GRAPHITE VADE MECUM - Klinger AG GRAPHITE VADE MECUM ... 9. Chemical resistance 23 ... So that the...

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GRAPHITE VADE MECUM

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Klinger AG Egliswil >> Webereistrasse 1 >> CH-5704 Egliswil >> T +41 62 769 30 30 >> F +41 62 769 30 33 >> info@klinger–ag.ch >> www.klinger-ag.ch

KLINGER AG EGLISWIL

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1. General information 04

2. Specifications 06

3. Product overview 07

4. Sale shapes 08

5. Operating conditions 10

6. Applications 11

7. Parameters in accordance with DIN EN 13555 12

8. Material specifications 17

9. Chemical resistance 23

KLINGER AG EGLISWIL

CONTENTS

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1. GENERAL INFORMATION


Graphite Laminate Klinger graphite laminate is made from expanded graphite layers which are either glued onto plain sheet metal or rolled onto tanged sheet metal. A homogeneous graphite laminate is obtained by sticking homogenous graphite foils together. The adhesive layer is invoked by means of a controlled process which allows• the volume of adhesive to remain less than 1 % of the graphite volume• an even distribution of the adhesive to be guaranteedThe advantage of this method is that the excellent properties of flexible graphite are retained. As only a low quantity of adhesive is used, the exceptional chemical and thermal resistance of the graphite is not affected.

Properties of graphiteGraphite is characterised by a number of peculiarities, such as, for example:• Temperature resistance from – 200 °C to + 450 °C (or higher in an inert atmosphere)• Exceptional micro-sealing• Exceptional resistance to temperature fluctuations• High thermal conductivity on level ground• No heat or cold transfer, either under pressure or temperature load• Flexibility in the whole temperature range• No swelling or shrinking under the influence of agents• Unlimited shelf life• Easy manipulation• No risk to health

Non-stick coatingIn order to prevent the gasket material from sticking to the flange surface (even at high tempera-tures), the graphite surface can be given a non-stick coating at the customer‘s request. With this process step, it is a matter of coating the graphite surface and not impregnation.

Chemical resistanceGraphite is resistant to almost all agents such as acids, alkalis, solvents, fats, oils, gas, vapour and water. Exceptions to this are strong oxidising agents such as concentrated nitric acid, potassium chlorate, permanganate solutions and chloric acid. Details can be found in the resistance table (Item 9). The resistance of the fillers used are also to be taken into consideration!

Shelf-lifeAs a rule, storage temperature, exposure to light, etc. do not have any influence on the shelf-life of graphite laminates. However, the following conditions for proper storage should be adhered to in order to achieve shelf-lives of > 10 years:• Temperature range – 20 °C to + 50 °C• Clean and dry air (no particles of dirt, no aggressive gases or vapours)• Protection from damages• Store flat goods horizontally

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Usage parametersBecause of the high requirements which are placed on the safety of sealing joints and the demands which apply nowadays for the utmost imperviousness, it is necessary to choose and fit the right gasket with the corresponding know-how.The adjustment to the unevenness of the sealing surface is dependent on the compressibility of the gasket as well as the surface texture of the sealing surface and the surface contact pressure.When choosing the material, it must be ensured that the agent resistance of the gasket material is also specified under operating conditions. As a rule, well compressed gaskets are more resistant than slightly compressed gaskets.The overall properties regarding strength and statics are determined by the whole gasket system. Subject to the high requirements of the imperviousness of flange joints, high surface contact pres-sures must be invoked on the gasket with increasing internal pressure. For such operating condi-tions, it must be checked whether this flanged joint is also able to withstand this load without being mechanically overloaded. So that the sealing joint is impermeable, a set minimum surface contact pressure is required. Furthermore, it is exceptionally important for the life span of the gasket that the required minimum surface contact pressure of the gasket is never fallen short of when the gas-ket is in operation. Higher compressed, but not over compressed, gaskets have a longer life span than slightly compressed gaskets. It cannot however be guaranteed that the incorporated gasket is exclusively statically loaded or, in the case that voltage fluctuations are to be expected during dis-continuous operation, then special gasket materials which do not get brittle at high temperatures are used for water / vapour applications.

For gaskets which are used in the discontinuous operation of water-vapour circuits, a minimum surface contact pressure during operation of 30MPa is recommended as a general rule. In such cases, the gasket should be as thin as is both technically possible and reasonable.The imperviousness is dependent on, amongst other things, the surface contact pressure invoked during installation and which remains during operation. A properly chosen and installed gasket will have a long life span. The multiple usage of gaskets is advised against for safety reasons.The maximum permissible surface contact pressure of the gasket material subject to pressure, temperature and gasket thickness must not be exceeded. The sealing joint remains impervious if the surface contact pressure during operation is higher than the required minimum surface contact pressure and the maximum permissible surface contact pressure σBO of the gasket is not exceeded.A generally binding rule for determining the required gasket thickness does not exist. A thickness of 2 mm is usually sufficient; thinner gaskets permit higher surface contact pressures.


