, WTII Gibson Don 5922 WDII, WTIII, WWCI, MWWTI Hartwig Corey 9378 WTI, Electrical Instrumentation Technician Heidt Dustin 4498 WDIII, WTIV Lay Paul 2097 WDIII, WTII, CH Mykytuk Becky 9086 WTII Robertson Tyler 9130 WTII Ross Gordon 5219 WDII, WTII, CH

Table 5: RDNO Water Treatment Operators 2017

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City of Vernon Operators Last Name First Name Certification # Certification Held Briggs Geordie 6495 WDII, CH Browne Ryan 8176 WDI, WWCl Cleverly Curtis 7193 WDII, CH Connor Bryce 2050 WDIV, CH, WTIII Erickson James 3626 WDIII,CH,WTI,WWCI MWWTI Fugel Thomas 2096 WDI, WWCl, CH, WTI Gaythorpe Glen 7271 WDI, WWCl Holloway Ryan 8876 WDI, WWCl Holtz Colin 9158 WDI, WWCI Irwin Sean 8610 WDII,WWCII Markel Marvin 3291 WDIII, CH WTII, WWCI Martin Allan 5900 WDII Parker Ryan 6988 WDII,CH, WWCI Pope Carson 8840 WWCI Rempel Chris 7192 WDI Stowards Blaine 8247 WDI, WCII Svenhard Wayne 1337 WDII, CH, WWCl

Table 6: CoV Water Distribution Operators 2017

District of Coldstream Operators Last Name First Name Certification # Certification Held Acton Dave 3407 WDIII, WWCII, CH, CCC Blundell Neil 5660 WDII, WWCII, CH, CCC Comeau Brent 5662 WDII, WWCII, CCC Davyduke Matt 7160 WDII, WWCI Mazereeuw Jack 5747 WDII, WWCII,SWS McKay Gordon 3471 WDI Nicholson Cory 7053 WDI, CH Pethick Mike 1424 WDII, WWCII,CH,SWS Scherck James 7776 WDII, WWCl, CCC

Table 7: DoC Water Distribution Operators 2017

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SOURCE ASSESSMENTS AND SOURCE RESPONSE PLANS

Duteau Creek Duteau Creek is a major source of water supply for GVW customers. Protection of the watershed is important for the security of quality drinking water and sustainable supply. The community watershed is located southeast of the Lavington area (DoC), and is upstream of the Headgates intake, the point of diversion. The community watershed is primarily Crown land. RDNO has no legislative control over land use and practices on Crown land, however staff has a long history of working with provincial staff, range tenures, and forestry licencees. The Duteau Creek Watershed Assessment and Recommendations for Source Protection Report (here after refered to as the Watershed Assesment) was received by the RDNO in December 2008 (prepared by Kerr Wood Leidal Consulting Engineers and Dobson Engineering Ltd). For further details, the Duteau Watershed Assessment and Response Plan can be viewed at www.rdno.ca/water - click on the Watershed/Source Assessments and Protection link . The implementation of a Watershed Protection Response Plan provides guidance to achieve a successful source water protection program. In February 2009, an initial meeting was held to gather information from watershed stakeholders and find agreeable action to move forward with recommendations from the Duteau Creek Watershed Assessment. The Duteau Creek Watershed Protection Plan Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) was formed in 2009 and includes representation from provincial agencies, First Nations, forestry licencees and range tenure holders. Two meetings are held annually in spring and fall. During the spring meeting members present reports regarding the previous year’s actions and a work plan. The fall meeting is a field trip to view works completed or that require updating. In May 2014, the Duteau Creek Watershed Assessment Response Plan (DCWAPR) was endorsed by the Regional District Board of Directors and June 30, 2014 was accepted by Interior Health. Achievements in 2017 included a collaborative response with Recreation Sites and Trails BC (RSTBC) to address water quality risks associated with recreation activities. A RSTBC camp site was established on May 7, 2016 at the Grizzly Reservoir (Grizzly Recreation Site Section 56 (1) FRPA). This included 4 vaulted toilets, 14 campsites, road and site improvements plus the initial development of a skills park for Off Road vehicles (ATV, side x sides, dirt bikes). RDNO, RSTBC and Ministry of Forests, Lands, and Natural Resource Operations (FLNRO) invested in fences, gates and cattle guards to reduce the impact to the dams, water infrastructure and the environment. A non-motorized area has also been defined to eliminate motorized use in the environmentally sensitive areas.

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Figure 7: No Motorized Use Sign and Fencing installed around Grizzly Saddle Dam

To assist with communication and public education, the RDNO and RSTBC contracted a “Site Host” May through September (Friday through Sunday) and all statutory holidays in 2017. The contractor’s duties included being at the Grizzly RSTBC site and inspecting other RSTBC sites at Specs Lake, Aberdeen Lake and Haddo Lake once every Friday, Saturday and Sunday, to provide a record of the users. The contractor liaised with the public about the ongoing development of the RSTBC Site and the importance of protecting the watershed for safe drinking water. There have been two kiosks erected to provide information about the site and the importance of protecting the water resource. In 2018, a large kiosk will be placed at the main campsite with information regarding integrated resource management from other watershed stakeholders including forestry and range.

Figure 8 : Kiosk at the Grizzly Canal site and campsite at the main site

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Figure 9 : Grizzly Rec Site Kiosk Sign

To understand the Duteau watershed’s vulnerability to hazards, a mapping project was completed by Ecoscape Environmental Consultants Ltd in 2017. The effect of a hazard on water quality at the point of the water intake is dependent on where the hazard occurs in the watershed, the severity of occurrence, and the particular contaminant (Ecoscape, 2017). Watershed vulnerability is classified using descriptive categories; very high, high, moderate, and low. Determining vulnerability zones included broad measures such as distance from water, buffering capacity of reservoirs, proximity to GVW facility and terrain features (slope and soil erosion potential). An additional map was generated to highlight higher elevation areas that are most snow sensitive area and a look at water quantity changes (drought, peak flows). The benefit of these maps are to support conversations with stakeholders and questions regarding land use changes and water treatment needs.

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Figure 10: Duteau Watershed Vulnerability Mapping

Kalamalka Lake On November 16, 2011, the RDNO Board of Directors passed a resolution endorsing the Source Assessment of the Regional District of North Okanagan – Greater Vernon Water Utility North Kalamalka Lake Intake Report, prepared by Larratt Aquatic. The endorsement of the report has provided GVW staff with the ability to move forward with a Kalamalka Lake Watershed Assessment Response Plan. In June 2013, there was an initial meeting to focus on the Kalamalka intake protection zone and Coldstream Creek as the primary water inflow source to the lake. The recommendations from the Assessment are being used to develop the Assessment Response Plan. The North Kalamalka Intake Response Plan was completed in the spring of 2017 and provides an outline of the risks identified in the Assessment. The purpose of the Response Plan is to recommend actions to reduce risks to water quality. The plan includes a summary of recommended and completed actions, as well as the responsible parties. GVW provides financial support, staff time, and other in-kind assistance to help protect Kalamalka Lake and enhance water quality. Efforts are also required by other organizations and agencies to assist GVW in this endeavor as many actions required are outside of the scope of GVW authority. A collaborative approach with all stakeholders provides the best prospect of success to reduce or eliminate environmental impacts from both point and non-point sources. Implementation strategies within the Response Plan are focused into the following areas or programs:

• The Intake • The Intake Protection Zone • The Watershed Protection Program • Public Education • Emergency Response

A Stakeholder meeting was held on October 30, 2017 to review the responses to date. Actions have included lifting the intake from 0.6 meters from the lake bottom to 3 meters to improve water quality. The watershed control program is supported by a sampling program. Four locations are monitored on Coldstream Creek by RDNO Water Quality staff and four locations on Kalamalka

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Lake are monitored monthly at varying depths through a long standing study shared by the District of Lake Country (DLC) and the Ministry of Environment (MOE). (Larratt, WQ 2017). The information gathered through the sampling has assisted in understanding seasonal and annual changes in water quality. Public education efforts have included supporting the “Yellow Fish Road” Storm Drain Painting Program, Okanagan Goose Management Program (EEB, 2017), the “Don’t Move a Mussel” campaign (OBWB Website) , and the “Adopt a Stream” program.

Figure 11: OKGMP and OBWB Mussel signs

In 2016, the Okanagan Collaborative Conservation Program (OCCP) facilitated the Kalamalka and Wood Lake – Boat Impact Study on Source Waters through an Okanagan Basin Water Board (OBWB) Water Conservation and Quality Improvement grant. This project was completed in collaboration with the RDNO, Regional District Central Okanagan (RDCO), DLC and DoC. The project’s goal was to investigate the long-term potential threats from boating activity and make recommendations for source water protection from the perspective of private domestic and municipal potable drinking water intakes on Wood Lake and Kalamalka Lake. The project was driven by an increasing demand to develop lands on or near the lakes and recreational boating and related infrastructure (marinas and docks). This work is supporting the risk reduction recommendations within the source water assessments and response plans for GVW and DLC drinking water intakes on Kalamalka Lake. The Kalamalka and Wood Lake Boat Impact Study on Source Water ( Ecoscape, Larratt, 2017), provided recommendations to address the impacts to drinking water intakes and protect areas from current and increased growth of recreational boating activity. In 2018, an interjurisdictional communication strategy and public education/outreach project has been initiated to explore the recommendations from that study.

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Figure 12: Wake Risk Highlighted by the Boat Impact Study In 2017, an OBWB grant was received to complete the North Kalamalka Lake Vulnerability Mapping project. For the Kalamalka source, the hazards are the activities that are taking place within the watershed area and on the lake within the Intake Protection Zone (IPZ; shown in Figure 13 as a solid red and dashed purple line) If hazards occur in a vulnerable area, there is potential for the contaminant(s) to be transferred to the intake.

The Kalamalka Lake vulnerability mapping project included both the intrinsic vulnerability and potential hazards and provides a qualitative indication of potential risks to water quality:

Watershed Risk = Vulnerability × Hazard Similar to the Duteau Watershed project, criteria is used to score vulnerability as; very high, high, moderate, and low. The data used for the scoring includes the proximity to a water course, slope, soils, terrain stability and land cover. (Associated Environmental, 2018). This project was presented to the Kalamalka Stakeholder Technical Advisory Committee in May 2018.

Figure 13: Vulnerability and Hazards Near the IPZ

For further details, the North Kalamalka Intake Assessment and Response Plan can be viewed on the RDNO website www.rdno.ca/water - Watershed/Source Assessments and Protection.

MONITORING PROGRAM The GVW Water Quality Program references the following legislation, regulation and guidelines to develop a Reporting and Monitoring Plan.

1. Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (GCDWQ) 2. British Columbia Drinking Water Protection Act and Regulation (DWPA and DWPR) 3. British Columbia Source Drinking Water Quality Guidelines (WQG-01) 4. Drinking Water Treatment Objectives for Surface Water in BC 5. Decision Tree for Responding to Turbidity Event in Unfiltered Drinking Water

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The Water Quality Program is designed to monitor weekly and monthly variations in water quality and provide statistics for yearly trending from the source to the tap. GVW water quality staff monitors the source water in the watersheds, at the intakes, and at the wellheads. At this time, there are two potable surface water intakes and two ground water wells available as potable emergency wells. There are two non-potable surface water intakes, one ground water well used specifically for agriculture use only, and one emergency well that can be used for agriculture. GVW also manages two small water utilities that are stand-alone water systems, the Outback and Delcliffe. These systems have their own intakes from Okanagan Lake. The Outback has UV disinfection treatment and chlorine, and Delcliffe has chlorine disinfection only. These water systems are reported out to the Small Water Systems Health Officer independently of the GVW system. Source water quality monitoring is an important component of the multi-barrier approach to drinking water management. It is important for monitoring programs to be as comprehensive as possible. The source water quality program compares source water with guidelines, criteria, and regulations that have been set for both health and aesthetic reasons. The program also observes seasonal trends that may affect treatment and chlorine demand, and monitors for potential threats from land use practices in the watershed. The distribution system monitoring program incorporates certified operators from the CoV and DoC to sample at designated sampling sites. During regular operations there are two distinct water systems (Duteau Creek and Kalamalka Lake) where dedicated sample sites are monitored. This portion of the water quality program is designed to meet the community water system regulations prescribed by the British Columbia Drinking Water Protection Regulation Schedules A and B. Supporting the program is also the Canadian Drinking Water Guidelines which provide Maximum Acceptable Concentrations (MAC) and Aesthetic Objectives (AO), for health and aesthetic reasons. Other parameters may be monitored if they are known to create problems within water distribution systems. Drinking water quality is a function of source water quality, water treatment, and water quality changes after treatment. As a result, the monitoring of drinking water quality consists of four (4) components in the Source to Tap Approach:

1. Source (Raw) Water Monitoring 2. Monitoring After Treatment (at Outflow Of Treatment Plant) 3. Monitoring In The Distribution System 4. Customer Concerns

For more information regarding testing parameters and MAC levels, please visit Health Canada’s website at: www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/water-quality/drinking-water/canadian-drinking-water-guidelines.html

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Source and Treatment Testing Parameters Raw water (untreated) testing for 2017 was completed in the following areas:

− Duteau Creek Watershed − Duteau Intake (Headgates) − Kalamalka Watershed (Coldstream Creek and Kalamalka Lake Study) − Kalamalka Lake Intake − Deer Creek Intake − Goose Lake (Lake and Intake) − Coldstream Ranch Wells 1 &2 − Antwerp Deep Well (Emergency Well)

There were a total of 6119 tests performed using 136 different water quality parameters on raw water in 2017. Water quality analysis is reported in Appendix 1.

Turbidity Turbidity measurements relate to the optical properties of water. Turbidity is caused by suspended matter such as clay, silt, finely divided organic and inorganic matter, soluble coloured organic compounds, plankton, and other microscopic organisms. Excessively high turbidity can have a negative effect on disinfection techniques. Canadian Drinking Water Guidelines apply to filter turbidity for systems that use surface water or GUDI (Groundwater under Direct Influence). In the spring of 2006, Interior Health (IH) introduced the Turbidity Education & Notification Campaign for unfiltered water systems to inform customers that health risks increase as turbidity rises (particularly for at-risk populations people with weakened immune systems); and to notify customers of turbidity levels higher than one (1) Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU). A provincial guidance document followed in April 2013, the Decision Tree for Responding to a Turbidity Event in Unfiltered Drinking Water. At this time, GVW does not have filtration on any of its sources. Turbidity is continuously measured at water supply sources. Kalamalka Lake, Duteau Creek, and Well #1 all have on-line turbidity meters and are monitored by SCADA. If the water supply source is being used, a comparison with a hand-held turbidity meter is completed weekly at the site to ensure the SCADA-monitored meter is reading correctly. In 2017, the raw water turbidity average at the Duteau Intake (Headgates) was 1.83 NTU. The maximum daily recorded average was 30.04 NTU for May 5th. However, there was no daily average recorded for May 6th or 7th as the intake and treatment plant were shut down, due to peak flows in Duteau Creek. During this incident the turbidity was estimated at over 100 NTU. The DCWTP has enhanced treatment, providing colour removal and turbidity reduction, resulting in an average of 0.26 NTU in 2017 at the plant reservoir outflow (Table 28). There were no days in in 2017 where there was a daily average above 1 NTU. The MHWTP has dual disinfection (UV and chlorine) but no pre-treatment or filtration. In 2017, the GVW online daily raw water turbidity average at the North Kal intake was 0.94 NTU with a maximum of 2.55 NTU for May 15, 2017. The on-line daily average at the MHWTP was 0.84 NTU with a maximum of 2.12 NTU. More details on turbidity for each source and treatment is located in Appendix 1 and 2.

