Great Buildings

7/27/2019 Great Buildings

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GREAT BUILDINGSJPT Review Center

EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE(circa 1200 BC AD 1st Century)

Temple of Luxor or Southern Sanctuary at

Luor! "#y$t! 1%th &ynasty 'in#

&e&icate& to Amon-Re! 'in# othe o&s

*ui+t o san&stone or the,uarries o e*e+ Si+si+a

Abu Simbel &e&icate& chiet+y to Re-

Hr!"ti! o& o the risin# sun

*ui+t &urin# the rei#n o Ra-ses ..(1/0 12/ BC)

P#rmi$ of %in& 'o(erArchitect:.-hote$

ear+iest $yra-i&a+ structure othe ancient wor+&! the StepP#rmi$(c23/0 BC) o 4in#5oser at Sa,,ara! "#y$t

consist o si terraces orece&in# si6es with a one sta*a

T"e Gret P#rmi$ the Pyra-i& o 4huu is the +ar#est in the

wor+&! -easurin# 2/0- (73 t)

GREE% ARCHITECTURE(circa /00 /0 BC)

Prt"enon8/%

Architect:.tchinus an& Ca++icrates with Phi&ias

Location:Athens! reeceStyle:Ancient ree' Doric

on the historic Acro$o+is Doric ee-$+ar

Ere)"t"eum21 07

Architect:9nesic+esLocation:Athens! reeceStyle:Ancient ree'! .onic

has Caryati& Porch with i#ura+ co+u-ns:n the Acro$o+is! uses #ra&e chan#e

Epi$uru( T"eterArchitect:Po+y'+eitosLocation:"$i&auros! or "$i&havros! reeceStyle:Ancient ree'

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an& the ,ua+ity o its acoustics -a'e the "$i&aurus theatre one o the#reat architectura+ achieve-ents o the ourth century

the +ar#est an& *est $reserve& ancient theaters in reece

can acco--o&ate 1!000 s$ectators

R*+AN ARCHITECTURE(/00BC /37 AD)

T"e Pnt"eon11% 8 123

Architect:Acri$$aLocation:Ro-e! .ta+yStyle:Ancient Ro-an

#reat &o-e& ha++ with ocu+uso)ulu( a sin#+e circu+ar o$enin#

one o the #reat s$iritua+ *ui+&in#s othe wor+&

it was *ui+t as a Ro-an te-$+e an&+ater consecrate& as a Catho+ic

Church revive& the use o *ric' an& concrete in te-$+e Architecture

Tr*,n( .orum100 112

Architect:A$o++o&orus o Da-ascusLocation:Ro-e! .ta+yStyle:Ro-an

co-$ose& o an arc o arche& arca&e

-ost -a#niicent an& architectura++y-ost $+easin#

+ar#est 'nown oru-s

Colo((eum0 %2

Architect:;es$acian an& Do-itianLocation:Ro-e! .ta+yStyle:Ancient Ro-an

three8,uarter co+u-ns an& enta*+atures! Doric in the irst story! .onic in the secon&!an& Corinthian in the thir&! ace the three tiers o arca&es

+ar#est Ro-an A-$hitheater

&esi#ne& to ho+& 70!000 s$ectators

ha& a$$roi-ate+y ei#hty entrances so crow&s cou+& arrive an& +eave easi+y an&,uic'+y

A+ERICAN ARCHITECTURE

/"ite Hou(eArchitect:Ja-es / to 1%01! *urne& 1%1! $orticos 1%2to1%2>Style:eor#ian ?eoc+assica+

oicia+ resi&ence o the $resi&ent o the@nite& States o A-erica! or the +ast 200 years

Cpitol of t"e Unite$ Stte(

Architects:Thornton8Latro*e8Bu+inchLocation:=ashin#ton! DCDate:1>/ to 1%/0Style:?eoc+assica+

-eetin# $+ace o the @S Con#ress! thenationa+ asse-*+y o the @nite& States oA-erica! consistin# o the