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2. GRAPHITE SPECIFICATIONS

2. GRAPHITE SPECIFICATIONS

EIGENSCHAFT QUALITY A B C

Thickness mm 0.25 – 1.00 0.20 – 1.50 0.20 – 1.50

Density g /cm3 1.00 1.00 1.00

Purity % ≥ 99.8 ≥ 99.0 ≥ 98.0

Ash content % ≤ 0.2 ≤ 1.0 ≤ 2.0

Leachable chloride ppm ≤ 20 ≤ 40 ≤ 50

Sulfur ppm ≤ 600 ≤ 750 ≤ 1000

Total halogens ppm < 450 – –

Compressibility % 40 – 50 40 – 50 40 – 50

Recovery % 10 – 15 10 – 15 10 – 15

Tensile strength MPa > 4 > 4 > 4

Leakage rate (DIN 3535)• Foil thickness < 0.63 mm• Foil thickness 0.63 – 1.00 mm • Foil thickness > 1.00 mm

ml/min< 0.25< 0.40< 0.55

< 0.25< 0.40< 0.55

< 0.40< 0.70< 1.00

Thermal conductivity• along length and width• through thickness

W/mKW/mK

180 – 2004 – 6

180 – 2004 – 6

180 – 2004 – 6

Thermal expansion• parallel to layers• though thickness

m/m °Cm/m °C

ca. 1 . 10 – 6ca. 30 . 10 – 6

Specific heat J/kg°K 710

Klinger Graphite laminate is usually produced with graphite density 1.00 g/cm3. Other densities have to be ordered specifi-cally. Exception: PDM with 2 tanged inserts and graphite density 1.3 g/cm3. Exception: PDM with 2 tanged inserts and graphite density 1.3 g/cm3. Graphite qualities: A high purity B standard C economy

Other thicknesses and sizes on request.

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3. PRODUCT OVERVIEW

3. PRODUCT OVERVIEW

NAME TYPE INSERT

Insert Basic material Thickness

ESM laminate expanded 1.4404 / passo 4 0.50 mm

G homogen-eous

– PET overlay 0.01 mm

H / HL homogen-eous

– – –

PCM laminate tang DIN 1624 0.20 mm

PDM laminate tang 1.4401/1.4404 graphite compressed

0.10 mm

PHM laminate tang alloy C276 0.10 mm

PIM laminate tang alloy 625 0.10 mm

PMM laminate tang monel 400 0.10 mm

PSE laminate tang 1.4401/1.4404 0.10 mm

PSM * laminate tang 1.4401/1.4404 0.10 mm

SAB laminate plain aluminum one–side self–adhesive 0.03 mm

SLA laminate plain aluminum 0.10 mm

SLF laminate fiber graphite–fibre 0.30 mm

SLG laminate glas fibre glas fibre 0.20 mm

SLN laminate plain nickel 0.01 mm

SLS laminate plain 1.4401/1.4404 0.05 mm

SLW laminate wire mesh 1.4301 0.18 mm

SMB laminate foil PET overlay self–adhesive 0.01 mm

SML laminate foil PET 0.01 mm

TSM ** laminate tang 1.4401/1.4404 0.10 mm

X *** homogen-eous

– – –

XSM *** laminate tang 1.4401/1.4404 0.10 mm

* insert 0.05 mm available on request** TA-Luft laminate *** continuous service temperature up to 550 °C All graphite laminates (no rolls) can be printed with Klinger logo or tailor made logo.

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4. SALE SHAPES

4. SALE SHAPES

NAME GRAPHITE QUALITY SIZE

Thickness (mm) Width (mm) Lenght (m) Density (g /cm3)

H A B C 0.20 – 1.00 1000 30 – 100 0.70 / 1.00

SAB B C 0.25 – 1.00 1000 30 – 100 1.00

SLA B C 0.60 – 1.00 1000 30 – 100 1.00

SLN A B C 0.60 – 1.00 500 / 1000 30 – 100 1.00

SLS A B C 0.45 – 1.00 1000 30 – 100 1.00

SMB B C 0.20 – 1.00 1000 30 – 100 1.00

SML B C 0.75 – 1.00 1000 30 – 100 1.00

X B 0.50 – 1.00 1000 30 – 100 1.00

The diameter of the core cartridge for graphite foils can be either 105 mm or 150 mm.