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The water distribution system is monitored weekly by Operators and Water Quality staff. When unacceptably high turbidity test results are recorded, the system is monitored and flushed, or investigated further. Monthly water quality reports and the “GVW, Water Quality Deviation Response Plan” provide further details with regard to turbidity events and/or trigger levels for response and notification. Further explanation on daily turbidity data and water quality is reported in Appendix 2.

Chemical Analysis GVW staff takes samples on an annual basis from all water sources before treatment and after disinfection for a “comprehensive sample” chemical analysis of common minerals and other chemical parameters (such as hardness). Results are checked against the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (see Appendix 1 and 3). A seasonal and weekly schedule has been implemented to test chemical and physical parameters at each water source. The analysis may be completed in the field, at the GVW lab, or at a certified lab. Other parameters (ammonia, nitrites, nitrates, pesticide scans, hydrocarbon scans and volatile organic compounds) may be included in the analysis when specific concerns arise.

Treatment Testing Parameters The DCWTP includes coarse screening, FLOC, DAF and disinfection with sodium hypochlorite generated on site. The DCWTP operators complete the following sampling and analysis.

Raw Water Analysis

Daily or more frequently if needed

Raw On-line: pH, Turbidity, Temperature, Conductivity, and DOC. Raw Daily Lab Tests: pH, Turbidity, Temperature, Conductivity, True and Apparent Colour, and Alkalinity

Weekly Total Aluminum DAF Basins

Daily On-line: Turbidity Daily Lab Test: Turbidity

DAF Effluent (Before Chlorination)

Daily On-line: Turbidity, and UVT Daily Lab Test: Turbidity, pH, alkalinity, true colour, UV Transmissivity (UVT)

Twice a Week Dissolved Aluminum Reservoir Effluent

Daily

On-line: Cl Residual, pH, Turbidity, Temp, Particle Counts Daily Lab Test: Chlorine Residual, pH, Turbidity, Temp, UVTMWF, Alkalinity, Ortho (reactive) Phosphate (when corrosion control, zinc orthophosphate is in use)

Table 8: DCWTP Analysis Frequency Water Quality staff sample and analyze bacteria, chlorine, conductivity, temperature and turbidity, and filtered and unfiltered UV weekly at the reservoir outlet where the Duteau Creek water enters the distribution system. The chlorine Contact Time (CT) is applied at DCWTP reservoir and dosage can be adjusted if required.

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The MHWTP includes one chlorine injection point with sodium hypochlorite generated on site. There are two chlorine analyzers; one analyzer reads the residual after the water goes through the 483 pumps with good mixing but with little contact time, and the other analyzer is after a contact “chamber” (a long line to mimic residual in the system). Once the minimum CT is met at maximum plant flow the water is delivered to the first customer. Chlorine, and UV Transmissivity (UVT) and dose are monitored on-line. Weekly samples are analyzed at the GVW lab for both filtered and unfiltered UVT. A sampling site is located after disinfection to monitor the presence of bacteria twice a week. In 2017, the operators performed and documented daily plant checks plus operational changes and maintenance.

Distribution Testing Program In 2017, there were a total of 16,652 tests performed using 119 parameters on water as it entered into or was in the water distribution system. After treatment and/or disinfection, the water quality program is designed to meet the BC Drinking Water Regulations and Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality. Additional parameters may be monitored if they are known to create problems within water distribution systems. The full 2017 Water Quality Monitoring Program is located at: www.rdno.ca/water – Water Quality The distribution sampling sites are determined by both GVW and IH. The monitoring program is designed to capture changes in water quality as it flows through the pipeline (i.e. flow patterns in the water distribution system). Duteau Creek supplied system:

• Total sites: 44 14% (6 sites) high flows/main transmission/entry point 41% (18 sites) medium flow 34% (15 sites) low flow 11% (5 sites) dead-ends, un-looped lines and stagnant areas

Kalamalka Lake supplied system:

• Total Sites: 34 18% (6 Sites) high flows/main transmission/entry point 35% (12 Sites) medium flow 33% (11 Sites) low flow 14% (5 sites) dead-ends, un-looped lines and stagnant areas

Number - At this time there are 77 sampling sites throughout the GVW distribution system. The preferred connection for dedicated sampling sites is directly to the main water line for a number of reasons. Public buildings or residential homes may be inaccessible and/or results may not always be reliable. Where a sample line cannot be run continuously, it should be a suitable size to allow water from the main to reach the tap after a brief flush. Sampling sites will be re-evaluated as the GVW program evolves. One sampling station was installed in 2017. It will provide further valuable information as it is a site in a high density area with sensitive facilities. There are seven sites under review for 2018.

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Figure 14: Sampling Site and Station

The water quality monitoring plan has divided the sampling sites into a four week schedule for CoV, DoC, and GVW operators. The schedule rotates the sampling sites from week to week to assist in a weekly overview of the entire water system. GVW as the drinking water purveyor serving a population of approximately 55,000 is required to test a minimum of 56 bacterial samples per month as outlined in the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality, Sixth Edition. Tables 9 and 10 provide an overview of how the bacterial sample numbers are calculated and scheduled for 2017.

Distribution System

Population (approx.)

No. of Sources, or Intakes

No. of Sample Sites

Minimum Bacterial Samples per Month

Kalamalka 38,500 1 33 39 Duteau 16,500 1 42 17

Total 2017 55,000 2 75 56

Table 9: Bacterial Samples per Population Sample Week Kal CARO Kal P/A or MPN Duteau CARO Duteau P/A or MPN

1 11 6 4 11 2 10 6 5 10 3 10 7 6 8 4 19 9 5 8

Total 40 28 20 37

Table 10: Weekly Bacterial Schedule Bacteria samples are prepared, collected, and shipped as prescribed in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (21st Edition 2005). Water samples are collected in sterile bottles, sealed, and identified by location, date, and time of day. A chain of custody is created and the samples are sent in a cooler to a certified laboratory for testing (Caro Analytical Services in Kelowna) weekly. The certified lab utilizes the membrane filtration (MF) method for detecting Total Coliform and E.coli bacteria. GVW sends a minimum of 65 bacteriological samples monthly to the certified lab. The GVW lab also completes a monthly minimum of 56 bacterial samples using the Colisure® and Colilert® methods for the Presence/Absence (P/A) or Most Probable Number (MPN) of Total Coliform and E.coli. In total there are at least 125 bacterial samples analyzed per month for the water distribution system.

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If the bacteria results for the water distribution contain Total Coliform or E.coli the Operators and Water Quality staff are instructed to complete:

1. Further testing to confirm the previous test results 2. Water main flushing to remove stagnant water 3. Further measurement of disinfection levels after flushing 4. Further investigation into possible water quality changes in the distribution or source to

determine if contamination has been introduced via a cross connection or outside source 5. A Water Quality Advisory, Boil Water, Do Not Drink, or Do Not Use Notice if there is a

health risk identified. (Table 12 provides notices for 2017) Some sample sites are specifically located to monitor the extremities of the water system which may have low flow or stagnant water conditions. The intent of these sites is to ensure no biological re-growth is occurring. When water quality factors such as turbidity and temperature are higher than normal, or the free chlorine (chlorine that is available for disinfection) falls below 0.20 mg/L, and/or the presence of total bacteria or background > 200 colony forming units/mL occur, possible solutions include resampling, increasing chlorine residuals, or flushing the water main to refresh the water supply. The health and safety of our water system and public trust are issues GVW takes seriously. GVW staff work closely with IH to establish a program that ensures our citizens are provided with safe and healthy drinking water.

Bacterial Test Results The Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality and the BC Drinking Water Protection Act Regulations have established the following microbiological criteria for drinking water distribution systems:

• No sample should contain more than one Total Coliform organisms per 100 mL, none of which should be E. coli;

• No two consecutive samples from the same site should show the presence of Coliform organisms; and

• At least 90% of the samples must have zero Total Coliforms per 100 mL. In the table below, a detailed 2017 summary of the bacterial testing and results are shown for the GVW distribution system.

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2017 Distribution Bacterial Sampling Summary

Number of Bacterial Samples Method of Analysis Duteau Creek Kalamalka MPN/ P/A at GVW Lab 407 421 MPN/ P/A containing E.coli 0 0 MPN/ P/A containing Total Coliform 2 1 % of samples with zero Total Coliform 99.51 % 99.64 % Method of Analysis Duteau Creek Kalamalka Membrane Filtration (MF) at Certified Lab 305 628 MF analysis containing E.coli 0 0 MF analysis containing Total Coliform 1 3 % of samples with zero Total Coliform 99.67 % 99.57% Evaluating Results Duteau Creek Kalamalka Total Bacterial Samples 712 1049 Total Bacterial samples containing E.coli utilizing MF and MPN/ P/A 0 0

Total bacterial samples containing Total Coliform utilizing MF and MPN/ P/A 3 4

% of samples with zero Total Coliform 99.58% 99.60% Evaluating Results Duteau Creek Kalamalka Samples with >10 Total Coliform /100 mL 1 1 Occasions where consecutive samples with Total Coliform count (MF) 0 0

Occasions where consecutive samples with Total Coliform Present (MPN/ P/A) 0 0

Table 11: 2017 Bacterial Summary In 2017, GVW met the guideline of 90% of samples must have zero Total Coliforms per 100 mL in both water systems. GVW met the guideline with 99.6% of the samples. There were no consecutive samples with Total Coliform. Further discussion on historical bacteria monitoring in the water distribution system is located in Appendix 3.

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EMERGENCY RESPONSE / NOTIFICATION/ COMMUNICATIONS RDNO Utilities staff, as well as the CoV and DoC Operators are all instructed on how to use the following supporting documents in times of water quality changes or emergencies:

1. GVW Emergency Response Plan 2. GVW Water Quality Deviation Response Plan

The above documents contain the contacts, criteria, and procedures necessary to assist operators and staff to make timely, informed decisions. Staff participate in mock emergency training scenarios annually. The 2017 response plans in full have been provided to IH.

Water Quality Notification and Communication In 2017, GVW distributed nine (9) Media Releases or Information Bulletins to customers, ranging from water source changes, a Boil Water Notice and a site specific notice where water quality had low disinfection levels. GVW turned Duteau Creek source off two (2) times and Kalamalka Lake source off two (2) times in 2017 and used the remaining source to serve the GVW water system. The source change occurred on the following dates:

• March 27 -30: Duteau Creek was shut down due to planned maintenance at the DCWTP. • April 21: Kalamalka Lake was turned off due to high turbidity. • May 6: Duteau Creek was turned off due to dam safety concerns at Headgates.

Kalamalka Lake was turned on to provide water along with processed DCWTP water in the treated reservoir. Duteau Creek was turned back on May 7 with DCWTP able to again process treated water.

• May 15: Kalamalka Lake was turned off due to continued high turbidity levels and to rescind Boil Water Notice (described below).

• June 15: Both sources were returned to operation.

These types of notifications inform customers about the change in the water source, what changes they might experience, and the reason for the change. Kalamalka Lake has hard water (higher levels of Calcium and Magnesium) compared to Duteau Creek, and although it is an aesthetic objective, it can affect some businesses and aquariums. Maintaining two potable water sources with enhanced treatment offers GVW the ability to continue providing safe drinking water and preventing or reducing the numbers of Water Quality/Boil Water Notices. On May 6, 2017, Duteau Creek and Kalamalka Lake had “poor” water quality at both sources. Unfortunately, due to dam safety concerns at Duteau’s Intake dam structure, GVW had to turn the DCWTP off and turn the Kalamalka Lake source on to continue water supply to the customers. GVW was advised by Interior Health to place a “Boil Water Notice” on the entire GVW water system as the turbidity was more than 1 NTU at the Kalamalka Lake source. The Boil Notice was rescinded on May 16, 2017 after water sampling results supported “good” water quality and the Kalamalka source was turned off a day earlier. In 2017, an ongoing Water Quality Advisory (WQA) remained on O’Keefe Ranch due to low disinfection levels and deteriorated water quality. This advisory has been in place since October 6, 2015. A resolution for this advisory has been pursued and information provided to O’Keefe Ranch by IH.

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The notifications delivered to customers in 2017 are shown in Table 12.

GVW: Boil Water Notice # Connections effected

Turbidity at Source May 6- 16

Duteau Creek Water Treatment Plant turned off due to dam safety, Kalamalka Lake turbidity greater than 1 NTU. Advised to go to Boil Water Notice.

21,300

GVW: Water Quality Advisory # Connections effected

Water Distribution System : O’Keefe Ranch

On-going in 2017

Water quality advisory due to reduced disinfection levels and water quality deterioration.

1 / Tourist Attraction

Table 12: Notification Summary GVW must inform customers when their drinking water is not safe to consume or use. A Water Quality Advisory is released when the water poses a modest health risk. A Boil Water Notice is released when there is a known or possible health impact to the customer.

An advisory or notice is delivered as quickly and efficiently as possible. Notification may include “Alert” road signs, radio and/or media releases, email to sensitive customers: institutes (hospitals, care facilities, and schools), commercial/industrial customers (restaurants, breweries), and individuals. Under specific circumstances notification is hand-delivered. In 2018, the RDNO has developed a new method to provide “Emergency Notification” to GVW customers. Customers are advised to subscribe to Greater Vernon Water Emergency Mailing List by going to www.rdno.ca/water and click on the “Subscribe Here” button for email updates.

