Greater Freedom for Greater Freedom for WomenWomen

In early Roman times, women had few legal rights. As the roman In early Roman times, women had few legal rights. As the roman Empire expanded, new ideas were included in the law that Empire expanded, new ideas were included in the law that provided some protection for women. Women were given the right provided some protection for women. Women were given the right to own property, which helped them gain other rights. For to own property, which helped them gain other rights. For example, some Roman women owned businesses and some example, some Roman women owned businesses and some gained political influence in Rome. Above, we see a picture of a gained political influence in Rome. Above, we see a picture of a woman pharmacist. At home, many women shared in household woman pharmacist. At home, many women shared in household decisions and managed the family accounts. decisions and managed the family accounts.

Development of the DomeDevelopment of the Dome Romans learned how to use Romans learned how to use

columns and arches from both columns and arches from both the Etruscans ad the Greeks, the Etruscans ad the Greeks, two groups that settled in Italy two groups that settled in Italy before Roman civilization before Roman civilization developed. The Romans developed. The Romans improved on design of arches improved on design of arches by inventing the dome, a roof by inventing the dome, a roof formed by rounded arches. formed by rounded arches. Once Romans learned to use Once Romans learned to use concrete, they were able to concrete, they were able to mold the domes on the ground. mold the domes on the ground. After the walls and columns of a After the walls and columns of a building were constructed, the building were constructed, the dome was hoisted into position dome was hoisted into position on the top of a building. This on the top of a building. This achievement allowed architects achievement allowed architects to build enormous structures to build enormous structures using domes. Today domed using domes. Today domed buildings, like the Arizona State buildings, like the Arizona State Capitol and Montana Capitol Capitol and Montana Capitol building shown here, appear in building shown here, appear in many parts of the world.many parts of the world.

Development of AqueductsDevelopment of Aqueducts The need for a water The need for a water

supply in cities led Romans supply in cities led Romans to build aqueducts. to build aqueducts. Aqueducts, canal-like Aqueducts, canal-like concrete structures, concrete structures, brought water from brought water from springs, wells, and distant springs, wells, and distant lakes to people in cities. In lakes to people in cities. In order to supply drinking order to supply drinking water to the Roman people, water to the Roman people, aqueducts tunneled aqueducts tunneled through mountains and through mountains and crossed valleys. Here we crossed valleys. Here we see an illustration of see an illustration of interconnected systems of interconnected systems of aqueducts in ancient aqueducts in ancient Rome.Rome.

Network of Concrete RoadsNetwork of Concrete Roads To improve transportation and To improve transportation and

help unify distant parts of the help unify distant parts of the Empire, Romans built Empire, Romans built highways. By the year A.D. highways. By the year A.D. 100, over 250,000 miles of 100, over 250,000 miles of roads connected the cities of roads connected the cities of the Roman empire. These the Roman empire. These roads were made of heavy roads were made of heavy concrete blocks set in layers of concrete blocks set in layers of crushed stones and pebbles. crushed stones and pebbles. Like the Appian Way, the Like the Appian Way, the famous road pictured here, famous road pictured here, Roman roads were designed to Roman roads were designed to last forever. The extensive last forever. The extensive Roman system of roads and Roman system of roads and bridges made travel faster in bridges made travel faster in the days of ancient Rome than the days of ancient Rome than it ever was again until the it ever was again until the development of railroads in the development of railroads in the 1800’s.1800’s.

Military Military OrganizationOrganization

As the Roman Empire As the Roman Empire expanded, it needed extra expanded, it needed extra military protection against military protection against invaders. To strengthen invaders. To strengthen defenses, the Roman defenses, the Roman government required all government required all citizens who owned land to citizens who owned land to serve in the army. The roman serve in the army. The roman army was divided into units army was divided into units called legions. These groups called legions. These groups were made up of 6,000 were made up of 6,000 heavily armed foot soldiers. heavily armed foot soldiers. Each legion was divided into Each legion was divided into smaller units, called smaller units, called centuries, which could be centuries, which could be moved around quickly. As a moved around quickly. As a result, groups of Roman result, groups of Roman soldiers could easily split off soldiers could easily split off from the main army and from the main army and attack an enemy from all attack an enemy from all sides. The roman army – sides. The roman army – pictured here-was built on pictured here-was built on cooperation and discipline. cooperation and discipline.

Republican Form of Republican Form of GovernmentGovernment

Rome’s form of government Rome’s form of government influenced other societies. In influenced other societies. In 509 B.C., Rome set up a 509 B.C., Rome set up a republic-a government in republic-a government in which citizens vote to choose which citizens vote to choose their leaders. By about 275 their leaders. By about 275 B.C., no single class of people B.C., no single class of people dominated the government. dominated the government. Rather, the government was Rather, the government was partly a monarchy, partly an partly a monarchy, partly an aristocracy, and partly a aristocracy, and partly a democracy (government by democracy (government by the people). In the picture the people). In the picture above, we see a Roman leader above, we see a Roman leader speaking in the Senate. The speaking in the Senate. The Constitution of the United Constitution of the United States is based on the Roman States is based on the Roman Republic’s system of balancing Republic’s system of balancing the legislative, judicial, and the legislative, judicial, and executive powers of executive powers of government.government.

EulogyEulogy Title: Come up with something creative.Title: Come up with something creative. Written for audience that knows Rome fell, but little about Written for audience that knows Rome fell, but little about

its accomplishments and lasting contributions to the world its accomplishments and lasting contributions to the world and the local community.and the local community.

Must contain the following elements:Must contain the following elements:– Section II: Highlight the legacies of the Roman Empire. Section II: Highlight the legacies of the Roman Empire.

An example may be “The Roman Empire has many An example may be “The Roman Empire has many lasting achievements.” Discuss at least 5 lasting achievements.” Discuss at least 5 achievements.achievements.

– Section III: Discuss the ways in which the legacy of the Section III: Discuss the ways in which the legacy of the Roman Empire influences the community today. It Roman Empire influences the community today. It might begin, “Today, the Roman Empire influences our might begin, “Today, the Roman Empire influences our community in these ways.” Provide at least 3 community in these ways.” Provide at least 3 examples.examples.