GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago) Workshop...
-
date post
21-Dec-2015 -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
1
Transcript of GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago) Workshop...
![Page 1: GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago) Workshop on Chemical Enrichment of the Early Universe Santa.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032522/56649d6a5503460f94a496c1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe
D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago)
Workshop on Chemical Enrichment of the Early Universe Santa Fe, NM, 13 August 2004
![Page 2: GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago) Workshop on Chemical Enrichment of the Early Universe Santa.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032522/56649d6a5503460f94a496c1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Outline of This Talk
HETE-2 is “going great guns:” It is currently localizing ~ 25 - 30 GRBs yr^-1 It has localized 68 GRBs so far 25 of these localizations have led to the detection of X-ray,
optical, or radio afterglows 15 of these afterglows have led to redshift determinations
In this talk, I will discuss: GRB-SN Connection Detectability of GRBs and their optical/NIR afterglows out
to very high redshifts (z > 5) GRBs as (possible) powerful probes of cosmology and the
early universe
![Page 3: GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago) Workshop on Chemical Enrichment of the Early Universe Santa.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032522/56649d6a5503460f94a496c1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
GRB030329: HETE “Hits a Home Run”
z = 0.1675 probability of detecting a bright GRB this close by is ~1/3000 => unlikely that HETE-2 or Swift will see another such event
Vanderspek et al. (2004)
![Page 4: GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago) Workshop on Chemical Enrichment of the Early Universe Santa.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032522/56649d6a5503460f94a496c1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
GRB030329:Spectrum of SN 2003dh
Stanek et al. (2003)
![Page 5: GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago) Workshop on Chemical Enrichment of the Early Universe Santa.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032522/56649d6a5503460f94a496c1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
GRB030329: Implications
HETE-2—localized burst GRB030329/SN 2003dh confirms the GRB – SN connection
Implications: We must understand Type Ib/Ic core collapse SNe in
order to understand GRBs Conversely, we need to understand GRBs in order to fully
understand Type Ib/Ic core collapse SNe Result strengthens the expectation that GRBs occur out to
z ~ 20, and are therefore a powerful probe of cosmology and the early universe
![Page 6: GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago) Workshop on Chemical Enrichment of the Early Universe Santa.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032522/56649d6a5503460f94a496c1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Detectability of GRBs
Lamb and Reichart (2000)
![Page 7: GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago) Workshop on Chemical Enrichment of the Early Universe Santa.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032522/56649d6a5503460f94a496c1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Detectability of GRB Optical Afterglows
Lamb and Reichart (2000)
![Page 8: GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago) Workshop on Chemical Enrichment of the Early Universe Santa.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032522/56649d6a5503460f94a496c1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Evidence for Evolution of GRBs with Redshift
Graziani, Lamb, and Donaghy (2004)
![Page 9: GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago) Workshop on Chemical Enrichment of the Early Universe Santa.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032522/56649d6a5503460f94a496c1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Possible Star-Formation Rate
Pop III
Pop II(Salpeter IMF)
IncreasingMetallicity
Lamb and Reichart (2000)
![Page 10: GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago) Workshop on Chemical Enrichment of the Early Universe Santa.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032522/56649d6a5503460f94a496c1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Possible Differential and Cumulative Distributions of GRBs
Lamb and Reichart (2000)
15-25% of GRBs May Lie at z > 5
![Page 11: GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago) Workshop on Chemical Enrichment of the Early Universe Santa.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032522/56649d6a5503460f94a496c1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
GRBs in Cosmological Context
Lamb (2000)
![Page 12: GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago) Workshop on Chemical Enrichment of the Early Universe Santa.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032522/56649d6a5503460f94a496c1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Predicted Elemental Abundances as Function of Redshift
Predictions from Valageas and Silk (1999)
GRBs Probe All 3 Sites
![Page 13: GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago) Workshop on Chemical Enrichment of the Early Universe Santa.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032522/56649d6a5503460f94a496c1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
GRBs as Probe of Elemental Abundance History of Universe
High-resolution IR and near-IR spectra can measure column density and thermal velocity of clouds within GRB host galaxy –perhaps even within the star-forming region in which GRB occurs
EWs of absorption lines provide an estimate of the total star formation that has occurred in damped Ly-alpha and Ly-alpha forest clouds as a function of column density NH of the cloud and redshift z
EWs of absorption lines trace history of heavy element production in universe as function of redshift
![Page 14: GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago) Workshop on Chemical Enrichment of the Early Universe Santa.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032522/56649d6a5503460f94a496c1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
GRB 021004