Figure 15: RDNO/ GVW Emergency Notification

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CUSTOMER CALLS AND RESPONSE In 2017, water quality staff responded to thirty- five (35) customer calls which required a response or an action. These customer concerns included:

Discription of Concern Description Number of Concerns Taste Chlorine, Medicinal 4 Odour Chlorine, Musty, Swampy 7 Colour Brown, Yellow 12 Particles or Dirty Water Black, Green, Cloudy 7 Residue on Appliances Grey Residue, Algae 4 Skin Irritation 1

Table 13: Customer water quality calls in 2017 Sample results are reported back to customers as soon as possible. Coloured water complaints are sometimes linked to cast iron water mains when DCWTP is the source. Due to the low alkalinity of Duteau creek water, a corrosion inhibitor, zinc orthophosphate, is added by GVW in the winter/low demand months to reduce water main corrosion. In 2017, RDNO Water Quality staff utilized a shared database with the City of Vernon called Cityworks®. Cityworks® assists in customer service by providing specific questions to assist Water Quality and operations to respond in a timely manner.

Figure 16: Mapped Customer Calls and Concerns

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CROSS CONNECTION CONTROL PROGRAM Since 2005, GVW has implemented a Cross Connection Control (CCC) bylaw and monitoring program in compliance with Interior Health’s requirements. In 2017, the Cross Connection Control program focused on compliance by agricultural properties. Agricultural properties were given a deadline of June 16 to submit test reports for testable backflow assemblies. Letters were mailed to customers and advertisements were placed in the newspaper to advise customers of the deadline to submit successful test reports and the possible penalty of fines and/or water being shut off. Of approximately 700 agricultural properties, only 18 properties had their water turned off and 0 fines were issued as enforcement of the backflow assembly testing requirement. These properties were quick in resolving the testing requirement or were identified as properties that no longer required their agricultural water service. The enforcement procedure was successful in gaining a high level of compliance and will continue for 2018. The Cross Connection Control Officer also began accompanying Water Quality staff on site visits regarding water quality concerns in 2017. This made the resolution of water quality concerns much more efficient as any cross connection issues could be identified during the initial site visit. Figure 17 illustrates the progression of the CCC program since 2012, showing the total number of assessments each year. In 2017, 2 high risk, 27 medium risk, and 2 low risk property surveys were completed for a total of 31 assessments. There has been a steady increase across all categories in the number of “Compliant” customers since 2012.

Figure 17: Cross Connection Customer Compliance Report 2012-2017

171

99

620

193 23

1

43

174

101

655

214 25

8

78

181

101

736

240 27

0

88

181

107

750

293

277

92

183

109

757

297

283

97

185

110

784

313

285

99

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Surveyed Compliant Surveyed Compliant Surveyed Compliant

High Risk Medium Risk Low Risk

Num

ber o

f Pro

pert

ies

Assessement Status

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

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WATER CONSUMPTION Water flows within the GVW service area are monitored at multiple points. Flows into the system are monitored at the point of entry into treatment infrastructure from the following sources: Duteau Creek, Kalamalka Lake, Deer Creek/King Edward Lake, Groundwater Wells, and Okanagan Lake. Based on 2017 inflow records, the following chart (Figure 18) illustrates how much each source contributes to the overall water use by GVW. In total, approximately 20,000 ML of water flowed into the GVW distribution system. Approximately 88% of water supplied by GVW was treated compared to 12% of supplied water being non-potable, delivered by the separated agricultural water distribution system.

Figure 18: GVW Total Water Inflows by Source In 2017

Consumption is also measured at the point of use via customer water meters. Total inflow volumes from the water sources differ from the metered water consumption recorded at the customer’s point of use due to several factors: authorized unmetered water use activities (such as firefighting, water main flushing, fire hydrant usage, consumption at water quality monitoring stations), or via unauthorized consumption (leaks or theft). Table 14 summarizes metered and estimated unmetered water consumption in comparison to source inflows.

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2017 Annual Inflows (m3) 2017 Annual

Consumption (m3) Water Inflows – Metered at Source Duteau Creek Water Treatment Plant (including flows to Goose Lake) 11,437,148

Mission Hill Water Treatment Plant 6,122,994 Duteau Creek Non-Potable Water 1,037,507 Coldstream Ranch Wells #1 & #2 Non-Potable Water 293,744

King Edward Lake Non-Potable Water 1,109,647 Direct Billed Consumption-Metered Residential 5,048,406 Commercial 1,870,572 Parks 158,716 Agricultural 7,482,277 Billed Bulk Consumption-Metered Truck Fill Station - Bulk Water 16,292 Public Hydrant (Tap) Rentals 12,667 Unbilled Authorized Use-Estimate Water Main Flushing 34,285 Water Quality Monitoring Stations 25,729 Auto flushers 92,919 Spot Flushing/Blow Off Flushing 10,000 Fire Fighting 5,000 Total 20,001,040 14,756,863

Table 14: Total Water Inflows Compared to Metered Consumption and Unmetered Use Estimates GVW staff are working towards a better understanding of the volume of unmetered water (both authorized use and theft) used and water lost to leaks. GVW and municipal operations staff efforts to maintain infrastructure in good condition and replace failing infrastructure, such as leaky water mains, is critical to reducing unmetered (non-revenue) water losses. Beginning in 2014, authorized unmetered flows from water main flushing, water quality monitoring stations, and firefighting were estimated based on the duration and frequency of the activities. Staff are also seeking to improve data collection on the use of water for civic purposes such as irrigation of parks and green spaces. In 2015-2016 several new water meters were installed on parks irrigation services to improve water use tracking. Other sources of unmetered water consumption include the unauthorized use of private fire hydrants and inaccurate water meter data due to aging meters or reporting errors during the transfer of the data from billing software. New 2016 regulations requiring a permit for private hydrant use has helped staff track hydrant water consumption better and this is what likely drove the increase in reported volume in 2017, which was more than double the volume reported in 2016. Staff are also implementing new data transfer protocols for the domestic and non-domestic consumption data transferred from municipal finance staff to GVW staff for consumption analysis. These protocols will continue to be reviewed as GVW implements the Water Meter Improvement Program, a multi-year plan to install remote reading technology (ERTs) for water meters to be read more frequently and accurately. Improved meter reading will also help identify inaccurate meters needing replacement or potential meter bypass (theft) situations. Over 8,600 ERTs have been installed since 2015. This program is in part a response to requests from agricultural customers to have water meter data reported more frequently, allowing improvements to their

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irrigation planning. Urban water users have also indicated a desire for more frequent reporting of water consumption and ERTs are being installed throughout the GVW service area to realize the aforementioned benefits. More information on the Water Meter Improvement Program can be found at www.rdno.ca/watermetering. Metered water consumption can be broken into five categories (Figure 19). The residential category includes water use for homes, including multifamily buildings. Agricultural water is used for growing crops and raising animals. Agricultural water consumption is the largest GVW customer class and has been the largest (in the range of 55%) for the past several years. The institutional/commercial/industrial (ICI) category describes water used by businesses, as well as churches, schools, and hospitals. The last category graphed below, Bulk Sales/Civic Uses, captures miscellaneous activities such as bulk water sales (truck filing station), water main flushing, water quality monitoring stations throughout the distribution network, and firefighting.

Figure 19: GVW Water Consumption by Customer Category (measured at point of use) in 2017

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WATER SUSTAINABILITY AND DEMAND MANAGEMENT GVW’s demand management programs focus on reducing water demand via improved efficiencies, both internally (within the GVW treatment and distribution network) and at the customer’s point of use, to encourage sustainable use of GVW’s water supply. Since implementation of several key demand management initiatives in the late 2000’s, which include water metering, consumption-based rates/fees, and water efficiency education programs, GVW has seen an overall reduction in water demand (Table 15). Education programs provide water users with the tools to improve water use efficiency, while consumption-based water rates encourage users to take advantage of those tools in order to keep their bills as low as possible. However, it should be noted that demand reductions can also be linked to weather patterns and hot, dry years. In 2017, there was an increase in customer demand compared to the wetter year before.

Year Total Water Inflow (ML) Percentage Reduction from 2011 2011 22,419 0% 2012 20,943 -7% 2013 17,025 -24% 2014 17,368 (est.*) -23% 2015 19,234 -15% 2016 17,569 -22% 2017 20,001 -11%

Table 15: Annual Water Inflows to the GVW Water System *2014 value is an estimate due to data loss.

A significant reduction in water demand was seen in 2012, which is likely linked to the implementation of an over-allocation billing rate. This rate’s purpose is to encourage agricultural customers to keep their water use within their annual allocation. Agricultural customers may use more water than allocated, but over allocation is charged at per cubic meter of water used.

Conservation-Oriented Water Rates GVW has employed conservation-oriented water rates for several years, as shown in Table 15. Rates are reviewed annually by the RDNO Board of Directors and are based on the annual operating budget and capital funding needs of the utility, as GVW is not permitted to run multi-year deficits.

Year Infrastructure

Base Fee (Quarterly)

Tier A (0-10 m3)

Tier B (10-20 m3)

Tier C (20-40 m3)

Tier D (40-80 m3)

Tier E (80+ m3)

2012 $78.12 $0.00 $0.00 $0.98 $1.20 $1.74 2013 $80.50 $0.50 $0.90 $1.00 $1.25 $1.80 2014 $99.80 $0.50 $1.05 $1.20 $1.50 $2.15 2015 $101.80 $0.51 $1.07 $1.22 $1.53 $2.19 2016 $95.00 $0.79 $0.79 $0.79 $1.58 $2.37 2017 $90.00 $0.82 $0.82 $0.82 $1.64 $2.46

Table 16: GVW domestic rate structure 2012-2017

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GVW staff continued to promote customer awareness of the water rate structure in 2017 (see Table 16 and 17) through education materials (billing inserts, letters) and by responding to customer inquiries.

Over Consumption / Over Allocation

Year Allocation Fee1

Tier A (0-10%)

Tier B2

(10-30%) Tier C

(30-50%) Tier D

(50-90%) Tier E

(Over 90%) Off Season

Consumption3

2012 $59.50 $0.05 $0.10 $0.20 $0.40-0.80 $1.09 - 2013 $61.25 $0.10 $0.20 $0.40 $0.80 $1.15 - 2014 $65.55 $0.20 $0.40 $0.80 $1.60 $2.15 $0.75 2015 $66.86 $0.51 $1.07 $1.22 $1.53 $2.19 $0.77 2016 $68.20 $0.40 $0.40-0.79 $0.79 $1.58 $1.58 $0.79 2017 $70.72 $0.41 $0.41-0.82 $0.82 $1.64 $1.64 $0.82 Notes: 1. Quarterly Per Hectare of Allocation 2. Adjusted to 20-50% in 2016 3. Fee Per Cubic Metre, Outside of Irrigation Season

Table 17: GVW agricultural rate structure 2012-2017 The over allocation and off season consumption fees, introduced in 2012 and 2014 respectively, appears to be encouraging customers to be more efficient with their consumption. After the rates implementation an increased number of customers inquired about their bill and were interested in accessing their water consumption records via AgConnect, GVW’s online meter information service (described in more detail below). To be an effective tool, rates must be paired with customer education. GVW’s education programs aim to raise awareness of the opportunity to reduce one’s water bill via conservation and to present advice on conservation practices to provide customers the tools they need to lower their water demand. Based on the ongoing analysis of metered water consumption data, received quarterly from municipal billing partners, GVW staff have focused education programming on the top water use activities: agricultural and outdoor landscaping irrigation. It should be noted the conservation programs also include water quality protection information when applicable, as GVW hopes to promote awareness of the need to better manage all aspects of our watershed to ensure a safe and reliable water supply.

Water Efficiency Education Programs - Agricultural Program GVW staff continued to work with the B.C. Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation Industry Association of B.C. to promote awareness of the irrigation planning and efficiency support tools available online. Information about these tools as well as the AgConnect website was presented in direct letters to all GVW agricultural water customers. The AgConnect website (www.rdno.ca/agconnect) is a secure portal to the water meter records of each agricultural customer. The site also lists the percentage of allocation used by the customer so they can adjust their water use to avoid over allocation fees. By providing this information, GVW hopes to support agricultural producers in making efficient irrigation choices and provide clear evidence of the benefits of switching to higher efficiency irrigation systems.

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Water Efficiency Education Programs - Urban Program In cooperation with the OBWB, the Make Water Work media campaign to promote outdoor water efficiency in the Okanagan Basin was continued in 2017. This valuable program provided ready-made educational materials for GVW staff to use and ensured a consistent conservation message throughout the Okanagan Basin through posters, billboards, newspaper, online, and radio advertisements - more information can be found at www.makewaterwork.ca. The campaign’s focus was on the Make Water Work Pledge and encouraging the public to visit the website to learn more about being waterwise by offering a contest. The contest prize was a waterwise landscape makeover, which helped raise local awareness of landscape water conservation through the associated media coverage. A key focus for the program in 2017 was the waterwise plant collection – an easy to distribute flyer meant to encourage people to seek out low water demand plants at their local nursery. Following the recommendations of the 2012 Communications Strategy and Master Water Plan Technical Memorandum #6, staff have continued communicating GVW updates and information through bill inserts, the local newspaper, radio ads, media releases, the RDNO website, and partner websites/social media. In addition to a public education and communication program, staff deliver water conservation programing via workshops and Do-It-Yourself (DIY) materials focused on the highest urban water use sector, outdoor landscaping. GVW staff maintain the Xerindipity Garden, the only formal xeriscape demonstration garden in the Vernon/Coldstream area, to help promote awareness of the benefits of waterwise landscaping. As a result of its central location in Polson Park, Xerindipity sees an estimated 3000 visitors from May-October annually (gates are closed for remainder of year). A summer staff person assists in customer outreach between May and August, which allowed GVW to reach over 1300 people at events including Farmers’ Markets, Canada Day celebrations, the Sunshine Festival, and Boat Launches (to promote awareness of avoiding the spread of invasive mussel species). To address other areas of water conservation, a leak factsheet is available online with other water conservation “DIY” guides, in addition to how-to videos, which can be found at www.rdno.ca/waterwise. Additionally, stream clean-ups were facilitated for multiple community groups, youth, and businesses, through the RDNO Adopt-a-Stream Program, which includes partnerships with the national Yellow Fish Road Program and the Great Canadian Shoreline Clean-Up. GVW staff partnered with Allan Brooks Nature Centre to deliver the Yellow Fish Road Program to local school children. This program involves school children in water stewardship by providing them with stencils to paint yellow fish on storm drains around the community. The painted fish serve as reminders that our storm drains are connected to our streams, rivers, and lakes. In addition to this project, GVW staff presented an educational watershed model to multiple school classes to promote awareness of water pollution and conservation issues. Tours of the DCWTP were offered to students to promote awareness of our drinking water infrastructure, watershed protection, and conservation. A virtual tour video of the DCWTP is also available on-line at www.rdno.ca/water under the Facilities link.