4.1 Rolls

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4. SALE SHAPES

NAME GRAPHITE QUALITY SIZE

Thickness (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)

ESM B C 1.00 – 3.00 2000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 –

G B 1.00 – 3.00 2000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 –

H / HL * A B C 0.50 – 3.00 2000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 1500 x 1500

PCM B C 1.00 – 2.00 2000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 –

PDM B C 1.00 – 3.00 2000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 1500 x 1500

PHM A B C 1.00 – 3.00 – 1000 x 610 –

PIM A B C 1.00 – 3.00 1000 x 910 1000 x 610 –

PMM A B C 1.00 – 3.00 – 1000 x 610 –

PSE C 1.00 – 3.00 2000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 1500 x 1500

PSM * A B C 0.60 – 3.00 2000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 1500 x 1500

SAB B C 0.25 – 1.00 2000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 –

SLA B C 0.60 – 2.00 2000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 –

SLF A B C 1.00 – 3.00 1500 x 1000 – –

SLG B C 0.60 – 2.00 – 1000 x 1000 –

SLN A B C 0.60 – 3.00 1000 x 1000 1000 x 500 –

SLS ** A B C 0.50 – 3.00 2000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 1500 x 1500

SLW B C 1.00 – 3.00 1500 x 1000 – –

SMB B C 0.20 – 1.00 2000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 –

SML B C 0.75 – 3.00 2000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 –

TSM *** B 1.00 – 3.00 – 1000 x 1000 –

X B 0.50 – 1.00 2000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 –

XSM B 1.00 – 3.00 2000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 –

Other qualities, thicknesses and sizes on request* sheet size 1500 x 1500 mm only for graphite quality B and C** sheet size 1500 x 1500 mm only for graphite quality C*** impregnated foil (TA-Luft laminate) The graphite surface can be given a non-stick coating at the customer’s request for an additional charge (exception: Type G).

4.2 Sheets

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2. OPERATING CONDITIONS

5. OPERATING CONDITIONS

100pi bar

MPa0

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Rule of thumb for thickness 2.00 mm

T(°C)

Pi(bar)

Seatingstress(MPa)

H/HL < 450 < 20 20 – 40

SLS < 450 20 – 80 25 – 60

PSM < 450 20 – 100 25 – 100

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6. APPLICATIONS

6. APPLICATIONS

INDUSTRY COMPONENTS H / HL SLS / SLF PSM PDM PSM 200-3 TSM XSM

TA-Luft

Autommotive industry

Exhaust systems

Cylinder head gasket

Chemical industry Standard flanges

Tongue-and-groove flanges

Vessel / equipment flanges

Gaskets up to Ø 1500 mm

Glas / plastic / enamel surface

Highly corrosive media

High gasket pressure

Mechanical shear movement

Gas technology

Power station technology

Fittings

Vessels / equipment

Pipework

Inspection glasses

Waste gas purification

Engine building

Food industry

Water supply

* recommended** suitable


Gasket parameter Qmin(L)

The gasket parameter Qmin(L) is defined in DIN EN 13555 as the minimum required surface contact pressure on the gasket when being ins-talled at room temperature so that by adjusting the gasket to the roughness of the flange gasket surfaces and sealing the internal leakage paths, the required tightness class L for the specified internal pressure is achieved.

Gasket parameter QSmin(L)

The gasket parameter QSmin(L) is defined in DIN EN 13555 as the minimum required surface contact pressure under operating conditions, this means following pressure relief in opera-tion at the operating temperature so that the required tightness class L for the specified in-ternal pressure is maintained.

Gasket parameter QSmax

In DIN EN 13555, the gasket parameter QSmax is defined as the maximum surface contact pressure with which the gasket can be loaded at the specified temperature without the gas-ket collapsing or failure occurring as a result of compressive strain.

Gasket parameter PQR

This characteristic is defined as a factor for ta-king into consideration the relaxation influence (settling properties, thickness reduction) on the gasket load after the screws are tightened and the long-term effect of the operating tem-peratures.

Secant modulus EG

Secant modulus of the gasket (pressure relief) in [MPa].

7. PARAMETERS IN ACCORDANCE WITH DIN EN 13555




Gasket parameters according to DIN EN 13555

PRODUCT Qmin (MPa)pi = 40barRT, He

QSmin (MPa)pi = 40 bar, RT, HeQA (MPa)

