Yoav Weinstein – yoavw@dir-technologies.com ; Eran Sinbar – erans@dir-technologies.com

Gravity & Time Theory

19 April 2015

Question: Why did the universe choose to apply a gravitational force Between these two masses ?

Mass 1 Mass 2

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Before reading on to find the answer in the last slide , it is recommended to read our slide share presentations: • Quantized fabric of space and time • The grid extra dimensions theory • The symbiosis of the grid pattern extra dimensions

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Gravitational force is caused by the curve of space and time as Einstein showed in his general relativity theory. The curved space “pushes” the two masses one towards the other and that is the gravitational force. But why do 2 static objects curve the space and time causing the 2 masses to move one towards the other? Newton found the first gravitation equation, Einstein explained how it works with the curve of space and time & this presentation tries to explain why the universe prefers to “behave” in the way Einstein and Newton predicted.

• The 3D quantum of space is in the magnitude of Planck length to each dimension. • Time is also quantized. It is like a clock of an electronic circuit where every rising or falling edge of the

clock, a quantum step is being performed in the universe. Time is a quantized beat that ticks the universe. Between these ticks nothing happens. The Duty Cycle (QOT - Quantum Of Time) in free space without gravity or acceleration forces is in the magnitude of h/c h = Planck length ~ 1.6*10 ^ -35 [meter ] c = the speed of light [meter/second ] • Near a mass (or during acceleration) the ticking (QOT) slows down based on General Relativity

equations.

Assumption based on the quantized time in a Quantized Space theory

time Quantum of time

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Discrete ,quantized space and time

h(Planck length [meters])

Time quanta = h/c Frequency quanta = 1/(time quanta )= c/h ω quanta = 2*π * Frequency = 2*π*c/h These are the basic quantum blocks of space, time and frequency

c(speed of light [meters/second])

2D schematic image of quantum of space Without influence of gravity (mass) or acceleration

Space quanta = h (Planck length , the size of each dimension Of the 3D quantum of space without influence of gravitation Or acceleration)

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Mass & The N Factor Space quanta with the influence of mass or acceleration = the dimension of the quantum cell under curvature influence of mass or acceleration = h * N . N is an integer which increases as the mass increases. N can be probably calculated from general relativity equations assuming a discrete quantized space and time ,meaning that the 4D space and time are quantized as detailed in slide # 4. Time quanta with the influence of mass or acceleration = h*N/c Frequency quanta with the influence of mass or acceleration = c/(h*N) ω quanta (ω mass) with the influence of mass or acceleration = 2*π*c/(h*N)

h

h*N

c c

Schematic figure of quantum of space Schematic figure of quantum of space Under the influence of mass or acceleration

QOT = h*N/c QOT =h/c

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Energy and Power E mass= mc²*{1+ Sin ([ω mass]*t + ɸ)} ; m=mass E mass = mc²*{1+ Sin ([ω/N]*t + ɸ)} The Sin (Sinus ) function was chosen randomly to represent an harmonic function (the clock ticking effect). The harmonic function can be a superposition of More than one harmonic sinusoidal functions (Fourier transforms) E average over time = mc² N is a positive Integer. If the mass increases the curvature of space and time increases and the N increases . For massless photon N=1 Average E over time = mc²

P (Power ) = 𝜕𝐸/𝜕𝑡 P= mc²*(ω/N)*cos([ω/N]*t + ɸ) Max P = mc²*(ω/N)

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Half of the quantum time cycle, energy of 2mc² are in the extra grid dimensions Half cycle this energy is in the quantum cells that represent the known 3D space

Schematic 2D image of the 3D Grid Extra Dimensions

Schematic 2D image of the known 3D Quantum of space dimensions

Blue = energy (2mc²) White = No Energy

Time

Quantum time cycle

Half quantum time cycle

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Half of the quantum time cycle, energy of 2mc² are in the extra grid dimensions Half cycle this energy is in the quantum cells that represent the known 3D space

Schematic 2D image of the 3D Grid Extra Dimensions

Schematic 2D image of the known 3D Quantum of space dimensions

Blue = energy (2mc²) White = No Energy

Time

Quantum time cycle

Half quantum time cycle

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P1 max = m1*c²* ω1 P2 max = m2*c²* ω2 P1&2 max = (m1+m2)*c²* ω1&2 After applying gravitation force And merging the 2 masses P1&2 max< P1 max+P2 max

Example 1: An Atom which applies a full electron cycle for each time quanta 2*π *Frequency Quanta = ω

ω1=ω/N(m1)

ω2=ω/N(m2)

ω1&2=ω/N(m1+m2)