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Drought Management GVW reviewed it’s Drought Management Plan (DMP) in 2017 (Associated Environmental. 2017). Minor changes were recommended, primarily to expand the snow and ground water data collected to aid in forecasting water supply conditions, along with the continued development of the operational flow adjustment procedures to support fisheries needs. The Okanagan Basin Water Board (OBWB) partnered with GVW in 2017 to develop a DMP template for use by other Okanagan utilities. This template is hoped to encourage consistent policies, making it easier to communicate restrictions to customers thereby helping the public take action during drought. Information on GVW’s drought management planning is available via www.rdno.ca/waterrestrictions. The GVW water supply shortage graphic is used to increase awareness of GVW water restrictions, which may be implemented during drought or an infrastructure-related limitation on water supply. Funded by the OBWB, this graphic design project identified appropriate messaging for conveying water restriction stages and water supply levels. The final products included a design for signage and a revised door hanger notice, as shown in Figures 20 and 21. Four other versions were created for the other Stages. In 2017, an agricultural version of this graphic was created as part of a pilot program with the OBWB to develop an email and text alert system for agricultural water customers (Figure 22).

Figure 20: Water Shortage Awareness Sign

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Figure 21: Water Restriction Door Hanger

Figure 22: : Agricultural Customer Drought Awareness Graphic

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LONG TERM IMPROVEMENTS The GVW 2017 Master Water Plan (MWP) provides a long term capital plan for distribution improvements and new capital in order for GVW to achieve full compliance with the Drinking Water Protection Act and BC Drinking Water Treatment objectives and other standards. This version of the GVW MWP also includes asset management to ensure renewal and stability of the current infrastructure. It was adopted by the RDNO Board of Directors and endorsed by Interior Health in 2017 thereby meeting the IH condition on permit to have a long term plan for improvements. The 2017 MWP is available at www.rdno.ca/water.

CONCLUSION GVW follows the requirements in BC’s Drinking Water Protection Act and Regulations. GVW, in conjunction with the CoV and DoC, continue to work hard to ensure the highest quality standards are met for the delivery of safe, clean drinking water to our customers. In 2017, a grant was received to add UV disinfection to the DCWTP. There were 9 capital projects for water supply and distribution upgrades. GVW completed projects outlined in the source assessment response plans for both Duteau and Kalamalka Lake. There were 6,119 water quality tests on the untreated water supply and 16,652 on the treated water distribution system performed. GVW drinking water met the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality and the BC Drinking Water Protection Regulations as per the distribution bacterial sampling summary in Table 11. There were nine (9) Water Quality Media Releases / Information bulletins distributed in 2017. There was one (1) Boil Water Notice that affected GVW customers that lasted for 10 days; May 6- 16, 2017. In 2017, amendments to the Master Water Plan were adopted and endorsed to provide long term improvements to meet the Drinking Water Protection Act and BC Drinking Water Treatment objectives. GVW is pleased to present the 2017 Annual Report, detailing the health and direction of our water system. If you have any questions about this report or want more information about water consumption and production, please contact Greater Vernon Water at 250-550-3700 or email utilities@rdno.ca.

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REFERENCES Associated Environmental. 2017. Water Shortage Management Review for Greater Vernon Water. Prepared for: RDNO. Associated Environmental. 2018. North Kalamalka Lake Vulnerability mapping. Prepared for : RDNO. American Water Works Association (AWWA), 2014. Standard C651-14. British Columbia Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy. 2017. British Columbia Source Drinking Water Quality Guidelines (SDWQG) (WQG-01) Accessed online from: www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/environment/air-land-water/water/waterquality/wqgs-wqos/approved-wqgs/source_drinking_water_quality_guidelines_bcenv.pdf

British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks (MoE). 1998b. Guidelines for Interpreting Water Quality Data Version 1. Prepared for the Aquatic Ecosystems Task Force Resources Inventory Committee. Accessed on-line at: www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/environment/natural-resource-stewardship/standards-guidelines/risc/guidlines_for_interpreting_water_quality_data.pdf British Columbia Ministry of Environment (MoE). 2003. British Columbia Field Sampling Manual for Continuous Monitoring and the Collection of Air, Air-Emission, Water, Wastewater, Soil, Sediment, and Biological Samples. January 2003: www.waterquality.ec.gc.ca/web/Environment~Canada/Water~Quality~Web/assets/PDFs/fld_man_03.pdf British Columbia Ministry of Environment (MoE). 2013. British Columbia Field Sampling Manual for Continuous Monitoring and the Collection of Air, Air-Emission, Water, Wastewater, Soil, Sediment, and Biological Samples. 2013: www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/environment/research-monitoring-and-reporting/monitoring/emre/bc_field_sampling_manual_complete.pdf British Columbia Ministy of Health. 2001. British Columbia Drinking Water Protection Act. Accessed online from: www.bclaws.ca/EPLibraries/bclaws_new/document/ID/freeside/00_01009_01

British Columbia Ministy of Health. 2003. British Columbia Drinking Water Protection Regulations Accessed online from: www.bclaws.ca/EPLibraries/bclaws_new/document/ID/freeside/200_2003

British Columbia Ministry of Health. 2013. Decision Tree for Responding to Turbidity Event in Unfiltered Drinking Water, Accessed online from: www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/environment/air-land-water/water/waterquality/how-drinking-water-is-protected-in-bc/1078529_dwog_part_b_-_9_turbidity_decision_tree.pdf British Columbia Ministy of Health . 2012. Drinking Water Treatment Objectives ( Micobiological) for Surface Water in British Columbia . Version 1.1 Accessed online from: www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/environment/air-land-water/water/waterquality/how-drinking-water-is-protected-in-bc/part_b_-_5_surface_water_treatment_objectives.pdf

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British Columbia Ministry of Health. 2017. Decision Protocol for Cyanobacterial Toxins in B.C. Drinking Water and Recreational Water Decision. Accessed online from: www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/environment/air-land-water/water/waterquality/how-drinking-water-is-protected-in-bc/dwog_part_b_-_8_cyanobacteria.pdf Cole, Gerald A. 1994. Textbook of Limnology, Fourth Edition. EBB Enviromemtal Consulting Inc. 2017. Summary of 2017 Canada Goose Management Program: Egg Addling and Population Surveys. Prepared for: Okanagan Valley Goose Management Program.

Ecoscape Consulting Ltd. 2017 Duteau Watershed Vulnerability Mapping Technical memo and GIS mapping project. Prepared for: RDNO.

Ecoscape Environmental Consultants and Larratt Aquatic Consulting Ltd. 2017. Kalamalka and Wood Lake Boat Impact Study on Source Water. Prepared for: Okanagan Conservation Collaborative Program.

Health Canada. 2017. Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality and the Technical Documents Accessed online from: http://hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/water-eau/drink-potab/guide/index-eng.php.

Kerr Wood Leidal Associates Ltd & Dobson Engineering Ltd. December 2008. Duteau Creek Watershed Assessment & Recommendations for Source Protection. Final Report. Prepared for: RDNO.

Larratt Aquatic Consulting Ltd. 2011. Source Assessment of the Regional District of North Okanagan - Greater Vernon Water Utility North Kalamalka Lake Intake. Final Report. Prepared for: RDNO.

Larratt Aquatic Consulting Ltd. 2017 Kalamalka Lake Water Quality Study. Microflora, Water Chemistry & Thermal Profiles. Prepared for CoV, Lake Country/Oyama Improvement District, Coldstream Improvement District, MWLAP.

Okanagan Basin Water Board. 2017. Don’t Move a Mussel Accessed online from: https://dontmoveamussel.ca/

Regional District of North Okanagan. April 2014. Duteau Creek Watershed Assessment Response Plan. Prepared for: Interior Health.

Regional District of North Okanagan. 2017. 2017 Greater Vernon Water, Water Quality Monitoring Program. Prepared for: Interior Health.

Regional District of North Okanagan. 2018. 2018 Greater Vernon Water, Water Quality Monitoring Program. Prepared for: Interior Health.

Regional District of North Okanagan. March 2017. North Kalamalka Lake Assessment Response Plan. Prepared: for Interior Health.

Urban Systems. March 2017. Asset Management Investment Plan, Greater Vernon Water, Parks and Culture. Prepared for: RDNO.

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APPENDIX 1

SOURCE (RAW) WATER COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS

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Kalamalka Lake Raw Water Summary The Kalamalka Lake raw water sample is taken at a sample line located in the Kalamalka Lake Pump Station. A sample is taken weekly throughout the year. An on-line Turbidimeter is located in the Pump Station to monitor real time turbidity changes. Physical - Chemical (Table 18, 19, 20) All the raw water physical and chemical parameters were within the Canadian Guideline limits except turbidity (maximum allowable concentration less than 1 NTU). The Kalamalka Lake water hardness is considered hard with a Total Hardness Average of 174 mg/L (milligrams per liter) as CaCO3. Most parameters showed similar average results as those in 2016 except for Chlorophyll-a, Apparent Colour and True Colour. All three parameters increased 1.5 to 3 times. Water Quality staff will closely monitor this in 2018 to see if there is an upward trend in these parameters. Parameter Average Minimum Maximum Number of

Tests in 2017 Turbidity (NTU) 1.05 0.40 2.10 50 pH 8.12 7.60 8.60 51 Temperature (Celsius) 8.0 3.8 13.6 51 Conductivity (micro S/cm) 422 400 490 51 Alkalinity (mg/L) 139 107 158 5 Chloride (mg/L) 8.6 8.6 8.6 1 Chlorophyll A (micro g/L) 2.53 0.62 4.26 7 Colour (apparent) (ACU) 18.2 7.0 25.0 5 Colour (True) (TCU) 5.60 2.0 10.0 5 Dissolved Organic Carbon (mg/L) 3.65 2.80 4.57 15 Hardness (mg/L) 172 168 174 5 Phosphorus (Total) (mg/L) 0.0074 0.0036 0.0120 8 Sulphate (mg/L) 47 39 62 5 Total Nitrogen (mg/L) 0.336 0.154 0.821 10 Total Organic Carbon / TOC (mg/L) 3.8 3.1 5.2 15 UVT Filtered (%) 91.0 88.7 92.9 46 UVT Unfiltered (%) 90.0 87.9 92.4 46

Table 18 : Raw Water Grab Samples Kalamalka Lake Intake

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North Kalamalka Lake Intake Water Quality 2017 Sampling Point: Kal Lake Intake (6D65) Date: 7/18/2017

Canadian Drinking Water Guidelines

INORGANIC Results (mg/L unless noted)

Maximum Acceptable Concentration (MAC)

Aesthetic Objective (AO)

Aluminum (total) 0.0078 no current guideline < 0.1 Antimony (total) <0.0001 <0.006 Arsenic (total) 0.00093 <0.01 Barium (total) 0.0299 <1 Beryllium (total) <0.001 no current guideline Boron (total) 0.0214 <5 Cadmium (total) <0.00001 <0.005 Calcium (total) 40.1 no current guideline Chloride 8.64 <250 Chromium (total) <0.0005 <0.05 Cobalt (total) <0.00010 no current guideline Copper (total) 0.0123 <1.0 Cyanide (total) <0.0020 <0.2 Fluoride 0.29 <1.5 Iron (total) 0.012 <0.30 Lead (total) <0.0001 <0.01 Magnesium (total) 19.8 no current guideline Manganese (total) 0.00365 <0.05 Mercury (total) <0.00002 <0.001 Molybdenum (total) 0.00519 no current guideline Nickel (total) 0.00046 no current guideline Nitrate (as N) 0.053 <10 mg/L as N Nitrite (as N) <0.010 <1 mg/L as N Phosphorus (total) 0.01 no current guideline Potassium (total) 4.97 no current guideline Selenium (total) 0.00109 <0.01 Silicon (total) <5 no current guideline Silver (total) <0.0005 no current guideline Sodium (total) 19.4 <200 Sulphate 53.8 <500 Uranium (total 0.0033 <0.02 Vanadium (total) <0.01 no current guideline Zinc (total) <0.0040 <5.0

PHYSICAL Results (mg/L unless noted)

Maximum Acceptable Concentration (MAC)

Aesthetic Objective (AO)

Alkalinity (total, as CaCO3) 149 no current guideline Colour <5 <15 TCU Conductivity 394 no current guideline Hardness (total, as CaCO3) 183 see note pH 8.16 6.5 - 8.5 Total dissolved solids / TDS 241 <500 Turbidity 1.01 1 NTU <5 NTU UV Transmittance @ 254 (%) 89.3%

Table 19: Raw Water (untreated) at North Kalamalka Lake Intake

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Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

VOCs Results (mg/L) Maximum Acceptable Concentration (MAC)

Aesthetic Objective (AO)

Benzene <0.0005 MAC=5 Bromodichloromethane <0.0010 N/A Bromoform <0.001 N/A Carbon tetrachloride <0.0005 MAC=2 Chloroethane <0.002 N/A Chloroform <0.001 N/A Dibromochloromethane <0.001 N/A Dibromomethane <0.003 N/A 1,2-Dichlorobenzene <0.0005 AO<=3 1,3-Dichlorobenzene <0.001 N/A 1,4-Dichlorobenzene <0.001 AO<=1 1,1-Dichloroethane <0.001 N/A 1,2-Dichloroethane <0.0010 MAC=5 trans-1,2-Dichloroethene <0.001 N/A 1,2-Dichloropropane <0.001 N/A 1,3-Dichloropropene <0.001 N/A Ethylbenzene <0.001 AO<=1.6 Methyl tert-butyl ether <0.001 AO<=15 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane <0.0005 N/A Toluene <0.001 AO<=24 1,1,1-Trichloroethane <0.0010 N/A 1,1,2-Trichloroethane <0.0010 N/A Trichloroethene <0.001 MAC=5 Trichlorofluoromethane <0.001 N/A Vinyl chloride < MAC=2 Xylenes (total) <0.002 AO<=20

Table 20 : North Kalamalka Lake Intake Volatile Organic Compound Results (2017) Turbidity The Kalamalka Lake turbidity is a challenging factor for water quality as it may affect the MHWTP UV disinfection process. RDNO Operations have developed a procedure that directs operations during increasing turbidity events and turbidity effect on UV Transmittance. Historically, the water stays below one (1) NTU except during freshet and Kalamalka Lake’s natural process called “marl”. Seasonally, the turbidity rises in late July as the “marl” precipitation occurs in Kalamalka Lake which is due to the lake’s naturally high calcium and sulphate concentrations. The “marl” creates the color in Kalamalka Lake. The timing and the intensity of the color varies from year to year due to the fluctuations in water chemistry, water temperature and algae growth. The marl precipitation helps Kalamalka Lake because it co-precipitates phosphorous. As soon as the marl occurs, phosphorous drops and algae production declines (Larratt Aquatic Consulting, 2013). In the Kalamalka Lake Water Quality Study (Larratt Aquatic Consulting, 2017), it noted that the marl event was very weak due to flooding and a large freshet. The marl turbidity peaked at 2.1 NTU. A

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pronounced spike at 20 m corresponded to freshet and the marl precipitation in 2017. Occasionally, higher turbidity corresponded with higher concentrations of cyanobacteria and detritus as well. By October, marl cleared from the upper 20 m and increased turbidity in deeper water. The GVW online daily raw water turbidity average at the North Kal intake was 0.94 NTU with a maximum of 2.55 NTU May 15, 2017. The on-line daily average at MHWTP was 0.84 NTU in 2017 with a maximum of 2.12 NTU. Freshet was extremely turbid in May 2017 and the Kalamalka Lake intake was turned off for most of this time period. The turbidity generated by the ‘marl’ is inorganic (calcite (calcium carbonate) and gypsum (calcium sulphate)), and does not affect the UV Transmissivity. However, when turbidity is generated during freshet, from erosion, landslides, or an environmental spill, it can greatly effect the UV Transmissivity. The UV Transmittance is monitored along with turbidity to ensure proper disinfection levels are occurring. In the fall of 2016, the Kalamalka Lake intake was extended by 72 m which increased the clearance from the lake bottom to 3.5 m but did not increase the intake depth. A decrease in turbidity has been noted since this project occurred and will continue to be monitored closely to see if this decreasing trend continues (Larratt Aquatic Consulting, 2017). In 2017, the Kalamalka Lake source was turned off from April 20 until May 6 and from May 15 until June 15. These two shut offs were due to high turbidity caused by freshet. During these events GVW used the DCWTP to supply the entire distribution system. The 2017 turbidity statistics for Kalamalka Lake are located in Table 26.