Temp (°C) QSmax

(MPa)PQR

Q = 50 MPa

20 40 60 80

H1000B L1.0 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT > 200 0.99

L0.1 17 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 – – –

L0.01 50 – – 40 13 300 > 200 0.95

H1500BHL150B

L1.0 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT 140 0.99

L0.1 24 – < 10 < 10 < 10 – – –

L0.01 76 – – – 71 300 120 0.95

H2000BHL200B

L1.0 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT 110 0.99

L0.1 27 – 11 < 10 < 10 – – –

L0.01 74 – – – 68 300 100 0.95

SLS100B L1.0 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT >200 0.99

L0.1 17 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 – – –

L0.01 50 – – 39 15 300 >200 0.94

SLS150B L1.0 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT 140 0.99

L0.1 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 – – –

L0.01 36 – 27 < 10 < 10 300 180 0.95

SLS200B L1.0 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT 140 0.99

L0.1 22 – < 10 < 10 < 10 – – –

L0.01 70 – – – 62 300 120 0.94

ESM150B L1.0 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT >200 0.99

L0.1 17 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 – – –

L0.01 37 – 30 14 11 300 >200 0.95

ESM200B L1.0 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT >200 0.99

L0.1 18 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 – – –

L0.01 37 – 30 11 < 10 300 200 0.95

ESM300B L1.0 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT 100 0.98

L0.1 25 – < 10 < 10 < 10 – – –

L0.01 52 – – 37 12 300 60 0.89

PSM100B L1.0 11 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT >240 0.99

L0.1 28 – < 10 < 10 < 10 – – –

L0.01 66 – – – 41 300 >240 0.97

PSM150B L1.0 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT >240 0.99

L0.1 18 12 < 10 < 10 < 10 – – –

L0.01 53 – – 38 13 300 >240 0.94

PSM200B L1.0 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT >240 0.99

L0.1 16 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 – – –

L0.01 43 – – 12 < 10 300 180 0.94

PSM300B L1.0 20 – < 10 < 10 < 10 RT 140 0.99

L0.1 68 – – – 46 – – –

L0.01 – – – – – 300 100 0.98




PRODUCT Qmin (MPa)pi = 40barRT, He

QSmin (MPa)pi = 40 bar, RT, HeQA (MPa)

Temp (°C) QSmax

(MPa)PQR

Q = 50 MPa

20 40 60 80

PSM200B-3

L1.0 15 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT > 240 0.99

L0.1 39 – 36 < 10 < 10 – – –

L0.01 – – – – – 300 > 240 0.94

PDM150B L1.0 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT > 240 0.99

L0.1 33 – 16 < 10 < 10 – – –

L0.01 72 – – – 57 300 > 240 0.96

PDM200B L1.0 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT 220 0.99

L0.1 21 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 – – –

L0.01 56 – – 48 17 300 80 0.92

TSM150B L1.0 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT 100 0.98

L0.1 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 – – –

L0.01 12 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 300 120 0.94

TSM200B L1.0 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT 80 0.99

L0.1 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 – – –

L0.01 15 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 300 80 0.92

stiffness 500 kN/mm




PRODUCT Temp (°C) SECANT MODULUS OF THE GASKET (PRESSURE RELIEF)EG (MPa)Q (MPa)

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

H1000B RT 494 1225 2255 3048 3675 4853 5096

– – – – – – – –

300 799 1351 1918 3259 3937 4627 4844

H1500B HL150B

RT 409 1006 1794 2617 3496 4432 5886

– – – – – – – –

300 518 925 1607 2278 3048 3934 –

H2000B HL200B

RT 387 932 1698 2414 3332 – –

– – – – – – – –

300 494 924 1615 2339 3201 – –

SLS100B RT 440 1115 1904 2656 3228 4243 –

– – – – – – – –

300 649 971 1934 2794 3460 4180 –

SLS150B RT 422 1021 1826 2477 3199 3666 4704

– – – – – – – –

300 512 980 1618 2442 3342 3955 4528

SLS200B RT 459 1134 2019 3015 3790 5310 –

– – – – – – – –

300 560 1137 1922 2983 3443 4927 –

ESM150B RT 856 2222 3459 4570 5300 6257 –

– – – – – – – –

300 820 21 3218 3920 4642 – –

ESM200B RT 617 1559 2357 3484 4250 5180 –

– – – – – – – –

300 588 1218 2068 2917 3545 4288 –

ESM300B RT 440 1115 1904 2656 3228 4243 –

– – – – – – – –

300 596 1034 1726 3463 – – –

ESM200B RT 617 1559 2357 3484 4250 5180 –

– – – – – – – –

300 588 1218 2068 2917 3545 4288 –

ESM300B RT 440 1115 1904 2656 3228 4243 –

– – – – – – – –

300 596 1034 1726 3463 – – –

stiffness 500 kN/mm


7. GASKET PARAMETERS ACCORDING TO DIN EN 13555


PRODUKT Temp (°C) SECANT MODULUS OF THE GASKET (PRESSURE RELIEF)EG (MPa)Q (MPa)