3/11

Uni0er(it# of 1ir&ini1%23

Architect:Tho-as JeersonLocation: Char+ottesvi++e! ;ir#iniaBuilding Type:@niversity ca-$usStyle:C+assica+! ?eo8Pa++a&ian

i&eas o sy--etry an& use o *ric'

arca&es connect *ui+&in#s aroun&centra+ +awn

curvin# *ric' wa++s surroun& ca-$us

+(()"u(ett( Stte Hou(eArchitect:Char+es Bu+inch 8 irst native8*orn $roessiona+ A-ericanarchitect

c+assica+ e+e-ents are $i+asters! $orticos an& &o-es

Sint Ptri)!( Ct"e$rlArchitect:Ja-es Renwic'Location:?ew or'

sha$e& +i'e a Latin cross

the +ar#est Ro-an Catho+ic Cathe&ra+ in the @nite& States

&esi#ne& in a othic Reviva+ -ateria+s at "n#+ish an& rench othicSty+e

Conne)ti)ut Stte CpitolArchitect:Richar& @$ohn

+onti)ello13% to 1%2

Architect:Tho-as JeersonLocation:Char+ottesvi++e! ;ir#inia

Building Type:3 to 1%0%

*eautiu+ hi++to$ ho-e is a c+assica+ea-$+e o the +ate 1%th CenturyA-erican architecture an& anationa+ historic +an&-ar'

Ne2 Yor! Cit# HllArchitect:Pierre LEenantStyle:rench Renaissance 8 eor#ian Sty+e

one o the -ost historica+ architectura++y &istin#uishe& *ui+&in# in ?ew or'

.llin&2ter1>/! 1>/%! 1>%

Architect:ran' L+oy& =ri#htLocation::hio$y+e! Pennsy+vaniaBuilding Type:houseStyle:"$ressionist 9o&ern

canti+evers &ra-atica++y over roc' outcro$$in#an& rushin# strea-

sen&s out ree8+oatin# $+ator-s au&acious+yover a s-a++ watera++ an& anchors the- in thenatura+ roc'

Gu&&en"eim +u(eum1>73 to 1>7>

Architect:ran' L+oy& =ri#htLocation:?ew or'! ?ew or'Building Type:art -useu-Style:9o&ern

a #it o $ure architectureFor rather o scu+$ture

*ase& on or#anic or-s that the architectoun& in seashe++s an& snai+s

Coonle# Hou(e1>0%Architect:ran' L+oy& =ri#htLocation:Riversi&e .++inoisStyle:Prairie sty+eBuilding Type:houseConstruction System:woo& ra-e with stucco

a +ar#e! so$histicate& $rairie house

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4/11

Enni( Hou(e1>2/

Architect:ran' L+oy& =ri#htLocation:Los An#e+es! Ca+iorniaBuilding type:houseStyle:Deco 9o&ernConstruction system:*earin# -asonry!concrete *+oc's

the +ast o the our Los An#e+es teti+e*+oc' house

3o"n(on /x Buil$in&1>/3 to 1>/> an& 1>

Architect:ran' L+oy& =ri#htLocation:Racine! =isconsinConstruction system:$recast concretean& *ric'Style:-o&ern

uni,ue structura+ e$ression ino$en ha++! tower with roun&e&corners

the tower is tota++y enc+ose& an&&oes not a++ow or hori6onta+e$ansion o wor' s$ace

articu+ate& *y &en&rior- co+u-ns ca$a*+e o su$$ortin# si ti-es thewei#ht i-$ose& u$on the-! a act =ri#ht ha& to &e-onstrate in or&er to

o*tain a *ui+&in# $er-it

Lr!in Buil$in&1>0! &e-o+ishe& 1>70

Architect:ran' L+oy& =ri#htLocation:Bua+o! ?ew or'Building Type:co--ercia+ oices

Construction system:*ric' -asonryStyle:"ar+y -o&ern

+ar#e our8storey centra+ atriu-

the irst entire+y air8con&itione& -o&ern oice *ui+&in# on recor&

/in&(pre$1>/

Architect:ran' L+oy& =ri#htLocation:=in& Point! =isconsinBuilding type:+ar#e houseStyle:neo8;ernacu+ar

