Great Basin

8/18/2019 Great Basin

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INTRODUCTION

A cultural marinality! com"ared to t#eSout#$est! Nort#$est Coast! and Great%lains&

Eastern Basin "eo"les ado"ted %lains'i(estyles&

T#eir Arc#aic %eriod! called t#e Desert Tradition! lasted (rom )!*** B&%&+,-.* A&D&

Based on reional at#erin variations&

Seeds $ere t#e ma/or sta"le! #untin $assecondary&


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EN0IRON1ENT

An arid ste""e+desert 2ordered 2y u"lands on allsides3 Sierra Nevadas to t#e $est! Colum2ia%lateau to t#e nort#! 4asatc# and Roc5y1ountains to t#e east! and t#e Colorado River to

t#e sout#& T#e Great Basin culture area is a dry sout#ern

e6tension o( t#e Intermontane %lateau& A 72asin8due to in$ard drainae&

To"ora"#y consists o( s#ort rides and mountainsless t#an ,*!*** (t&


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EN0IRON1ENT

T#e Great Basin literally turned in$ard! most o( t#eround $ater doesn9t reac# t#e %aci:c&

T#e ;+.*8 o( annual rain(all eva"orates or runs2ac5 into t#e 2asin! creatin sin5s! al5aline !***+-!;** (t&! and -!*** (t&+,,!*** (t& #ad ,@s"ecies o( edi2le rass&

Tem"erature E6tremes o( ,* derees ?& Deat#0alley


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TRIBA' GROU%S

1a/ority $ere S#os#onean s"ea5ers3 Utes!4estern S#os#oni! and %aiutes&

T#e Comanc#e $ere a S#os#onean rou" t#atmirated east to t#e %lains most o( t#e Basin"eo"les le(t a(ter o2tainin #orses! 7Dier8Indians stayed&

1ost tri2es $ere autonomous inde"endent&

A 7Dier8 derived (rom a diet o( rasses!ru2s! $orms! larvae! seeds! roots! and %inyonNuts&


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GREAT BASIN SUBSISTENCE

No storae o( dried meat or :s#&

Seeds $ere "laced in conical 2as5ets and roasted2y addin #ot coals and s#a5in t#em around&

S"rin+ ne$ "lant ro$t#! "lants $ere eaten ra$&

Early Summer+ seeds 2ean to ri"en&

'ate ?all+ Tu2ers! 2erries! and %inyon nuts& @!***+,*!*** (t&

Over >; "lant s"ecies $ere utilied&


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Huntin $as secondary to at#erin! e6ce"t (or t#eUtes and Nort#ern S#os#oni 4ind River S#os#oni!$#o acFuired #orses in t#e late ,@**s&

Seasonal (orays sudden attac5s on enemy territory

to t#e Hi# %lains to #unt 2ison& Overall ame scarcity in t#e Great Basin& All o( t#e

edi2le animals deermountain s#ee" and insects$ere #unted 2y solitary #unters in t#e #i# lands&

Communal surrounds (or ra22its! deer! andantelo"e&


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Communal surrounds durin t#e ?all&

Com"osite 2ands (ormed! $omen at#ered %inyon nutsand men conducted ra22it drives&

Collective #unts only $#en ra22it "o"ulations $ere #i#!

t#e "o"ulation decreased (or several years& Ra22it (urs $ere used (or 2lan5ets and $inter clot#in&

Elderly men $#o o$ned t$ined nets initiated t#e #unts&

Nets s"aced at dierent intervals in arroyos! concealed

men $ere "ositioned 2y eac# net&


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Anot#er rou" o( men (ormed a laresemicircle! 2eat 2rus# $it# stic5s and drove t#era22its into a dra$&

Ra22its $ere #erded into nets! 5illed $it#arro$s! stic5s& T#e meat $as eatenimmediately&

Antelo"e and deer drives $ere led 2y s#amans&

No coo"eration in at#erin&


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GREAT BASIN SOCIA'ORGANIATION

Early S"rin to late ?all+ small nuclear (amilies!"er#a"s .+! traveled toet#er&

4inter+ 2and level villaes! de"endin on (oodavaila2ility! "ossi2le dis"ersal&

Bands coalesced in late ?all to #arvest %inyonnuts& Timin $as im"ortant and t#eirindienous 5no$lede is $#at #el"ed t#em :ndt#em& Transmission o( in(ormation caused someto /ourney *+* miles (rom $inter villaes&


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GREAT BASIN SOCIA'ORGANIATION S#os#onean $inter cam"s lasted as lon as (ood su""ly! and a

0illae C#ie( $as #ead o( t#e $inter cam"&

C#ie( 5ne$ location o( ot#er cam"s and ame&

Gam2lin and dancin sta"les o( $inter cam"s&

T#e Circle Dance $as "er(ormed (or (ertility and "ros"erity! later2ecame t#e G#ost Dance&

1arriae $as (or alliances& %olyyny and %olyandry $ere 2ot#"racticed&

No oranied $ar(are! :#ts $ere over $omen&

Accusations $ere o(ten made a2out "eo"le reardin $itc#cra(t&

Reliion $as individualied& S#amans $ere curers&

Great Basin

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