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

PSM100B RT 500 1378 1912 2571 4202 4397 4749

– – – – – – – –

300 694 1105 1870 2533 2706 3780 5053

PSM150B RT 509 1217 1944 2590 3340 4911 4456

– – – – – – – –

300 656 1142 2076 2769 3200 3681 4409

PSM200B RT 497 1166 2038 2664 3415 4042 5091

– – – – – – – –

300 588 1077 1690 2621 2847 4055 4940

PSM300B RT 496 1156 2023 2823 3921 4461 5454

– – – – – – – –

300 589 1138 1947 2752 3620 – –

PSM 200B-3 RT 608 1480 2527 3126 4240 4970 5750

– – – – – – – –

300 731 1332 2033 2939 3708 4790 5610

PDM150B RT 611 1136 2050 3211 3478 4405 5212

– – – – – – – –

300 680 1161 1781 2352 3102 4174 4793

PDM200B RT 531 1113 1923 2687 3325 4100 4808

– – – – – – – –

300 608 1066 1746 2422 3356 3983 4679

TSM150B RT 478 1202 2254 3028 4494 – –

– – – – – – – –

300 437 843 1393 2094 3098 4006 –

TSM200B RT 424 1067 1979 2787 – – –

– – – – – – – –

300 445 905 1585 2395 – – –

stiffness 500 kN/mm


8. MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS


8.1 Definitions

σVU/0.1 Minimum surface contact pressure for achieving leakage class L0.1 (in accordance with DIN 28090-1)

σBU Minimum surface contact pressure during operation, whereby σBU is the product of operating pressure p and the sealing factor m for the test and operating state (σBU = p . m)

σVO Maximum permissible surface contact pressure at RT

σBO, 300°C Maximum permissible surface contact pressure during operation

m σBU / pi

m-factor Similar to m, however defined according to ASTM and therefore a different numerical value

y-factor Minimum surface contact pressure in MPa

k0 in mm, parameter of the effective width of a gasket

k1 in mm, empirical parameter of a fictive gasket width

KD in N/mm2, deformation resistance of the gasket material

εKSW Compression and compressibility under a surface contact pressure of 35 N/mm2

εKRW Springback following a pressure relief of 35 N/mm2 on 1 N/mm2

εWSW Creep of the gasket under a surface contact pressure of 50 N/mm2 at 300 °C after 16 h

εWRW Springback following a pressure relief of 50 N/mm2 on 1N/mm2

The percentage thickness changes of εKSW, εKRW, εWSW und εWRW relate to the starting thickness of the gasket.

The formulae for calculating the gasket parameters in accordance with AD data sheet B7 are:k0 . KD = εVU . bD

k1 = m . bD



8.2 Homogeneous graphite foil

Graphite foil, manufactured from natural graphite, is a homogeneous material with no added bon-ding agents. It has a long usage time in comparison to other gasket materials and does not exhibit any noteworthy change in properties. In order to increase the flexible graphite‘s resistance to oxi-dation and corrosion, inhibitors can be used. Furthermore, graphite foils can be given a non-stick surface in order to prevent the gasket material from sticking to the flanged joint.

GRAPHITE QUALITY A B C X

Standard bulk density g /cm3 0.70 – 1.30

Ash content (DIN 51903) % ≤ 0.20 ≤ 1.00 ≤ 2.00 ≤ 1.00

Leachable chloride ppm ≤ 20 ≤ 40 ≤ 50 ≤ 25

Thermal conductivity at 20 °C

along length and width W / K.m 180 – 200

through thickness W / K.m 4 – 6

Electrical resistance at 20 °C

along length and width Ωµm 6 – 8

through thickness Ωµm 650 – 700

Thermal expansion

parallel to layers 10-6 / K ca. 1

through thickness 10-6 / K ca. 30

Coefficient of permeability (air)

through thickness cm2 / s < 2 . 10-5

Tensile strength MPa ≥ 4

Elongation at break % ≥ 1

Maximum acceptable compression stress

Sample: 20 x 20 mm x Dicke 0.35 mm MPa 220

0.50 mm MPa 200

1.00 mm MPa 140

Residual stress (DIN 52913) σD 16 h, 300 °C, 50MPa

MPa ≥ 45



8.3 Homogeneous graphite / graphite laminate

PRODUCT H1000 HL150 HL200 HL300

Thickness mm 1.00 1.50 2.00 3.00


N / mm2 ≥ 45

Gasketcharacteristics (DIN28090-1) N / mm²

σVU/0.1 20 25 25 25

σVO 150 90 85 72

σBU/0.1 20 25 25 25

σBO 300 °C 130 85 70 61

Compression factors (DIN 28090-2)

Compressibility at 20 °C εKSW % 35 – 50

Recovery at 20 °C εKRW % 4 – 6

Hot creep during operation εWSW % < 3

Recovery at 300 °C εWRW % 2 – 5

ASTM «m»-factor MPa 2

«y»-factor MPa 6

Compressibility ASTM F36 % 40 – 50

Recovery ASTM F36 % 8 – 15



8.4 Graphite laminate with plain stainless steel insert, glued

PRODUCT SLS100 SLS150 SLS200 SLS300

Thickness mm 1.00 1.50 2.00 3.00

Reinforcing data mm plain stainless steel

material number 1.4401 / 1.4404

thickness 0.05

number 1 1 1 1

Residual stress (DIN 52913) σD 16h, 300 °C, 50MPa

N / mm2 ≥ 45

Gasket characteristics (DIN28090-1)