Figure 23: Online daily average turbidity 2017 for Kalamalka Water at Intake and at MHWTP

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Biological – Microbiology - Bacteria in Source Water

Total Coliform

Total Coliform MPN

Total Coliform

CFU/100 mL E.coli E.coli

Coli MPN E.coli

CFU/100 mL

Min 1 <1 Min <1 <1 Max 165.2 200.0 Max 65.9 57.0 Average 26.4 19.0 Average 10.6 8.2 # sample 50 45 # Samples 50 45

> 100 CFU 2 2 > 20 CFU/MPN 8 6

% >100 CFU 4% 4% % >20 CFU/MPN 16% 13%

Table 21: Kalamalka Lake Raw Water Bacteria Stats Total Coliform is monitored as an indictor bacteria to assess changes in source water. It is compared to the British Columbia Drinking Water Treatment Objectives (Microbiological) for Surface Water Supplies (BC. MOH.2012); Total Coliform should not exceed 100 CFU / 100 mL in at least 90% of the weekly samples. In 2017, the Total Coliform numbers were highest in January to March and again in September and October. During these times, 2 samples were above 50 CFU / 100 mL. The highest count for Total Coliform in 2017 was 200 CFU / 100 mL sampled on March 14, 2017.

Figure 24: Kalamalka Raw Water, Total Coliform at Intake

E.coli is monitored as an indicator bacteria in the raw water to assess changes in the source water and compare the levels to the British Columbia Drinking Water Treatment Objectives (Microbiological) for Surface Water Supplies (BC. MOH.2012); The number of E. coli in raw water does not exceed 20/100 mL (or if E. coli data are not available less than 100/100 mL of total coliform) in at least 90% of the weekly samples from the previous six months.

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n-18

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iform

CFU

or

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per

100

mL

Total ColiformMPN/100mL

Total coliforms (counts)(counts/100mL)

<10% 100 Total Coliform Temperature(degrees C)

47

In 2017, the E.coli results did not meet the objectives with elevated E.coli > 20 CFU/100 Ml occurring on January 10, February 7, 21, March 14, October 17, and December 5,12, and 19. In November 2016, the Kalamalka intake was lifted to 3 meters from the lake bottom. The percentage of E.coli > 20 CFU/ 100 mL improved by 2% from 2016 to 2017, the % of Total coliform > 100 CFU/100 mL improved by 5%.

Figure 25: Kalamalka Raw Water at Intake E.coli

Total Organic Carbon (TOC)

TOC is a measure of dissolved and suspended carbon bound in organic molecules and organisms. Both chlorophyll-a and TOC are affected by micro flora density: the monthly TOC is correlated with chlorophyll-a. This is important as the MHWTP has UV disinfection and no filtration. The TOC and DOC’s can affect the effectiveness of the UV disinfection by reducing the UV Transmissivity. The Surface Drinking Water Quality Guideline for Total Organic Carbon is 4.0 mg/L. The Total Organic Carbon at the Kalamalka Intake averaged at 3.7 mg/L and the Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) averaged at 3.8 mg/L in 2017. The highest level of TOC was observed on October 17 at 5.2 mg/L. The highest level of DOC was observed on October 17 at 4.6 mg/L (MAC) (SDWQG, MOE, 2017).

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r CFU

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E-coli MPN… Escherichia coli / E. coli (counts)… < 20 E.coli

Filtration Exclusion Criteria: E.coli in raw water does not

48

Figure 26: Kalamalka Total and Dissolved Organic Carbon (mg/L) vs. Chlorophyll (ug/L)

The Chlorophyll- a averaged at 2.5 mg/L in 2017 with a peak on June 14th as 4.3 ug/L and a second peak on Nov 21st at 3.78 ug/L. Nutrients Excessive amounts of Nitrogen and Phosphorus is an accepted concept called nutrient loading, (Cole, Limnology, 1994). There is a well defined relationship between phosphous and the amount of algal biomass in a lake ( SDWQG, MOE, 2017). These parameters are monitored during the growing season and especially during spring and fall lake turn-over. To understand the nutrient loading and the potential for algae blooms an outline is provided in the BC Decision Protocol for Cyanobateria Toxins (MOH, 2017). Within the protocol the recommendation to further investigate toxin formation is if yes is answered to any of the following: Nitrogen greater than 658 ug/L; Phosphorous greater than 26 ug/L; N:P ration less than 23; blooms observed. On October 17, 2017, the Total phosphorous was at its highest level at 0.12 mg/L (120 ug/L). The Total Nitrogen was 0.259 mg/L (259 ug/L). The N:P ratio was 21.6. All other dates the ratio were greater than 23. Further study and observation on Kalamalka Lake Miroflora, water chemistry and thermal profiles was reported by Larratt Aquatic Consulting Ltd.

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L

Dissolved Organic Carbon(mg/L)

Total Organic Carbon / TOC(mg/L)

Chlorophyll a(micro g/L)

49

Figure 27: Kalamalka Total Phosphorous and Total Nitrogen

Duteau Creek Raw Water Summary The raw water sample for Duteau Creek is taken from a sample line in the Headgates building (instrumentation, flow meters etc. reside). This sample line is from the main transmission line that connects to the Duteau Creek Water Treatment Plant (DCWTP) downstream. A sample is taken weekly throughout the year. An online Turbidimeter is located in the building to monitor changes in turbidity and serves as an early warning for the DCWTP. Physical – Chemical All the raw water physical and chemical parameters were within the Canadian Guideline limits except for the color (aesthetic objective less than 15 true color units), iron (aesthetic objective less than 0.30 mg/L), aluminum (aesthetic objective less than 0.1 mg/L), turbidity (maximum allowable concentration less than 1 NTU), and the summer water temperature (aesthetic objective less than 15 °C).

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

0.012

0.014

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0.2

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0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

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spho

rous

mg/

L

Tota

l N

itrog

en m

g/L

Phosphorus (total) Total Nitrogen

50

Parameter Average Minimum Maximum Number of

Tests in 2017 Turbidity (NTU) 2.55 0.42 23.1 53 pH 7.7 7.2 8.3 53 Temperature (Celsius) 9.3 2.0 19.1 52 Conductivity (micro S/cm) 61 40 120 53 Alkalinity (mg/L) 19.5 16.2 26.0 4 Aluminum (dissolved) (mg/L) 0.05 0.03 0.07 11 Aluminum (total) (mg/L) 0.13 0.13 0.46 12 Chloride (mg/L) 3 1 6 4 Chlorophyll A (micro g/L) 1.1 0.6 1.6 7 Colour (apparent) (ACU) 75.9 51.0 116.0 12 Colour (True) (TCU) 54.1 32.0 65.0 12 Dissolved Organic Carbon (mg/L) 9.3 7.3 10.8 8 Hardness (mg/L) 25.0 21.0 35.7 4 Iron (mg/L) 0.29 0.16 0.44 4 Phosphorus (Total) (mg/L) 0.02 0.01 0.02 4 Sodium (Total) (mg/L) 1.40 1.40 1.40 1 Total Nitrogen (mg/L) 0.278 0.248 0.337 9 Total Organic Carbon / TOC (mg/L) 9.5 7.7 10.9 9 UVT Filtered (%) 44.4 37.7 52.4 13 UVT Unfiltered (%) 42.8 34.4 51.4 13

Table 22: Raw Water Grab Samples - Duteau Creek Intake

51

Duteau Creek Water Quality 2017 Sampling Point: Headgates Intake Date: 7/17/2017

Canadian Drinking Water Guidelines

INORGANIC Results (mg/L unless noted)

Maximum Acceptable Concentration (MAC)

Aesthetic Objective (AO)

Aluminum (total) 0.114 no current guideline < 0.1 Antimony (total) <0.00010 0.006 Arsenic (total) <0.00050 0.01 Barium (total) 0.0109 1 Boron (total) 0.0292 5 Cadmium (total) <0.00001 0.005 Calcium (total) 4.69 no current guideline Chloride 2.34 <250 Chromium (total) 0.00055 0.05 Cobalt (total) <0.0001 no current guideline Copper (total) 0.00569 <1 Cyanide (total) <0.0020 0.2 Fluoride 0.15 1.5 Iron (total) 0.32 <0.30 Lead (total) <0.0001 0.01 Magnesium (total) 1.24 no current guideline Manganese (total) 0.0168 <0.05 Mercury (total) <0.00002 0.001 Molybdenum (total) 0.00029 no current guideline Nickel (total) 0.00126 no current guideline Nitrate (as N) <0.010 Nitrite (as N) <0.010 Phosphorus (total) 0.0160 no current guideline Potassium (total) 0.88 no current guideline Selenium (total) <0.0005 0.05 Sodium (total) 1.40 <200 Sulphate 2.4 <500 Uranium (total) 0.000076 no current guideline Zinc (total) <0.004 <5

PHYSICAL Results (mg/L unless noted)

Maximum Acceptable Concentration (MAC)

Aesthetic Objective (AO)

Alkalinity (total, as CaCO3) 14 no current guideline

Colour 65 <15 TCU Conductivity 38.9 no current guideline Hardness (total, as CaCO3) 16.8 see note

pH 7.26 6.5 - 8.5 Total dissolved solids / TDS 21.3 <500

Turbidity 1.16 1 NTU <5 NTU

Table 23: Raw Water (Untreated) at Duteau Creek Intake

52

Duteau Creek Water Quality at Haddo Weir 2017 Sampling Point: Haddo Weir Date: 7/19/2017 Canadian Drinking Water Guidelines

INORGANIC Results (mg/L unless noted)

Maximum Acceptable Concentration (MAC)

Aesthetic Objective (AO)

Aluminum (total) 0.15 no current guideline < 0.1 Antimony (total) <0.0001 0.006 Arsenic (total) <0.0005 0.01 Barium (total) 0.0134 1 Boron (total) 0.0451 5 Cadmium (total) <0.00001 0.005 Calcium (total) 3.78 no current guideline Chloride 0.16 <250 Chromium (total) <0.0005 0.05 Cobalt (total) <0.0001 no current guideline Copper (total) 0.00137 <1 Cyanide (total) <0.002 0.2 Fluoride <0.10 1.5 Iron (total) 0.383 <0.30 Lead (total) <0.0001 0.01 Magnesium (total) 1.15 no current guideline Manganese (total) 0.0263 <0.05 Mercury (total) <0.00002 0.001 Molybdenum (total) 0.00023 no current guideline Nickel (total) 0.00146 no current guideline Nitrate (as N) <0.01 Nitrite (as N) <0.01 Potassium (total) 0.91 no current guideline Selenium (total) <0.0005 0.05 Sodium (total) 1.45 <200 Sulphate 1.9 <500 Uranium (total) 0.000059 no current guideline Zinc (total) <0.004 <5

PHYSICAL Results (mg/L unless noted)

Maximum Acceptable Concentration (MAC)

Aesthetic Objective (AO)

Alkalinity (total, as CaCO3) 11 no current guideline

Colour 61 <15 TCU Conductivity 32 no current guideline Hardness (total, as CaCO3) 14.2 see note

pH 7.00 6.5 - 8.5 Total dissolved solids / TDS 16.3 <500

Turbidity 1.05 1 NTU <5 NTU

Table 24: Raw Water at Haddo Reservoir Weir Entering Duteau Creek

53

Watershed Sampling

Watershed sampling includes sampling at three tributaries to Duteau Creek below the storage reservoirs, at the Haddo weir which is downstream of the Haddo outlet into Duteau Creek, and at a bridge located at 12.5 km on the Haddo Main (Duteau Bridge). A comprehensive sample is taken at the Haddo Weir to look at the water quality changes from the reservoir to the Intake at Headgates. In July 2017, there was a slight decrease of Aluminum from the weir to the intake, a slight increase of uranium, TDS, and Turbidity. The only significant change was the chloride level at the weir was 0.16 mg/L and at he intake was 2.34 mg/L.

Turbidity The online daily raw water turbidity average at the Duteau Intake (Headgates) was above 1 NTU 64% of the time in 2017 with a daily average of 1.83 NTU; however the online daily average turbidity after treatment at the Duteau Creek Water Treatment Plant (DCWTP) remained below 1 NTU 100% of the time. The maximum turbidity at the intake for a 24 hour period was 30.04 NTU. Prior to the DCWTP, GVW would have issued a Boil Water Notice to customers if turbidity was above 5 NTU. The DCWTP has been very effective in reducing the turbidity to the below 1 NTU target, however in 2017, new challenges arose. The raw water turbidity started to increase in April and peaked on the weekend of May 6. During this peak the DCWTP was shut off as turbidity reached a max of 75.57 NTU on May 6 and operations were unsure if they could maintain a treated turbidity of < 1 NTU. After the turbidity peak started to decrease the plant was turned back on May 7. Unfortunately, the Kalamalka Lake intake also had a turbidity peak during this time and GVW had to issue a Boil Water Notice from May 6 to May 16. The max turbidity readings are not in Figure 27 as there was not a daily average due to the DCWTP being turned off and turned back on.