+ivin# roo-! &inin# roo-! 'itchen! a-i+ys+ee$in# roo-s! #uest roo-s! were se$arateunites #rou$e& to#ether an& connecte&*y corri&ors

Gol$en Gte Bri$&e1>// to 1>/

Architect:Jose$h StraussLocation:San rancisco! Ca+iorniaBuilding type:sus$ension *rieConstruction system:stee+ ra-e! stee+ ca*+esStyles:Structura+ 9o&ern with so-e Art Deco&etai+s

one o the +on#est *rie in the wor+&

a $oweru+ an& e+e#ant hu-an structurein an e,ua++y *eautiu+ natura+ +ocation

overa++ *rie +en#th o >233 eet! or 2%2-eters

*rie -ain s$an +en#th o 200 eet! or 12%0-eters

.RENCH ARCHITECTURE

T"e Lou0re173 to 1%%Architect:Pierre LescotLocation:Paris! ranceBuilding type:$a+ace! art -useu-Construction system:cut stone *earin# -asonryStyle:rench Renaissance

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5/11

a+so &esi#ne& *y Catherine &e 9e&ici! JA &u Cerceau ..! C+au&ePerrau+t! etc

I4+4 Pei &esi#n the #+ass $yra-i&! which serves as the -ain $u*+icentrance

Tuilerie( the Tui+eries ar&en o

Paris is $art o theTriu-$ha+ way! which*e#ins at the Louvre an&continues to the CityEs=estern ee

Pli( Ro#l co--issione& *y Car&ina+

Riche+iev

ori#ina+ na-e is Pa+aisCar&ina+

1th century

Dniel Buren stri$$e& co+u-ns

S)re-)oeur +ocate& at the hi++ o 9ont-artre which is the hi#hest $oint in the city o

$aris

1% Pau+ A*a&ie

1>10 co-$+ete& *y Lucien 9a#ne

Hotel $e 1ille +ar#est renaissance *ui+&in#

13th an& 1th century

.ta+ian &esi#ner Do-enico &e Cortona

1%1 *urne&! renovate& in 2 years

Ar) $e Triomp"e

?a$o+eon! the rench e-$eror&eci&e& to *ui+& a very *i# arch o triu-$h! whichstan&s at the to$ o the Cha-$s "+ysees

Pompi$ou Centre1>2 to 1>3

Architect:Richar& Ro#ers an& Ren6o PianoLocation:Paris! ranceBuilding Type:-o&ern art -useu-Construction system:hi#h8tech stee+ an& #+assStyle:


6/11

Architect:Char+es arnierLocation:Paris! ranceBuilding type:theater! o$era houseConstruction system:-asonry! cut stoneStyle:?eo8Baro,ue

$o+ychro-e aIa&e! o$u+ent staircase

co--ission *y co-$etition

-aster$iece o 1>th century architecture

one o the +ar#est an& -ost o$u+ent theaters in the wor+&

a+se cei+in# $ainte& *y +r) C"&ll

El#(ee Pl)e11%

Architect:C+au&e 9o++et

oicia+ resi&ence o the $resi&ent o rance

Hotel $e In0li$e( ?a$o+eons to-* is within the structure

oun&e& *y Louis .; or &isa*+e& so+&iers

+ate 1th century

L +$eleineArchitect:?a$o+eon .