σVU/0.1 N / mm2 20 20 25 35

σVO N / mm2 195 140 125 80

σBU/0.1 N / mm2 20 20 25 35

σBO 300 °C N / mm2 110 85 75 50







«y»-factor MPa 6





8.5 Graphite laminate with perforated stainless steel insert

PRODUCT PSM100 PSM150 PSM200 PSM300

Thickness mm 1.00 1.50 2.00 3.00

Reinforcing data perforated stainless steel


thickness mm 0.10

number 1 1 1 1


N / mm2 ≥ 46


σVU/0.1 N / mm2 30 25 25 30

σVO N / mm2 210 180 140 95

σBU/0.1 N / mm2 30 25 25 30

σBO 300 °C N / mm2 190 140 110 80







«y»-factor MPa 6





8.6 Graphite laminate with perforated stainless steel insert, graphite compressed

PRODUCT PDM100 PDM150 PDM200 PDM300

Thickness mm 1.00 1.50 2.00 3.00

Graphite density g / cm3 1.30

Reinforcing data perforated stainless steel


thickness mm 0.10

number 2 2 2 2


N / mm2 ≥ 48


σVU/0.1 N / mm2 35 35 30 30

σVO N / mm2 255 170 140 105

σBU/0.1 N / mm2 35 35 30 30

σBO 300°C N / mm2 205 150 120 95







«y»-factor MPa 25




9. CHEMICAL RESISTANCE

9. CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF GRAPHITE LAMINATESResistance: A = restistant B = reservedly resistant C = not resistant

COMPATIBILITY OF MEDIA WITH:

GRAPHITE HOMOGE- NEOUS

GRAPHITE LAMINATE WITH...... INSERT

ALUMINIUMHASTELLOY

C 276INCONEL

625MONEL

400NICKEL

200STEEL1.0330

TITANGrade 2

WN 1.44011.4404 SLF

A

Acetaldehyde A A A A A A A A A B

Acetamide A A A A A A A A A A

Acetamide A A A A A A A A A A

Acetic acid A B A A B B U B A A

Acetic acid amylester A A A A A A A A A B

Acetic acid anhydride A B A A B B B A A A

Acetic acid butylester A A A A A A A A A B

Acetone A A A A A A A A A B

Acetylene A A A A A A A A A A

Acrylic acid A B A A B B U B A A

Acrylic acid esters A A A A A A A A A B

Acrylonitril A A A A A A A A A B

Adipic acid A B A A B B U B A A

Air (< 400 °C) A A A A A A A A A A

Aluminum acetate A A B A A A B A A A

Aluminum chlorate A A A A B B U A A A

Aluminum chloride A U B B B B U B U A

Aluminum fluoride A B B B B B U A U A

Aluminum sulfate A B A B B B U A B A

Amino acids A B A A B B U U B A

Ammonia (anhydrous) A A A A B B B A A A

Ammonia (gaseous) A A A A B B A A A A

Ammonium bifluoride A U A B B B B B B A

Ammonium bisulfate A B A B B B U A A A

Ammonium carbonate A B B A A A B A A A

Ammonium chloride A U A A B B B A B A

Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate

A A A A A A A A A A

Ammonium fluoride A U A B B B B B B B






ALUMINIUMHASTELLOY

C 276INCONEL

625MONEL

400NICKEL

200STEEL1.0330

TITANGrade 2

WN 1.44011.4404 SLF

Ammonium hydroxide A B A A U U A A A A

Ammonium nitrate B B B B U U U B B B

Ammonium persulfate A U A A U U U A U A

Ammonium phosphate A B A A B B U A A A

Ammonium sulfate A U A A B A A A A A

Ammonium thiocyanate A B A A A A B A A A

Amyl acetate A A A A A A B A A B

Aniline A B A A B B A A A U

Aniline hydro- chloride A U A A U U U B U B

Aqua regia U U U U U U U U U U

Arsenic acid A B A A B B U U B B

Arsenic trichloride A B A A A A U A U A

B

Barium chloride A B A A B B B A A A

Beer A A A A A A A A A A

Benzaldehyde A A A A A A A A A B

Benzene A A A A A A A A A A

Benzenesulfonic acid A U B B U U U U U B

Benzoic acid A B A A B B U B A B

Benzyl chloride A B A A A A B A A A

Boric acid A B A A A A B A A A

Bromic acid B U B B U U U B U B

Bromine (dry) A A A A A A B U A A

Bromine (wet) B U B U B B U B U B

Bromine trifluoride U U U U U U U U U U

Butadiene A A A A A A A A A A

Butane A A A A A A A A A A

Butanol A A A A A A A A A A

Butyl acetate A A A A A A A A A B

Butyl amine A A A A A A A A A U

Butyl cellosolve A A A A A A A A A A

Butyl phenol A B A A A A A A A A

Butyric acid A B A A B B U B A A

C

Calcium carbonate A A A A A A A A A A

Calcium chloride A B A A B A B B B A

Calcium hydroxide A B A A A A A A A A






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Calcium hypochlorite A U B B B B U A U A