Figure 28: Daily Online Average Turbidity at Duteau Creek Intake and DCWTP Reservoir Outflow After

Treatment for 2017

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Headgates Online Turbidity DCWTP… Notification 1.5 NTU after DCWTP

54

Bacteria in Source Water In 2017, Total Coliform increased in late May and then remained high through October (peaking in September). High water levels throughout the watershed in May, increased organic loading and may have increased the Total Coliform numbers. The E.coli numbers increased in May through June. The highest E.coli counts were in June with the maximum on June 12 at 580 E.coli CFU/100 mL. Duteau Creek raw water does not meet the British Columbia Drinking Water Treatment Objectives (Microbiological) for Surface Water Supplies (BC. MOH.2012). The number of E. coli in raw water does not exceed 20/100 mL (or if E. coli data are not available less than 100/100 mL of total coliform) in at least 90% of the weekly samples from the previous six months. Total Coliform Total Coliform

MPN Total Coliform CFU/100 mL E.coli E.coli

Coli MPN E.coli

CFU/100 mL Min 9 <1 Min <1 <1 Max 201 1,500 Max 201 580 Average 73 188 Average 16 22 # sample 51 52 # sample 51 52 > 100 MPN/CFU 13 20 > 20 MPN/CFU 6 7

% >100 MPN/CFU 25% 38% % >100

MPN/CFU 12% 13%

Table 25: Duteau Creek Intake - Raw Water Bacteria

Figure 29: Raw Water at Duteau Creek Intake - Total Coliform and Water Temperature

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) per

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55

Figure 30: Raw Water at Duteau Creek Intake E.coli

Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) Total and Dissolved Organic Carbon are a measure of dissolved and suspended carbon bound in organic molecules and organism are important measures for the Duteau Creek water as they are precursors for disinfection by-products (this is discussed further in Water Treatment and the Distribution section). This is also important at the DCWTP moves towards UV disinfection in late 2018. DOC’s can affect the effectiveness of the UV disinfection by reducing the UV Transmissivity. The Surface Drinking Water Quality Guideline for Total Organic Carbon is 4.0 mg/L.(MAC) (SDWQG, MOE, 2017). The DCWTP lowers the TOC and DOC. The raw water TOC average in 2017 was 9.5 mg/L and the DOC averaged at 9.3 mg/L. Most of the organic carbon is dissolved.

Figure 31: Duteau Creek Intake TOC and DOC Trending 2017

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Ecol

i MPN

/CFU

Cou

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per 1

00 m

L E-coli (MPN/100mL) E. coli (CFU/100mL) < 20 E.coli

June 12, 2017 580 CFU/100 ml

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mg/

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Total Organic Carbon / TOC… Dissolved Organic Carbon…

56

APPENDIX 2

WATER TREATMENT

57

Turbidity Statistics

Turbidity and Treatment Targets The following information is gathered from the on-line turbidity instruments at the intakes and at the point of where the treated water enters the distribution. The hourly readings are captured to form the statistics table below. On-line turbidity instruments report to the SCADA and are alarmed at set numbers to ensure operator and staff respond as outlined in the GVW Water Quality Deviation Response Plan.

2017 Online Daily Average Turbidity Statistics

Kalamalka Intake MHWTP Duteau

Intake DCWTP

Average 0.94 0.84 1.83 0.26 Minimum 0.33 0.34 0.58 0.18 Maximum 2.55 2.12 30.04 0.84 95% Percentile 1.94 1.45 5.86 0.37 Counts <1 NTU 206 219 121 336 Counts >1 NTU 109 96 215 0 Counts > 3.5 NTU 0 0 36 0 Counts > 5 NTU 0 0 21 0

Table 26: Turbidity Statistics for 2017

Mission Hill Water Treatment Plant (UV Disinfection) Ultra Violet Transmittance (UVT) (Figure 32) The UV disinfection is reported in % Transmittance or Absorption. Measuring UV-light at the specified wavelength of 254nm measures the effectiveness of the UV light for disinfection of the drinking water. %UVT represents the amount of light transmitted through the water. UV Transmittance (UVT) is not turbidity. The water’s clarity is not an effective indicator, because both solid and dissolved material can absorb UV light. For example, metals (iron) in water are not visible to the human eye but absorb UV light and have a negative impact on UVT. The UV Transmittance is measured using Standard Methods 10054 as a filtered and unfiltered sample (staff analyze unfiltered UVT as there are no filters at the GVW treatment plants). The filtered and unfiltered samples were above 88% UVT at all times in 2017 with the lowest values occurring from July through November. The flooding that occurred in 2017 affected the timing and the intensity of the marl. This trending will be observed in 2018.

58

Figure 32: UV Transmissivity measured at GVW Lab weekly both filtered and unfiltered

MHWTP Monthly Averages

MHWTP 2017

Pre Contact

Chamber – Chlorine

mg/L

Post Contact Chamber- Chlorine

mg/L Turbidity NTU SCADA

Monthly Average SCADA SCADA

Grab Sample

Free Chlorine

SCADA Grab Sample UVT UVD

Total Monthly

Flow (ML)

January 2.18 2.00 1.85 0.52 0.56 92.7 64.1 331.6 February 2.21 2.02 1.87 0.46 0.53 93.2 52.3 497.6 March 2.37 2.15 1.91 0.85 0.78 92.9 49.4 593.9 April 2.26 2.16 1.95 1.33 0.88 92.0 51.1 349.8 May * 2.16 1.75 0.93 1.13 91.7 65.1 115.5 June 2.06 2.19 1.96 0.82 0.90 93.0 53.4 272.6 July 2.45 1.98 1.93 1.10 0.96 93.4 47.9 910.8 August 2.36 2.18 1.87 0.91 1.24 91.7 47.3 992.2 September 2.45 2.06 2.07 1.45 1.41 93.1 47.6 827.2 October 2.43 2.20 2.10 1.17 0.98 92.2 60.9 399.8 November 2.31 2.09 2.04 0.63 0.63 92.0 68.7 365.0 December 2.19 1.99 1.86 0.47 0.51 92.7 62.6 436.4 2017 Average 2.30 2.10 1.93 0.89 0.88 92.6 55.9 507.7

Table 27: Mission Hill Water Treatment Monthly Averages for 2017.

*There was no SCADA data available for the Pre Contact Chamber Chlorine for May.

90.0

90.5

91.0

91.5

92.0

92.5

93.0

93.5

94.0

94.5

95.0

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% U

V Tr

ansm

isiv

ity

UV Transmittance - Filtered (%) UV Transmittance - Unfiltered (%)

59

Duteau Creek Water Treatment Plant

Aluminum Aluminum has an operational guidance value, designed to apply only to drinking water treatment plants using aluminum-based coagulants. The operational guidance values of 0.1 mg/L applies to conventional treatment plants, and 0.2 mg/L applies to other types of treatment systems and is reported as a 12 month running average. Total and dissolved aluminum are measured monthly at the reservoir of the Duteau Creek Water Treatment Plant, at the intake, and in the distribution system. The numbers reflect inherent flocculation carry through from the Dissolved Air Floatation (DAF) process. Elevated dissolved aluminum is an indicator of over application of Poly Aluminum Chloride (PAC), the plants primary coagulant. Figure 33 below shows the 12 month running average of Total Aluminum from 2011 – 2017 and illustrates improved control of the coagulant over the years since the treatment plant started operating in late 2010. Total Aluminum is one of the measured parameters used for Water Quality Indicators (WQI) at the plant. Filtration would reduce the total aluminum to below the operational guideline. This was explored during the filtration pilot study.

Figure 33: 12 Month Running Average of Aluminum at the Duteau Creek Intake (Raw), the DCWTP and Duteau

Distribution

Total and Dissolved Organic Carbon Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) is measured on-line as it enters the plant and then measured in the DCWTP lab by the operators. These numbers are compared with samples taken at both the raw line into the plant and the reservoir outflow (treated water) for both total and dissolved organic carbon. The Total Organic Carbon (TOC) removal through the DCWTP in 2017 was between 41 and 51%. The average TOC removal was 46%. TOC’s are precursors for Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs) within the water distribution system. The DOC removal in 2017 was between 36 and 48%,

0.000

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0.600

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Duteau Intake - Untreated DCWTP Reservoir Outflow

Distribution PRV#1 Operational Guideline

60

the average DOC removal was 43%. Note, the reduction of TOC and DOC after treatment in Figure 34.

Figure 34: Total and Dissolved Organic Carbon at Duteau Intake and at the DCWTP

Both TOC and DOC levels affect the generation of Trihalomethanes (THMs in Figure 36, 37) and are of interest as we use UV for disinfection. The graph below shows the organic levels measured at the intake before treatment 2010-2017. Note that in 2010 and 2011, there were some upward trending, peaking on June 17, 2011 with TOC reaching 79.3 mg/L and the DOC at 74.6 mg/L. Since 2011 the maximum levels of 23.5 mg/L TOC and 20.9 mg/L DOC occurred on August 20, 2013.

Figure 35: Historical Total and Dissolved Organic Carbon - Duteau Raw and Treated

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C in

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mg/

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DCWTP Reservoir outflow DOC (mg/L)

DCWTP Reservoir outflow TOC (mg/L)

Headgates bldg Raw DOC (mg/L)

Headgates bldg Raw TOC (mg/L)

Linear (DCWTP Reservoir outflow TOC (mg/L))

Linear (Headgates bldg Raw TOC (mg/L))

61

Table 28 shows the DCWTP monthly averages from SCADA and laboratory analyse. Eighteen days of data could not be recovered from SCADA in September through December. From October 12 until December 31, data could not be recovered from SCADA for Ultra Violet Transmissivity.

Table 28: Duteau Creek Water Treatment Plant Monthly Averages Flow, Turbidity, Free Chlorine, pH and Colour

2017 DCWTP Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total / Average

Plant Flow ML 332.8 195.9 258.3 551.2 1233.2 1710.2 1720.2 2335.0 866.7 429.4 316.7 261.0 10210.6 Irrigation Flow ML 0.13 0.02 0.02 0.47 10.3 87.7 438.6 381.7 118.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 1037.5 Raw Water Turbidity NTU 0.8 0.9 1.1 2.8 2.2 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.26 Reservoir Turbidity NTU 1.11 1.41 1.35 3.49 10.86 1.37 0.96 1.15 1.00 0.71 0.70 1.15 2.10 DAF Turbidity NTU 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.26 Reservoir Free Chlorine mg/L 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.23 Reservoir pH 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.85 Total Color Removal % 95.2 94.3 95.1 94.4 95.8 95.5 95.6 95.3 95.2 95.4 94.6 94.3 95.06 Ultra Violet Transmissivity 86.5 85.6 86.0 85.7 89.3 90.1 88.1 87.9 91.7 93.5 88.4

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APPENDIX 3

TREATED WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

63

GVW Water Distribution Summary

Mission Hill Water Treatment Plant / Kalamalka Distribution System Physical – Chemical All the physical and chemical parameters were well within the Canadian Guideline limits except for the summer water temperature in the far reaches of the distribution system (aesthetic objective less than 150C), and turbidity during spring freshet and “marl” conditions. Hardness has no guidelines however hardness levels between 80 and 100 mg/L as calcium carbonate are considered acceptable to most customers. The hardness for the Kalamalka Distribution system is approximately 182 mg/L, which is considered hard.

Kalamalka Distribution Water Quality July 2017 Sampling Point: Allenby Pump Station Date: 7/18/2017 Canadian Drinking Water Guidelines

INORGANIC Results (mg/L unless noted)

Maximum Acceptable Concentration (MAC)

Aesthetic Objective (AO)

Aluminum (total) 0.012 no current guideline < 0.1 Antimony (total) <0.0001 0.006 Arsenic (total) 0.00095 0.01 Barium (total) 0.0274 1 Boron (total) 0.0185 5 Cadmium (total) <0.00001 0.005 Calcium (total) 41.7 no current guideline Chloride 13.2 <250 Chromium (total) <0.0005 0.05 Cobalt (total) <0.0001 no current guideline Copper (total) 0.0247 <1 Cyanide (total) <0.002 0.2 Fluoride 0.31 1.5 Iron (total) 0.025 <0.30 Lead (total) 0.00016 0.01 Magnesium (total) 20.2 no current guideline Manganese (total) 0.00401 <0.05 Mercury (total) <0.00002 0.001 Molybdenum (total) 0.00513 no current guideline Nickel (total) 0.00059 no current guideline Nitrate (as N) 0.058 Nitrite (as N) <0.010 Phosphorus (total) 0.004 no current guideline Potassium (total) 5.55 no current guideline Selenium (total) 0.00093 0.05 Sodium (total) 23.5 <200 Sulfate (total) 52.1 <500 Uranium (total) 0.00350 0.02 Zinc (total) <0.004 <5

64

Sampling Point: Allenby Pump Station Date: 7/18/2017 Canadian Drinking Water Guidelines

INORGANIC Results (mg/L unless noted)

Maximum Acceptable Concentration (MAC)

Aesthetic Objective (AO)

Alkalinity (total, as CaCO3) 147 no current guideline

Colour <5 <15 TCU Conductivity 414 no current guideline Hardness (total, as CaCO3) 187 see note

pH 8.04 6.5 - 8.5 Total dissolved solids 246 <500 Turbidity 0.74 1 NTU <5 NTU

Table 29: Treated Water Parameters in GVW Water Distribution System – Kalamalka / MHWTP

Kalamalka Distribution System 2017 Averages Table 30 is the average of weekly monitored parameters at the distribution sites. Chlorine levels fluctuate depending on where the site is located in the distribution. The closer a site to the MHWTP or a Rechlorination station the higher the chlorine, in contrast to the ends of the system which have lower residuals. The conductivity is a good indicator if the water is from the MHWTP (420 us/cm) or the DCWTP (120 us/cm) or a mix of both sources.