church o Ste 9arie 9a&e+eine

constructe& as a church in 1%2

surroun&e& *y 72 Corinthian co+u-ns

Sorbonne -ost a-ous *ui+&in# at the @niversity o Paris

C"rtre( Ct"e$rl11> to 1230Location:Chartres! ranceBuilding type:cathe&ra+Construction system:*earin# -asonryStyle:othic ee-$+ar

the e+evation was in three tiers as it ha& no #a++ery an& the vau+tin# was,ua&ri$artite! which e+i-inate& the nee& or a+ternatin# su$$orts

su$re-e -onu-ent o

Notre $me $u Hut1>77

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7/11

Architect:Le Cor*usierLocation:Roncha-$! ranceBuilding type:churchConstruction system:reinorce&concreteStyle:"$ressionist 9o&ern

sot8or- co-$osition! &ee$ win&ows

with co+ore& #+ass (wa++ thic'ness K to12K)

Le Cor*usierEs &ra-atic $i+#ri-church

1ill S0o#e1>2% to 1>2>

Architect:Le Cor*usierLocation:Poissy! ranceBuilding type:houseConstruction system:concrete an&$+astere& unit -asonryStyle:-o&ern

an ear+y an& c+assic ee-$+ar o theH.nternationa+ Sty+eH! which hoversa*ove a #rass $+ane on thin concrete$i+otti! with stri$ win&ows! an& a +atroo with a &ec' area! ra-$! an& aew containe& touches o curvaceouswa++s

GER+AN ARCHITECTURE

Bur&t"eter1% to 1%%%

Architect:ottrie& Se-$er with

4ar+ von


8/11

Sli(bur# Ct"e$rl1220 to 127%Location:Sa+is*ury! "n#+an&Building type:Cathe&ra+ (church! te-$+e)Construction system:*earin# -asonry! cutstoneStyle:"n#+ish othic

Cathe&ra+ o Saint 9ary an outstan&in# ea-$+e o the "ar+y

"n#+ish architectura+ sty+e

ta++est in "n#+an& 0t (12/-)

use o Pur*ec' -ar*+e to create astron#+y co+oure& sche-e

6ueen( Hou(e1313 to 13/7

Architect:.ni#o Jones the #reatest o"n#+ish C+assica+ architectLocation:reenwich! "n#+an&Building type:+ar#e houseConstruction system:*earin# -asonryStyle:Pa++a&ian! Late "n#+ishRenaissance

was *ui+t *y Jones or Anne oDen-ar'! wie o Ja-es .

Somer(et Hou(e13 to 1%3

Architect:=i++ia- Cha-*ersLocation:Lon&on! "n#+an&Building type:#overn-ent oices an& artschoo+Construction system:cut stone -asonryStyle:?eoc+assica+

Architect:Lor& Bur+in#tonLocation:Chiswic'! "n#+an&Building type:+ar#e houseConstruction system:*earin# -asonryStyle:Pa++a&ian

a+so 'nown as Burlin&ton Hou(eM

/e(tmin(ter Pl)e1%/3 to 1%3%

Architect:Sir Char+es BarryLocation:Lon&onBuilding type:seat o #overn-ent!#overn-ent centerConstruction system:cut stone *earin# -asonryStyle:"n#+ish othic Reviva+

Bi& Ben the c+oc' tower *est 'nown is a #reatsy-*o+ o Lon&on

ori#ina++y seat o 'in#s as a roya+ resi&ence

Gl(&o2 S)"ool of Art1%> to 1>0>

Architect:Char+es Rennie 9ac'intoshLocation:+as#ow! "n#+an&Building type:co++e#eConstruction system:*earin# -asonryStyle:art an& crats! art nouveau

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9/11

i-a#inative synthesis o e+e-ents o Art ?ouveau an& ScottishArchitecture

Dur"m Ct"e$rl10>/ to 12%0Location:Durha-! "n#+an&Building type:church! cathe&ra+Construction system:*earin# -asonry! cutstoneStyle:Ro-anes,ue

one o the -ost i-$ressive ?or-anRo-anes,ue sty+e in "uro$e

ha& a reci$roca+ in+uence on thearchitecture o ?or-a&y

the ri* vau+t coverin# o Durha- Cathe&ra+is the o+&est ea-$+e that has survive&

Bu)!in&"m Pl)eArchitect: sir eor#e orin#

*ui+t &urin# the rei#n o 'in#Ja-es .