Calcium oxide A A A A A A A A A A

Calcium sulfate A A B A A A A A A A

Carbolineum A B A A A A B A A B

Carbon dioxide A A A A B B B A A A

Carbon disulfide A A A A A A A A A A

Carbon monoxide A A A A B B B A A A

Carbon tetrachloride A A A A A A A A A A

Chloral hydrate A A A A A A A A A A

Chlorine (dry) A A A A A A B U A A

Chlorine (wet) B U B U B B U B U B

Chlorine dioxide B B B B U U U B B B

Chlorine trifluoride U U U U U U U U U U

Chloro ethyl benzene A A A A A A A A A B

Chloroacetic acid A B A A B B U B U B

Chlorobenzene A A A A A A A A A A

Chloroform A A A A A A A A A B

Chloropropionic acid A B A A B B U B A A

Chromic acid A B B B U U U B B B

Chromium trioxide (aqueous) B B B B U U U B B B

Chromosulfuric acid B B B B U U U B U B

Citric acid A B A A B B U B A A

Copper acetate A U A A B B U A A A

Copper chloride A U A A U U U A A A

Copper sulfate A U A A B B U A A A

Cresol A B A A A A U A A B

Cyclohexane A A A A A A A A A A

Cyclohexanol A A A A A A A A A A

Cyclohexanone A A A A A A A A A U

D

Decaline A A A A A A A A A A

Dibenzylether A A A A A A A A A U

Dibutyl phthalate A A A A A A A A A A

Dichlorobenzene A A A A A A A A A A

Dichloromethane A U A B B B B A A B

Diethanolamine A A A A A A A A A B

Diethyl ether A A A A A A A A A A

Diethylamine A A A A A A A A A B






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WN 1.44011.4404 SLF

Dimethyl formamide A A A A A A A A A U

Dimethyl sulfoxide A A A A A A A A A U

Dioxane A A A A A A A A A B

Diphenyl ether A A A A A A A A A A

Disulfur dichloride A B A B U U U A A A

Dowtherm (all types) A A A A A A A A A A

E

Epichlorohydrin A A A A A A B A A A

Ethane A A A A A A A A A A

Ethanol A A A A A A B A A A

Ethanolamine A A A A A A B A A B

Ethyl acetate A A A A A A A A A B

Ethyl amine A A A A A A B A A B

Ethyl butyl ester A A A A A A A A A B

Ethyl chloride A B A A B B B A A B

Ethyl mercaptane A A A A A A A A A A

Ethylenchlorohydrin A A A A A A A A A A

Ethylendiamine A A A A A A B A A U

Ethylendibromide A A A A A A A A A U

Ethylendichloride A A A A A A A A A U

Ethylene A A A A A A A A A A

Ethylene glycol A A A A A A A A A A

Ethylene oxide A A A A A A A A A A

F

Fatty acids A B A A A A B A A A

Fatty alcohols A A A A A A A A A A

Fluorine U U U U U U U U U U

Fluorobenzene A A A A A A A A A B

Folic acid A B A A B B U B A A

Formaldehyde A A A A A A B A A A

Formamide A A A A A A A A A A

Formic acid A B A A B B U B B B

Furfural A A A A A A A A A A

G

Gasoline A A A A A A A A A A

Glycerine A A A A A A A A A A

Glycols A A A A A A A A A A

H

Heat transfer oil A A A A A A A A A A

Heating oil A A A A A A A A A A






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Heptane A A A A A A A A A A

Hexachloro benzene A A A A A A A A A A

Hydraulic oils A A A A A A A A A A

Hydrazine A A A A A A A A A A

Hydrochloric acid A U B B B B U B U U

Hydrofluoric acid A U B B A B U U U U

Hydrogen bromide A U B B B B U B U U

Hydrogen cyanide A A A A A A B A A A

Hydrogen peroxide B B B B B B U B B B

Hydrogen sulfide (aqueous) A A A A B B U A A U

I

Iodine A B B B B B B B B A

Iron(II) chloride A U A A U U U A U A

Iron(II) sulfate A U A A A A A A A A

Iron(III) chloride A U A A U U U A U A

Iron(III) sulfate A U A A U U U A A A

Isooctane A A A A A A A A A A

Isopropyl acetate A A A A A A A A A A

Isopropyl alcohol A A A A A A A A A A

Isopropyl ether A A A A A A A A A A

L

Lactic acid A B A A B B U B B A

Lauryl alcohol A A A A A A A A A A

Lead acetate A U A A A A U A A A

Linseed oil A A A A A A A A A A

M

Magnesium carbonate A B B A A A B A A A

Magnesium chloride A U A A A A U A U A

Magnesium hydroxide A B A A A A A A A A

Magnesium nitrate A A A A B B B A A A

Magnesium sulfate A A B B B B B A A A

Maleic acid A B A A B B U B A A

Maleic acid anhydride A B A A A A A A A A

Manganese carbonate A A A A A A A A A A

Manganese chloride A B B A A A U A B A

Manganese sulfate A B A A A A B A A A






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Mannitol A A A A A A A A A A