Sampling Point Free

Chlorine (mg/L)

Total Chlorine (mg/L)

Turbidity (NTU) pH Temperature

(degrees C) Conductivity

(uS/cm)

1802 Pottery Road 1.63 1.88 1.20 8.0 9.0 410 2001 43rd Street SS 0.90 1.14 0.81 8.0 11.5 412 Allenby PS 1.32 1.56 1.15 8.1 10.9 408 Amber SS 0.74 0.96 0.82 8.1 12.4 413 Anderson Way SS 1.10 1.38 0.69 8.0 12.0 403 Balsam Reservoir 1.18 1.42 0.88 8.2 12.7 403 Brassey Place SS 0.88 1.13 0.80 8.1 12.1 394 City Hall SS 1.22 1.47 1.04 8.1 10.2 410 City Yards Fill Station 1.35 1.58 0.66 7.8 10.4 326 Claremont Sample Station

0.99 1.25 0.90 8.0 11.6 390

Coldstream Creek Rd PH

1.17 1.37 0.46 7.5 12.1 126

Commonage PS 0.84 1.08 0.84 8.0 12.7 413 Dunsmuir 1.26 1.53 0.89 8.1 10.4 399 Dutch's Campground 1.28 1.50 0.67 7.5 10.6 274 Foothills PS 1.04 1.26 0.74 7.8 11.4 314 Kal View SS 1.12 1.38 0.85 7.9 8.1 405 Kidston SS 1.01 1.21 0.56 7.6 10.9 183 Kin Race Track SS 0.76 0.94 0.79 7.8 12.8 215 Kirkland SS 0.92 1.14 0.62 7.9 11.2 293 Kokanee PS 1.55 1.84 0.97 8.1 12.9 409 Kosmina SS 1.54 1.76 0.61 7.4 10.6 125

65

Sampling Point Free

Chlorine (mg/L)

Total Chlorine (mg/L)

Turbidity (NTU) pH Temperature

(degrees C) Conductivity

(uS/cm)

Longspoon Court SS 1.06 1.31 0.60 8.1 11.8 417 Longspoon PS 1.47 1.69 0.64 8.3 12.9 438 Marmot CRT SS 0.97 1.20 0.70 7.8 12.9 273 McMechan Reservoir 1.46 1.77 0.81 7.9 9.1 397 Mt Grady Rd SS 1.33 1.55 0.41 7.2 13.0 133 Mt. Grady Ct SS 1.00 1.22 0.51 7.6 11.8 203 Noric House SS 0.76 1.00 0.86 8.1 10.6 405 OK #1 PS 1.60 1.87 0.98 8.1 11.0 407 OK #2 PS 1.22 1.47 1.12 8.0 12.2 414 OK Landing SS 1.40 1.67 1.07 8.2 9.9 411 Sun Peaks PS 1.34 1.56 0.69 8.0 11.7 305 Tavistock Reservoir SS 1.19 1.42 0.63 8.1 13.9 420 Tronson SS 1.17 1.39 0.76 8.1 12.3 406 Turtle Mountain PS 1.20 1.46 0.80 8.0 12.5 403 Turtle Mountain Reservoir 1.82 2.15 0.77

Vernon Jubilee Hospital 1.61 1.87 1.05 8.1 8.7 411 Weeks Rd SS 1.70 1.98 0.95 8.0 11.9 400 West Kal SS 0.44 0.69 0.47 8.0 12.7 420 MHTP SS 1.93 2.14 0.92 8.1 9.9 421 Average 1.21 1.45 0.79 7.9 11.4 354 Minimum 0.44 0.69 0.41 7.2 8.1 125 Maximum 1.93 2.15 1.20 8.3 13.9 438

Table 30: Kalamalka Distribution Field Parameter – Annual Averages per Site

Duteau Creek Water Treatment Plant / Duteau Distribution System Physical – Chemical All the physical and chemical parameters were well within the Canadian Guideline limits except for the summer water temperature (aesthetic objective less than 150C), and aluminum (operations guideline less than 0.2 mg/L). Both hardness and alkalinity are low creating very soft water that may result in corrosion of water pipes.

66

Duteau Distribution Water Quality - January Sampling Point: PRV #2 Date: 1/17/2017 Canadian Drinking Water Guidelines

INORGANIC Results (mg/L unless noted)

Maximum Acceptable Concentration (MAC)

Aesthetic Objective (AO)

Aluminum (total) 0.156 no current guideline < 0.1 Antimony (total) <0.0001 0.006 Arsenic (total) <0.0005 0.01

Sampling Point: PRV #2 Date: 7/18/2017 Canadian Drinking Water Guidelines

INORGANIC Results (mg/L unless noted)

Maximum Acceptable Concentration (MAC)

Aesthetic Objective (AO)

Barium (total) 0.012 1 Boron (total) 0.014 5 Cadmium (total) 0.00001 0.005 Calcium (total) 6.9 no current guideline Chloride 18.1 <250 Chromium (total) <0.0005 0.05 Cobalt (total) <0.00005 no current guideline Copper (total) 0.0026 <1 Cyanide (total) <0.002 0.2 Fluoride <0.10 1.5 Iron (total) 0.01 <0.30 Lead (total) <0.0001 0.01 Magnesium (total) 1.48 no current guideline Manganese (total) 0.0012 <0.05 Mercury (total) <0.00002 0.001 Molybdenum (total) 0.0002 no current guideline Nickel (total) 0.0004 no current guideline Nitrate (as N) 0.094 Nitrite (as N) <0.010 Phosphorus (total) 0.421 no current guideline Potassium (total) 0.81 no current guideline Selenium (total) <0.0005 0.05 Sodium (total) 8.13 <200 Sulfate (total) 3.3 <500 Uranium (total) <0.00002 0.02 Zinc (total) 0.370 <5 PHYSICAL Results (MAC) (AO) Alkalinity (total, as CaCO3) 15 no current guideline Colour <5 <15 TCU Conductivity 104 no current guideline Hardness (total, as CaCO3) 23.4 see note pH 7.12 6.5 - 8.5 Total Dissolved Solids 48.1 <500 Turbidity 1.04 1 NTU <5 NTU

OG – Operational Guideline < 0.2 mg/L

Table 31: Treated water parameters in GVW distribution system - DCWTP (Winter)

67

Duteau Distribution Water Quality Sampling Point: PRV #2 (5EE5) Date: 7/18/2017 Canadian Drinking Water Guidelines

INORGANIC Results (mg/L unless noted)

Maximum Acceptable Concentration (MAC)

Aesthetic Objective (AO)

Aluminum (total) 0.322 no current guideline < 0.1 Antimony (total) <0.0001 0.006 Arsenic (total) <0.0005 0.01 Barium (total) 0.0109 1 Boron (total) 0.0196 5 Cadmium (total) <0.00001 0.005 Calcium (total) 4.94 no current guideline Chloride 19.0 <250 Chromium (total) <0.0005 0.05 Cobalt (total) <0.0001 no current guideline Copper (total) 0.00411 <1 Cyanide (total) <0.0020 0.2 Fluoride <0.10 1.5 Iron (total) 0.017 <0.30 Lead (total) <0.0001 0.01 Magnesium (total) 1.26 no current guideline Manganese (total) 0.00564 <0.05 Mercury (total) <0.00002 0.001 Molybdenum (total) 0.00019 no current guideline Nickel (total) 0.00067 no current guideline Nitrate (as N) 0.011 Nitrite (as N) <0.010 Phosphorus (total) 0.0059 no current guideline Potassium (total) 1.01 no current guideline Selenium (total) <0.0005 0.05 Sodium (total) 9.76 <200 Sulfate (total) 2.5 <500 Uranium (total) 0.000024 0.02 Zinc (total) <0.004 <5

PHYSICAL Results (mg/L unless noted)

Maximum Acceptable Concentration (MAC)

Aesthetic Objective (AO)

Alkalinity (Total, as CaCO3) 8.5 no current guideline

Colour <5.0 <15 TCU Conductivity 90.2 no current guideline Hardness (total, as CaCO3) 17.5 see note

pH 6.85 6.5 - 8.5 Total Dissolved Solids / TDS 43.8 <500

Turbidity 0.37 1 NTU <5 NTU OG – Operational Guideline < 0.2 mg/L

Table 32: Treated Water Parameters in GVW Distribution System - Duteau Creek WTP (Summer)

68

Duteau Distribution System 2017 Averages Table 33 is the average of weekly monitored parameters at the Duteau distribution sites. Chlorine levels fluctuate depending on where the site is located in the distribution, similarly to the MHWTP system. The conductivity is a good indicator if the water is from the DCWTP (120 us/cm) or the MHWTP (420 us/cm) or a blend of both sources.

Sampling Point Free

Chlorine (mg/L)

Total Chlorine (mg/L)

Turbidity (NTU) pH Temperature

(degrees C) Conductivity

(uS/cm)

Antwerp Springs PH 1.20 1.38 0.33 7.6 10.1 128 Bessette SS 1.69 1.93 0.43 7.0 9.9 115 Braeburn Drive PRV #270 1.43 1.65 0.40 7.1 12.4 112 Brewer PH 1.37 1.57 0.41 7.1 10.4 112 BX Park SS 1.21 1.42 0.59 7.5 11.0 189 Cunliffe Reservoir 1.33 1.54 0.47 7.0 11.5 131 DOC Public Works Yard 1.02 1.26 0.38 7.1 11.9 125 Goose Lake Road PS 1.15 1.36 0.80 7.7 14.2 181 Grey Rd PS 1.19 1.53 0.30 6.8 10.8 103 Haney Road SS 0.54 0.70 0.56 7.5 13.3 208 Highland Place PRV 77 1.05 1.27 0.57 7.6 12.7 186 Husband Road PH 1.49 1.70 0.40 6.9 11.4 121 Hwy 97 & Old Kamloops Rd SS

1.21 1.44 0.53 7.7 11.4 245

Kalamalka Secondary 0.94 1.13 0.53 7.7 11.1 139 Lavington Superette 0.73 0.91 0.42 7.0 11.4 117 NBX #2 1.31 1.52 0.66 7.6 10.7 204 O'Keefe Ranch SS 0.23 0.34 0.77 7.6 14.3 197 Palfrey SS 1.32 1.51 0.46 7.1 11.5 111 Pine Rd SS 1.50 1.75 0.39 7.0 10.5 114 Ponderosa SS 1.09 1.28 0.46 7.3 12.8 129 PRV #1 1.66 1.87 0.56 7.3 10.0 115 PRV #24 1.73 1.95 0.41 7.1 10.0 125 PRV#2 1.60 1.81 0.67 7.5 10.4 215 PV Road SS 1.28 1.50 0.56 7.5 11.6 238 Ravine PH 1.01 1.20 0.52 7.1 11.9 110 RDNO LAB 1.57 1.78 0.51 7.1 13.3 110 Rugg Road SS 1.04 1.25 0.64 7.6 14.1 233 SBX #1 1.65 1.87 0.44 7.3 10.8 169 Springfield SS 0.89 1.10 0.29 7.1 10.5 119 Stepping Stone SS 1.07 1.29 0.55 7.6 13.0 194 Upland SS 1.07 1.27 0.46 7.0 11.8 123 Venables & Northcott SS 1.57 1.80 0.40 7.0 10.7 112 DCWTP Reservoir outflow 1.84 2.07 0.33 7.1 9.61 107.5 Average 1.24 1.45 0.49 7.3 11.6 149 Minimum 0.23 0.34 0.29 6.8 9.6 103 Maximum 1.84 2.07 0.80 7.7 14.3 245

Table 33: Duteau Distribution Field Parameter – Annual Averages per Site

69

Chlorine - By Products in Distribution Water Trihalomethanes (THMs) are organic compounds formed as a by-product of disinfection. Ten distinct THM compounds are possible but only four occur to any significant degree in treated drinking water.

- Chloroform; - Bromodichloromethane; - Dibromochloromethane; and - Bromoform.

Collectively the above THM compounds are referred to as total trihalomethanes (TTHMs). TTHMs are formed when chlorine and/or bromine react with organic matter naturally present in water. The level of TTHMs in treated water depends on numerous factors including: total organic carbon, temperature, pH, bromide ion concentration, and chlorination dose. MAC 0.1 mg/L or 100 ug/L The Maximum Allowable Concentration (MAC) is based on a locational running annual average of a minimum of quarterly samples taken at the point in the distribution system with the highest potential TTHM levels (Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (GCDWQ), Health Canada). Duteau Distribution System TTHM The Duteau distribution (Upland) has been monitored for THM's since 1997. With the completion of the DCWTP that removes a large percentage of the TOCs and DOCs, reduced color and chlorine demand, the TTHM's have been greatly reduced (Figure 37). GVW is working towards meeting the Interim Maximum Acceptable Concentration (IMAC) for Total THM's. The Duteau Distribution system 2017 TTHM’s average is higher (107 ug/L) than the GCDWQ MAC. The longest retention site exceeded (132 ug/L) the GCDWQ MAC in 2017. At times the water was blended with Kalamalka Lake Water. Table 34 states the water conductivity at the time THM’s were sampled.

Figure 36: Duteau Distribution System TTHM 2017

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0.080

0.100

0.120

0.140

0.160

0.180

0.200

March 2 June 29 September 7 December TTHM 1-4

mg/

L

DCWTP Palfrey Drive SS Golf View SS Sun Peaks PS GCDW

70

Greater Vernon Water has two main water sources, Kalamalka Lake and Duteau Creek. Kalamalka Lake Water Source has a average conductivity of 440 µS/cm and Duteau Creek Water Source has an average conductivity 100 µS/cm. At times the sites have a blend of both Kalamalka and Duteau water. Table 34 shows the conductivity when the samples were taken for the Duteau THMs.

Date DCWTP Palfrey Drive SS Golf View SS Sun Peaks PS

March 2 100 100 250 380

June 29 100 100 100 140

September 7 100 100 230 440

November 30 100 140 180 320

Table 34: Conductivity at Duteau Distribution THM sites

Observations Golf View site had a blend of sources on three of the four dates which helped to reduce the THM’s average. Sun Peaks had Kalamalka source as its main water supply on three of the four dates. This greatly reduced the THM’s average at this site. Sun Peaks was on Duteau supply June 29 and the THM level were highest on this date.

Figure 37: Historical Duteau Distribution TTHM’s

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017Average ug/L GCDWQ IMAC Average Longest Retention ug/L

Year Average ug/L

Longest Retention ug/L Year Average

ug/L Longest

Retention ug/L 2003 139 157 2011 108 136 2004 179 195 2012 127 145 2005 177 186 2013 92 109 2006 188 201 2014 88 107 2007 183 252 2015 90 141 2008 217 269 2016 94 140 2009 203 244 2017 107 132 2010 201 272

71

Extra THM Sites In 2017, a mixer was installed in the Lavington Reservoir to improve water quality. Three sites were sampled bi-annually (low flow and high flow) to monitor and confirm that the mixer was improving water quality. This is also a step towards developing a chlorine management program. The average THM’s for these three sites exceeds the IMAC MAC (113 ug/L) (Figure 38).

Figure 38: Bi-Annual Duteau Distribution System - TTHM’s 2017

Kalamalka Distribution System THM

The Kalamalka Lake distribution has been monitored for THM’s since 2003. This water system has little to no measurable color and the TOC levels are low through most of the year. The Kalamalka Lake distribution has many pressure zones and a grid system with flow to and from reservoirs. The Kalamalka system THM’s average (70 ug/L) is lower than the GCDWQ MAC however the longest retention site slightly exceeded (143 ug/L) the GCDWQ MAC in 2017. At times the water was blended with Duteau Creek Water. Table 35 states the water conductivity at the time THM’s were sampled. Duteau Creek Water Source has an average conductivity 100 µS/cm of and Kalamalka Lake Water Source has a average conductivity of 440 µS/cm.