![Page 15: GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago) Workshop on Chemical Enrichment of the Early Universe Santa.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032522/56649d6a5503460f94a496c1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
GRB021004: T + 43 sec
![Page 16: GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago) Workshop on Chemical Enrichment of the Early Universe Santa.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032522/56649d6a5503460f94a496c1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
GRB021004: T + 73 min
![Page 17: GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago) Workshop on Chemical Enrichment of the Early Universe Santa.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032522/56649d6a5503460f94a496c1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
GRB021004: T + 154 min
![Page 18: GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago) Workshop on Chemical Enrichment of the Early Universe Santa.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032522/56649d6a5503460f94a496c1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
GRB021004: T + 180 min(Optical Transient Detected at T + 9 min)
![Page 19: GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago) Workshop on Chemical Enrichment of the Early Universe Santa.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032522/56649d6a5503460f94a496c1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Discovery of GRB 021004 Optical Afterglow
Spectroscopic observations < 3 hours later gave first redshift info (z > 1.6)
Optical afterglow very bright (R = 15.4) at discovery
![Page 20: GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago) Workshop on Chemical Enrichment of the Early Universe Santa.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032522/56649d6a5503460f94a496c1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
GRB 021004 Optical Afterglow
Mirabal et al. (2003)
![Page 21: GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago) Workshop on Chemical Enrichment of the Early Universe Santa.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032522/56649d6a5503460f94a496c1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
ALS in Optical Afterglow Spectrum of GRB 021004
Mirabal et al. (2003)
LRIS spectrum taken 2002 Oct. 8.507 Three ALS seen:
z1 = 1.380z2 = 1.602z3 = 2.328
![Page 22: GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago) Workshop on Chemical Enrichment of the Early Universe Santa.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032522/56649d6a5503460f94a496c1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Fragmented Circumburst Nebula Model
Mirabal et al. (2003)
![Page 23: GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago) Workshop on Chemical Enrichment of the Early Universe Santa.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032522/56649d6a5503460f94a496c1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Redshift Sub-Components in Optical Afterglow Spectrum of GRB 021004
Mirabal et al. (2003)
![Page 24: GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago) Workshop on Chemical Enrichment of the Early Universe Santa.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032522/56649d6a5503460f94a496c1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Column Densities of Elements
Savaglio, Fall and Fiore (2003)
![Page 25: GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago) Workshop on Chemical Enrichment of the Early Universe Santa.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032522/56649d6a5503460f94a496c1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Observed Mass of C IV as Function of Redshift
Pettini et al. (2003)
![Page 26: GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago) Workshop on Chemical Enrichment of the Early Universe Santa.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032522/56649d6a5503460f94a496c1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Possible Ionization Histories of the Universe
Holder et al. (2003)
![Page 27: GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago) Workshop on Chemical Enrichment of the Early Universe Santa.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032522/56649d6a5503460f94a496c1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Advantages of GRBs as Probes of Reionization
GRBs are by far the most luminous events in the universe and are therefore easy to find
GRBs are expected to lie at very high redshifts (z > 5) Optical and NIR/IR afterglows of GRBs are detectable
out to very high redshifts GRBs produce no “proximity effects” (i.e., no dynamical
disturbance or ionization of the IGM) GRBs have simple power-law spectra and dramatically
outshine their host galaxies, making it relatively easy to determine the shape of the red edge of the Gunn-Peterson trough
![Page 28: GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago) Workshop on Chemical Enrichment of the Early Universe Santa.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032522/56649d6a5503460f94a496c1/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Reionization Signature in GRB NIR Afterglows
![Page 29: GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago) Workshop on Chemical Enrichment of the Early Universe Santa.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032522/56649d6a5503460f94a496c1/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
NIR Spectra of GRBs as Probe of Reionization
Lamb and Haiman (2004)
![Page 30: GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago) Workshop on Chemical Enrichment of the Early Universe Santa.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032522/56649d6a5503460f94a496c1/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
NIR Spectra of GRBs as Probe of Reionization
Lamb and Haiman (2004)
![Page 31: GRBs as a Probe of the Elemental Abundance History of the Universe D. Q. Lamb (U. Chicago) Workshop on Chemical Enrichment of the Early Universe Santa.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032522/56649d6a5503460f94a496c1/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Conclusions
HETE-2 and follow-up observations have confirmed the connection between GRBs and core-collapse supernovae
This strengthens likelihood that GRBs exist out to very high redshifts (z > 5)
GRBs and their optical/NIR afterglows are easily visible out to redshifts z ~ 20
GRBs may therefore provide a powerful probe of Moment of first light Star-formation history of the universe Elemental abundance history of the universe Reionization history of the universe