ω1&2< ω1< ω2 , time slows as mass increases N increases as mass increases

m1&2 = m1+m2

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P1 max = m1*c²*ω1 P2 max = m2*c²*ω2 P1&2 max = (m1+m2)*c²*ω1&2 After applying gravitation force And merging the 2 masses P1&2 max< P1 max+P2 max

Example 2: Quarks which apply a full rotating cycle for each time quanta 2*π *Frequency Quanta = ω

ω1=ω/N(m1)

ω2=ω/N(m2)

ω1&2=ω/N(m1+m2)

ω1&2< ω1< ω2 , time slows as mass increases N increases as mass increases

m1&2 = m1+m2

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P1 max = m1*c²*ω1 P2 max = m2*c²*ω2 P1&2 max = (m1+m2)*c²*ω1&2 After applying gravitation force And merging the 2 masses P1&2 max< P1 max+P2 max

Example 3: Strings which apply a full rotating cycle for each time quanta 2*π *Frequency Quanta = ω

ω1=ω/N(m1)

ω2=ω/N(m2)

ω1&2=ω/N(m1+m2)

ω1&2< ω1< ω2 , time slows as mass increases N increases as mass increases

m1&2 = m1+m2

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Time

Mass 1 Mass 2

The duty cycle increases as the mass increases Or in another words:

The quantum ticking of the universal clock slows down As the mass increases

QOT near Mass 2 ω mass2 = ω/N2

QOT near Mass 1 ω mass1 = ω/N1

QOT(mass 1) > QOT (mass 2)

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m2

m1

Time

Mass 1 Mass 2

The duty cycle increases as mass 1 & mass 2 get closer together

QOT near Mass 1 & mass 2 ω mass1&2 = ω/N1&2

Mass 1 & mass 2 = mass 1 + mass2 > mass 1 or mass 2 QOT(mass 1 & mass2 ) > QOT (mass 2) or QOT(mass1) N1&2 > N1 or N2

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m1&2

Gravitational Force = Increasing the Quantum Of Time (QOT) And Reducing Power Consumption

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m1*c²*(ω/N1)*cos ( [ω/N1]*t + ɸ ) m2*c²*(ω/N2)*cos ( [ω/N2]*t + ɸ )

m1&2*c²*(ω/N1&2)*cos ( [ω/N1&2]*t + ɸ )

Power consumption Of mass 1

Power consumption Of mass 2

Reduced Power consumption Of mass 1&2 together

Summary

• Assumption : the universe is made of 3D quanta's of space in the magnitude of Planck length (h) for each dimension . • Time is made of time quanta’s in the magnitude of Planck length / speed of light (h/c),Quantum Of Time (QOT)

• 2*π/QOT = ω (at free space without influence of nearby mass or acceleration). • Mass and acceleration of mass curves space quanta’s and increases the time quanta. the larger the mass the bigger the increase. QOT (mass) = QOT (free space) * N (increases as the mass or acceleration increases). ω mass =ω (free space) / N (increases as the mass or acceleration increases).

• E(Energy) = mc²* {1+sin ( [ω/N]*t + ɸ )}

• 𝑃(𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟) =𝜕𝐸

𝜕𝑡 = mc²*(ω/N)*cos ( [ω/N]*t + ɸ ) 𝑃(𝑀𝑎𝑥) = mc²*(ω/N)

• Assumption – the universe is always looking for the lowest power consumption. • A larger QOT (larger N) means a lower power consumption.

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• By applying gravitational force the universe brings masses together and reduces power consumption by increasing the QOT (Quantum Of Time).

• The time quanta, the clock of the universe is synchronized by the grid extra dimensions. • Every clock tick of the universe (time quanta ) a massless photon can pass from one 3D quantum of space to the next one. so if quantum of time is h/c and the length of the quantum of space is h (Planck’s length) than the speed of light is c (that is why the speed of light is limited to c). • When there is a particle with mass >0 ,there is more to do every tick of the time quanta beside passing energy to the next 3D quantum cell. There is a procedure of curving the quantum cells of the 3D space and to vibrate it to the desired harmony based on the string theory. that is the reason that it takes more than one time quanta for a particle with a specific mass, to move its energy from one 3D quantum cell of space to the other and the energy propagates slower than the speed of light. • For each half cycle of the quantum time cycle, the energy of the mass ,2*m*c² is in the 3D quantum

of space and during the second cycle of the quantum time cycle this energy is in the grid extra dimensions. Overall the average energy measured in our known universe which is built from 3D quantum space, basic building blocks ,is E=m*c² (slide # 8 & #9).

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Answer : the universe is ticking in a quantum rhythm. The rhythm slows down as mass increases. Gravitational force is intended to bring masses together , increase mass and slow down the ticking rhythm. Lowering power consumption is the root cause for gravity forces through out the universe. This phenomena is the root cause for the arrow of time from past to future.