Markus Neteler
Foundation Edmund Mach (FEM)
Research and Innovation Centre
Trento, Italyneteler at cealp.it

Quarto Workshop Italiano
"Open Source, Free Software e Open Format
nei processi di ricerca archeologica"Roma, 27 e 28 aprile 2009

http://www.archeo-foss.orgGRASS GIS and OSGeo:
A framework for archeology

http://www.foss4g2006.org/contributionDisplay.py?contribId=214&sessionId=54&confId=1

http://grass.osgeo.org/devel/grasshist.html

GRASS: command line and
graphical user interfaces

1982.... 1995

2007..
today

GRASS6 spatial data types

2D raster maps and imagery2D/3D topological vector maps3D raster (voxels) volumes

fully integrated 400+ modules

add-ons managed on Wiki + SVN

raster: 2D/3D map algebra, DEM analysis, flowtracing, buffers, neighbourhood analysis, solar, cost surfaces, covariance,

image: rectification, multispectral, radiometric correction, principal and canonical component analysis, reclassification

visualization: 2D display,
3D interactive visualization

GRASS6 functionality I

Vector: buffers, overlays, conversions, networks, linear referencing system, digitizing, topology, triangulation, voronoi polygons

DBMS: attribute management with SQL

Transformations: projections,
raster-vector conversions, interpolation/approximation

Web Services

WMS support with r.in.wms

WFS support with v.in.wfs

KML/KMZ - Google Earth through
v.out.ogr and r.out.gmap (in add-ons)

GRASS6 functionality II

Connecting the OSGeo stack

Portability, interoperability GRASS

View InteractTeach

SpatialAnalysisModeling

GeostatisticsPredictive modeling

Databaseengine:Tables,attributes

DBF

vector

raster

External data

Visualize

Web Processing
Service

GRASS GIS and QGIS

QGIS Geodata Viewer with GRASS Toolbox,
GPS Support and plugins...

http://qgis.org

GRASS GIS: new graphical user interface

Written in Python/wxWidgets Intuitive usage

Powerful

Future:

Cartography tool

Location Wizard

Digitizer

Attribute management

New Windows Installers: OSGeo4W
and winGRASS stand-alone

Solar radiation: potential settlements

kWh/m2Example for solar radiation model applied to modern GIS data

Application in archeology:
identification of
well insolated sites
for predictive modelling

Jaro HofierkaUniversity of Presov

Monthly insolation

Weekly insolation

January

Available Methods Cell based statistics

Binning

Spatial approximation

- Smoothing

Use cases:- Topographic analysis- Feature extraction (Separation DEM/DSM)

Multi-return
Lidar

H. Mitasova, NCSUM. Brovelli, PdM, Como

Lidar data analysis in GRASS

Buildings imported from2D SHAPE file

Type based color
classification

Extrusion to 3D:Using height attribute

Visualization: GRASS

Stereo rendering in
Paraview (www.paraview.org)

Visualization: GRASS export to
Paraview and Povray

Povray rendering (www.povray.org): adding clouds and haze

Additionally:KML

KMZ output

Data Prof. Tozzi (mapping 1985)

Alignments

OpenStreetMap roads

Centuriazione - Arco: Lidar

Data Centuriazione: Denis Francisci
Lidar based DEM: Aut. Prov di Trento

Data Prof. Tozzi (mapping 1985)

Alignments

OpenStreetMap roads

Centuriazione - Arco: Lidar

Data Centuriazione: Denis Francisci
Lidar based DEM: Aut. Prov di Trento

GRASS: v.parallel, shaded relief, ...