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0.080

0.100

0.120

0.140

0.160

0.180

March 2 September 5 TTHM 1-2

mg/

L

Ravine Reservoir Brewer Road SS Middleton Reservoir GCDW

72

Figure 39: Kalamalka Distribution System THM’s 2017

Date MHTP Allenby PS Longspoon

Station Tavistock Reservoir

March 2 440 440 440 440

June 29 440 410 440 350

September 7 430 440 450 450

November 29 430 420 420 440

Table 35: Conductivity at Kalamalka Distribution THM sites

Observations Tavastock and Longspoon sites reported the highest THMs in the Kalmalka distribution system. The over all average remains below the 100 ug/L but the longest retention average was impacted by the June 29 results. On this date Duteau was blended with Kalamalka system. This site would benefit from a reservoir mixer/aeration and reduced holding time, once this area is built out.

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

March 2 June 29 September 7 December TTHM 1-4average

mg/

L

MHTP Alenby PS Longspoon PS Tavistock Res GCDW IMAC

73

Year Average ug/L

Longest Retention ug/L Year Average

ug/L Longest

Retention ug/L

2003 40 64 2011 49 66 2004 53 72 2012 55 77 2005 46 65 2013 39 62 2006 41 57 2014 34 56 2007 45 58 2015 58 102 2008 43 58 2016 60 107 2009 41 56 2017 71 143 2010 45 71

Figure 40: Historical Kalamalka Distribution THM’s

Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are by-products of disinfection. There are nine possible HAAs. In the US, only five are regulated as HAA 5, the sum of the following five haloacetic acids:

- Monochloroacetic acid; - Dichloroacetic acid; - Trichloroacetic acid; - Monobromoacetic acid; and - Dibromoacetic acid.

Haloacetic acids may be created during water treatment when chlorine-based disinfectants react with organic matter dissolved in water. The formation of haloacetic acids in drinking water as a disinfection by-product is a concern for human health.

Haloacetic acids have limited industrial uses. These uses may lead to the release of haloacetic acids into water through agricultural runoff, industrial wastewater, or accidental spills.

MAC 0.08 (mg/L) or 80 (ug/L) The MAC is based on a locational running annual average of a minimum of quarterly samples taken in the distribution system Utilities should make every effort to maintain concentrations as low as reasonably achievable without compromising the effectiveness of disinfection (Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality, Health Canada (GCDWQ)).

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Average ug/L GCDWQ IMAC Average Longest Retention ug/L

74

Duteau Distribution System THAA HAA’s have been monitored since 2011 in the GVW water distribution at all the same locations as the THM’s. The 2017 Duteau distribution THAA’s average was higher than all previous year’s 2011-2015. The Duteau system THAA’s average (81 ug/L) exceeds the GCDWQ MAC and the longest retention sites exceeds (103 ug/L) the GCDWQ MAC. Greater Vernon Water has two main water sources, Kalamalka Lake and Duteau Creek. Kalamalka Lake Water Source has a average conductivity of 440 µS/cm Duteau Creek Water Source has an average conductivity 100 µS/cm. At times the sites have a blend of both Kalamalka and Duteau water. Table 34 shows the conductivity when the samples were taken for the DuteauTHMs. Table 35 shows the conductivity when the samples were taken for the Kalamalka THMs.

Figure 41: Kalamalka Distribution System THAA 2017

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0.080

0.100

0.120

0.140

March 2 June 29 September 7 November 29 THAA 1-4

mg/

L

MHTP Allenby PS Tavistock Res Longspoon PS GCDW

75

Extra HAA Sites In 2017, a mixer was installed in the Lavington Reservoir to improve water quality. Three sites were sampled bi-annually (low flow and high flow) to monitor and confirm that the mixer was improving water quality. The average THAA’s for these three sites exceeds the IMAC MAC (98 ug/L) and the longest retention was 106 ug/L (Figure 42).

Figure 42: Duteau Distribution System THAA 2017

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

March 2 Sept 5 THAA 1-2

mg/

L

Ravine Reservoir Brewer Road SS Middleton Reservoir GCDW

76

Year Average ug/L Average Longest Retention ug/L

2011 95 108 2012 116 137 2013 110 140 2014 107 115 2015 129 189 2016 100 146 2017 81 103

Figure 43: Historical Duteau Distribution Haloacetic Acids

Kalamalka Distribution System THAA In 2017 the Kalamalka distribution THAA result were higher than 2016, bringing the average of the distribution and the longest retention site higher than the GCDWQ MAC. The Kalamalka system THAA’s average (48 ug/L) is lower than the GCDWQ MAC and the longest retention sites (94 ug/L) exceeds the GCDWQ MAC.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Average ug/L GCDWQ IMAC Average Longest Retention ug/L

77

Figure 44: Duteau Distribution System THAA 2017

Year Average ug/L Average Longest Retention ug/L

2011 57 138 2012 37 57 2013 39 65 2014 32 53 2015 62 96 2016 45 75 2017 48 94

Figure 45: Kalamalka Distribution Haloacetic Acids

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Average ug/L GCDWQ IMAC Average Longest Retention ug/L

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0.080

0.100

0.120

0.140

March 2 June 29 September 7 November 29 THAA 1-4

mg/

L

MHTP Allenby PS Tavistock Res Longspoon PS GCDW

78

Lead Twelve samples were taken at several buildings suspected of having old plumbing. These samples were taken as first grab samples and also after flushing the lines. These lead sample results were all less than the lead guideline of 0.01 mg/L. Metal concentrations in the water did decrease after flushing and it is recommended that customers flush taps before using water for consumption if there are metal pipes in home. Greater Vernon Water will create a factsheet on lead in households and make it available to the public in 2018. To further investigate the potential of metals leaching into homeowners’ water from their pipes, the Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) was investigated within the distribution for Duteau Creek and Kalamalka Lake sources to provide more information on the two sources’ corrosivity. The LSI showed Duteau Creek water distribution water was corrosive and Kalamalka Lake distribution water was slightly scale forming but still corrosive. This analysis is not entirely reliable for determining corrosion potential but is a good guide.

Perclorate In 2017, Water Quality tested for Bromate, Chlorate and Chlorite at the THM and HAA locations on the same schedule. In 2017 testing for Perchlorate was followed up to the Bromate, Chlorate and Chlorite sampling. The intent is to provide a base line on possible impurities introduced through the disinfection process. Perchlorate is an inorganic anion that can combine with ammonium, potassium, magnesium, and sodium to form salts. Most perchlorate salts, except for potassium perchlorate, are very water soluble. Samples were taken at the DCWTP and MHTP and six GVW THM and HAA sites twice in 2017. Perchlorate sampling occurred on March 2 (low flows) and September 7 (high flows), to capture the different seasons of the water system. In March, two sites had perchlorate detected; Longspoon PS was 0.07 ug/L and MHTP was 0.05 ug/L. In September, two sites had perchlorate detected; Longspoon PS was 0.11 ug/L and Tavistock Reservoir was 0.13 ug/L. The remaining 12 sites did not have any detectable Perchlorate. There are no guidelines for perchlorate.

Distribution Bacteria Statistics (Figures 46, 47) GVW provides a Water Quality Monitoring Plan annually to Interior Health. The frequency of monitoring samples for prescribed water supply systems is outlined in schedule B of the BC Drinking Water Protection Regulations. In 2017, GVW met the requirements for a population served 5,000 to 90,000 with at least 1 bacteria sample per 1,000 populations per month. GVW serves a population of approx. 53,000 customers with a required minimum 53 bacterial samples per month (an additional 9 bacterial samples are taken for the Delcliffe and Outback Small Water Systems). In total, there were 1761 bacterial samples taken in the GVW distribution system in 2017: 933 were sent to an accredited lab and 828 were completed in the GVW water lab (Figure 46). The samples are tested for Total Coliform and E.coli bacteria.

79

Figure 46: Greater Vernon Water Distribution Bacterial Sample Statistics 2004-2017

In Schedule A of the BC Drinking Water Protection Regulations, the regulation for Water Quality Standards for Potable Water it is stated: 1) No detectable Escherichia coli (E.coli) per 100 ml.

In 2017, there was no detectable E.coli in the GVW distribution system. GVW met this regulation.

2) At least 90% of samples have no detectable Total Coliform bacteria per 100 ml.

In 2017, 99.6% of samples in the GVW distribution system had no detectable Total Coliform per 100 ml. (Figure 49).

3) No sample has more than 10 Total Coliform per 100 ml.

In 2017, there was one (1) sample with more than 10 Total Coliform: a. O’Keefe Ranch had one sample with > 10 Total Coliform on September 12th but when re-

sampled had <1 Total Coliform on September 14. b. Turtle Mountain Pump Station had one sample with > 10 Total Coliform on September

12, but when resamples had < 1 Total coliform on September 15.

Figure 47: Greater Vernon Water Distribution Bacterial % with No Detectable Total Coliform 2004-2017

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 MF% 96.5 97.1 97.8 99 99 99.7 97 96 99.5 99.7 99.0 99.6 99.5 99.6 P/A MPN % 95.1 97.3 97.9 98.5 99.6 99.3 99.3 99 99.6 97.7 99.7 99.4 99.9 99.6Total % 95.7 97.2 97.8 98.7 99.3 99.5 98.3 97.5 99.5 98.7 99.3 99.5 99.7 99.6

90919293949596979899

100

% P

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The distribution trending in the Kalamalka water distribution system and the Duteau Creek water system has changed over the years. Prior to the 2008, most of the bacterial samples that had total coliform counts or the presence of total coliform were from the Duteau Creek System. This shifted in 2010 when the majority of positive samples were appearing in the Kalamalka Lake system. The start-up of the DCWTP plus re-chlorination stations has kept the Duteau water system in good standing. The Kalamalka Lake system has improved since 2012 due to an increase focus on the annual flushing program and a reservoir exercising and cleaning program.

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APPENDIX 4

QUALITY CONTROL AND ASSURANCE PROGRAM

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2017 Quality Assurance and Quality Control Summary To assess the quality of the sampling and analytical results, field duplicates were analyzed for the Program at a rate of approximately 10% of the total number of samples collected. A duplicate sample is where a field sample of water is collected from the same location, split into two equal parts, and submitted to the analytical laboratory under a separate label so the laboratory has no knowledge of the site the sample came from. The collection and analysis of the duplicate samples provided information on the combined (field and analytical) precision of the sampling and analytical program (MoE 2003). The individual analytical results in each of the samples of the duplicate pair were compared and the Relative Percent Difference (RPD) was calculated for each analyte pair. RPDs were calculated using the following formula,

Where a and b are duplicate pair values in identical units. An RPD of 30% or less is generally considered acceptable while an RPD of greater than the 30% limit may indicate a problem in either sampling or analysis (MoE 1998b). This limit may vary somewhat depending on the analysis involved and the concentration of the analyte. The RPD also tends to increase as the result approaches the detection limit. Therefore, use of this threshold is restricted to values that are over five times their detection limit. Greater Vernon Water (GVW) Started the Quality Assurance/Quality Control Program (QA/QC Program) in August 2013. Caro Analytical Laboratories (Caro) and Regional District of North Okanagan (RDNO)-GVW laboratory completed analysis on samples taken in 2017. Table 39 is a summary of duplicates analyzed at Caro Analytical and GVW Laboratories that exceeded the 30% RPD limit. If a result exceeded the 30% RPD limit and was re-analyzed it is listed in the table. An explanation of each exceeded RPD limit is also included. A total of seventy-three water samples were submitted for duplicate analysis from raw and treated water sites in 2017. Out of the duplicates analyzed by Caro Analytical, 22 samples had a single parameter, out of the entire analysis, exceeding the recommended 30% RPD limit. Out of the duplicates analyzed by the RDNO GVW laboratory, 22 samples had a single parameter, out of the entire analysis, exceeding the recommended 30% RPD limit.

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Parameters RPDs > 30% Re-analyzed

CARO Lab

GVW Lab

Now <30%

Still >30%

Clarification of > 30% RPDs

Total Coliform 8 12 Manual counting can lead to human error. These RPDs are not a concern at this time.

E.coli 8 4 Manual counting can lead to human error. These RPDs are not a concern at this time.

True Colour 2 One result couldn’t be re-analyzed as it was already disposed of, will closely monitor in the future. One was less than five times detection limit, therefore not a concern.

Iron 4 Results were less than five times detection limit, therefore not a concern.

Nitrate 1 One result couldn’t be re-analyzed as it was already disposed of, will closely monitor in the future.

Nitrite 1 One result couldn’t be re-analyzed as it was already disposed of, will closely monitor in the future.

TKN 1 One result couldn't be re-analyzed as already disposed of, will closely monitor in the future.

Total Phosphorous

1 One result couldn't be re-analyzed as already disposed of, will closely monitor in the future

Total Nitrogen 1 One result couldn't be re-analyzed as already disposed of, will closely monitor in the future.

Chlorophyll A 1 One result couldn't be re-analyzed as already disposed of, will closely monitor in the future.

22 22 0 0 Total 44 0

Table 36: RPDs (more than) >30 % For the majority of these samples, the RPDs exceeding the recommended limit were bacterial grab samples. These RPDs for Total Coliforms and E. coli were grab samples from a raw water source which could have varying parameters at any given time. The methodology used by Caro relies on manual counting which leaves room for human error. These high RPDs were not a concern. Most of the parameters exceeding the 30% RPD guideline are likely due to variation in the parameters at the sampling time or human error. As the samples were disposed of before they could be re-analyzed there was no way to further investigate these results. These parameters will be closely monitored in the future to determine if the high RPDs for these parameters continue to occur and if so further investigation will be carried out. A new system of tracking and reporting on duplicates was established at the end of 2016. This has made it more efficient to assess this portion of the water quality program. Before this change, the process was quite cumbersome to report on the QA/QC program. Four field blank sample were submitted for analysis and all but four parameters were non-detect. The sample was disposed of before the lab could re-analyze it therefore there was no way to further investigate this result. All four parameters were close to the minimum detection limit, so these parameters were not of great concern. It will be closely monitored in the future.

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Four travel blank samples were submitted for analysis and all but one parameter was non-detect. The sample was disposed of before the lab could re-analyze it therefore there was no way to further investigate this result. It will be closely monitored in the future.

Recommendations

1. Continue with QA/QC program in 2018.

2. Closely monitor the parameters that had RPDs >30% to determine if it continues to occur. If these parameters continue to have RPDs >30% further investigation will be carried out. Total Coliform and E. coli also had RPDs >30% but as these sample types and methodologies have many variables that could contribute to different values between samples, these higher RPDs are not a concern at this time.

3. Review the 2018 QA/QC program by the end of the year and make necessary changes to the 2019 QA/QC program.

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APPENDIX 5

GVW Distribution System Maps

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