CHINA7 TUR%EY7 ITALY7 INDIAAND SPAIN ARCHITECTURE

Temple of He0enLocation: China

00 acre enc+osure *ui+t *y the9in# Dynasty e-$eror on#+e(un#8.o)

-eans Perpetul HelpM

H&i Sofi7/2 to 7/

Architect:.si&oros an&

Anthe-iosLocation:.stan*u+! Tur'eyBuilding type:churchConstruction system:*earin# -asonryStyle:By6antine

a tre-en&ous &o-e& s$ace

*ui+t as the new Cathe&ra+ oConstantino$+e *y the "-$erorJustinian

a -aster$iece o By6antine architecture

a&&itiona+ -inarets when the church *eca-e a -os,ue

Ct"e$rl of SienLocation:Southern .ta+y

incor$orate& othic e+e-entsin a stron#+y 9e&iterranean &esi#n

Pi( Ct"e$rl10/ to 1/70Location:Pisa! .ta+yBuilding type:church co-$+eConstruction system: *earin# -asonry! cut stone!

white -ar*+eStyle:Ro-anes,ue

HPisa Cathe&ra+ with Ba$tistery!Ca-$ani+e an& Ca-$o Santo! to#etheror- one o the -ost a-ous *ui+&in# #rou$s inthe wor+&

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10/11

the cathe&ra+ co-$+e inc+u&es the a-ous Leanin# Tower! La TorrePen&ente

white -ar*+e with co+onna&e& aca&es

.loren)e Ct"e$rl12>3 to 132

Architect:Arno+o &i Ca-*ioLocation:+orence! .ta+yBuilding type:&o-e& church! cathe&ra+Construction system:*earin# -asonryStyle:.ta+ian Ro-anes,ue

12>3 Cathe&ra+ *e#un on &esi#n *yArnolfo $i Cmbio

1/7 Proect continue& on a -o&iie&$+an *y .rn)e()o Tlenti

1/338 Ta+entiKs &einitive &esi#ne-er#e& ca++in# or an enor-ousocta#ona+ &o-e

11% co-$etition or construction o &o-e

120 technica+ so+ution or vau+tin# $ro$ose& *y Brunelle()"ia$$rove& an& construction *e#un

T"e Duomo &o-e a&&e& *y Brune++eschi

1/3F church consecrate&

%r! $e( C"e0lier(1170 to 1270Location:SyriaBuilding type:ortStyle:9e&ieva+

crusa&er cast+e

the *est $reserve& an& -ostwho++y a&-ira*+e cast+e inthe wor+&

Al"mbr

1//% to 1/>0Location:rana&a! S$ainBuilding type:$a+aceConstruction system:*earin# -asonryStyle:9oorish (.s+a-ic)

$a+ace o ?asri& Dynasty

the -ost *eautiu+ re-ainin# ea-$+e o =estern .s+a-ic Architecture

*ui+t as a cathe&ra+ in the -i&81200Es ha++ o usticeM note& ro- its e+a*orate sta+actite (m8rns) &ecoration

C( Btllo1>07 to 1>0

Architect:Antonio au&iLocation:Barce+ona! S$ainBuilding type:a$art-ent *ui+&in#Construction system:concreteStyle:"$ressionist or Art ?ouveau

uses ani-a+ sty+es a+ throu#h8out the structure

C( +il1>07 to 1>10

Architect:Antonio au&iLocation:Barce+ona! S$ainBuilding type:-u+tia-i+y housin#Construction system:-asonry an& concreteStyle:Art ?ouveau

e$ressionistic! antastic! or#anic or-s inun&u+atin# aca&e an& roo +ine

+i#ht court

it cou+& *e co-$are& with the stee$ c+i wa++sin which Arican tri*es *ui+& their cave8+i'e&we++in#s

S&r$ .mili1%%2 to 1>23

Architect:Antonio au&i

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11/11

Location:Barce+ona! S$ainBuilding type:churchConstruction system:-asonryStyle:"$ressionist

Church o the

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