Remote sensing with GRASS

NDVI: used to show old Adige river sinuosity (Landsat7 based)

Remote sensing with GRASS

False color image: used to show old Adige river sinuosity (Landsat7 based)

Viewshed analysis with GRASS

New, extremely fast viewshed algorithm (yet in GRASS-Addons): r.viewshed

Viewshed fromDos Trento

Comparison on a 5m Lidar based DEM (left map) calculation time:- r.los: 4.5h- r.viewshed: 18 sec
(still small precision
issue to be fixed)

v.vol.rst wcolumn=sigma_v

From D. Francisci (2009): Fabric Analysis in Archaeology

a

b

v

2D Interpolation

Contour
lines

2D and 3D interpolation in GRASS

3D Interpolation
(voxel)

Geostatistics with GRASS and R

R run inside a GRASS session reads and
writes data from/to GRASS directly

r.walk: Walking connectivity

A comparison of hiking paths in Val di Fassa, Italy Rot: existing path Blau: calculated with r.walk

r.walk improved again in GRASS 6.5+

Arrival

Start

Autor:
M. Franchi, Young researchers wanted award (PBZ, 2006)

GRASS GIS

Founded 4th February 2006, Chicagohttp://www.osgeo.org

OSGeo Foundation: Founding projects

Open Source Geospatial Foundation OSGeo
www.osgeo.org

Mission: To support the development of open source geospatial software and promote its widespread use.

Founding projects (constituted in February 2006): GDAL/OGR, GeoTools, GRASS GIS, Mapbender, MapBuilder,
MapGuide Open Source (Autodesk), MapServer, OSSIM

Since Feb 2008: GRASS (and others) are official members

Motivation: More that 200 GFOSS projects worldwide... need for selection and organization: User oriented!

Italian OSGeo Chapter: www.gfoss.it

www.osgeo.org

OSGeo: Open Source Geospatial Foundation

The OSGeo Landscape

OSGeo software development: Source Code Control

Legal AspectsLicense compatibility (e.g., GRASS: GPL)

Don't use code from books like Numerical Receipes in C!

Verify that 3rd party contributions are clean

The employer has to agree if work time shall be used forFree Software coding

Transparency and peer review help to minimise any legal risk.

Apache - OSGeo FoundationIncubator phase

Graduation

http://incubator.apache.org/

http://www.osgeo.org/incubator

For a more detailed comparison, see e.g., http://www.spatialserver.net/osgis/

FOSS4G comparison table

www.mappinghacks.com

http://wiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Library

FOSS4G bookshelf

www.spatialguru.com

www.grassbooks.org

2005

2008

2009

http://grass.osgeo.org

Almost unlimited possibilities with GFOSS software

User levels: from newcomers to power users

Interoperability with other software packages, also in
heterogeneous environments

GFOSS Quality: peer reviewed code, often with academic
background

Support: Community Mailing Lists, companies, freelancer, ...

Conclusions

Markus NetelerFondazione E. Mach (FEM)Centro Ricerca e InnovazioneGIS and Remote Sensing UnitSede Viote del Monte Bondone38100 Trento, Italyhttp://gis.fem-environment.euhttp://www.osgeo.org

License of this document

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/deed.en



2009 Markus Neteler, Italy
http://gis.fem-environment.eu [ OpenDocument file available upon request: neteler at cealp it ]

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GRASS GIS Open Source Geospatial Foundation

Proprietary vs Open Source/Free Software

ComponentProprietaryOpen Source

Metadata CatalogCubeWerx WRSGeoNetwork

Dedicated ViewerArcReadergvSIG, QGIS, uDig

CartographyArcMap/ArcGISGMT, GRASS, JGRASS

AnalysisArcINFO/ArcGIS, ERDAS, ENVIGRASS, OSSIM, SAGA, ILWIS

HandheldArcPadgvSIG mobile

Web ViewerArcIMSOpenlayers, Mapbuilder, Mapbender, Mapfish

WMS, WFSArcIMSMapserver, Geoserver, Mapguide OS

Spatial DatabaseOracle Spatial, ArcSDEPostGIS, (MySQL, SQLite)

Virtual GlobeGoogle Earth, Virtual EarthOSSIM Planet, NASA WorldWind, Ratman

LibrariesFMEGDAL, FDO

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