Mercaptanes A A A A A A A A A A

Mercuric chloride A U B B U U U B U A

Mercury A U A A B B B A A A

Methane A A A A A A A A A A

Methanol A B A A A A B A A A

Methyl chloride A B A A A A A A A B

Methyl ethyl ether A A A A A A A A A A

Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) A A A A A A A A A B

Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) A A A A A A A A A B

Mineral oil A B A A A A B A A A

Morpholine A A A A A A A A A A

Motor oil A A A A A A A A A A

N

Nickel sulfate A U B B B U U A B A

Nickel chloride A U B B B B U A A A

Nitrating acid U U U U U U U U U U

Nitric acid B B B B U U U B B U

Nitrobenzene A A A A A A A A A U

Nitrogen A A A A A A A A A A

Nitrous acid B B B B U U U B B B

Nitrous oxide A A A A A A B A A A

O

Octane A A A A A A A A A A

Octanol A A A A A A A A A A

Oleic acid A A A A A A B A A A

Oxalic acid A B A A B B U B B B

Oxygen (< 300 °C) A A A A A A B A A A

P

Palmitic acid A B A A A A B A A A

Paraffin oil A A A A A A A A A A

Paraldehyde A A A A A A A A A A

Pentane A A A A A A A A A A

Pentanol A B A A A A A A A A

Perchloric acid U U U U U U U U U U

Petroleum A A A A B B A A A A

Petroleum ether A A A A A A A A A A

Phenol A U A A B A U A A U

Phenyl acetic acid A B A A B B U B A A

Phosgene A A A A A A A A A A






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Phosphoric acid A U B B B B U U B A

Phosphorous trichloride A B A A A A U A B A

Phthalic acid A B A A B B U B A A

Picric Acid A U B B U U U U U B

Potassium (< 350 °C) A A A A A A A A A A

Potassium acetate A A A A A A A A A A

Potassium bromide A B A A A A B A A A

Potassium carbonate A U B B A A B A A A

Potassium chlorate B B B B U U U B B B

Potassium chloride A B A A A A U A U A

Potassium chro-mate B B B B U U B B B B

Potassium cyanide A U A A B B U A A A

Potassium hydro-gensulfate A B A A B B B A A A

Potassium hydroxide A U B A A A B B A B

Potassium hypochlorite A U B B B B U A U A

Potassium iodide A B A A A A A A A A

Potassium nitrate (melt) B B B B U U U B B B

Potassium permanganate A B A A U U U A A A

Potassium silicate A B A A A A A A A A

Potassium sulfate A A B A A A B A A A

Propane A A A A A A A A A A

Propene A A A A A A A A A A

Pyridine A A A A A A A A A U

S

Sea water A B A A A U U A B A

Silicones A A A A A A A A A A

Siloxanes A A A A A A A A A A

Silver nitrate A U B A U U U A A A

Soap A A A A A A A A A A

Sodium bicarbo-nate A B A A A A B A A A

Sodium bisulfate A B A A B B U A A A

Sodium borate (aqueous) A A A A A A A A A A

Sodium bromide A U B B B B U A A A

Sodium carbonate A B B B B A U A A A






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Sodium chloride A B A A A B U A A A

Sodium hydroxide A B A A A A B B B B

Sodium hypochlo-rite A U B B B B U A U A

Sodium nitrate A A A A B B B A A A

Sodium peroxide B B B B B B U B B B

Sodium phosphate A B A A A A B A A A

Sodium silicate A A A A B A A A A A

Sodium sulfate A A A A A A U A A A

Sodium sulfide A B A A B B A A A A

Soy bean oil A A A A A A B A A A

Stannic chloride A U A A B B U A B B

Starch solution A A A A A A A A A A

Stearic acid A A A A A A B A A A

Styrene A A A A A A A A A A

Sulfonic acids A B A A B B U B A B

Sulfur chloride A U A A B B B A A A

Sulfur dioxide A B A A B A U A B A

Sulfur hexafluoride A A A A A A A A A A

Sulfur trioxide B B B B U U U B B B

Sulfuric acid < 70 % B B B B U U U B U U

Sulfuric acid > 70 % U U U U U U U U U U

Sulfuric acid fuming U U U U U U U U U U

Sulfurous acid A B A A B A U A A B

Sulfur (molten) A A A A B A A A A A

T

Tannin A A A A A A A A A A

Tartaric acid A B A A B B U B A A

Tetrachlorethylene A A A A A A A A A B

Tetrachloroethane A A A A A A A A A B

Tetralin A A A A A A A A A A

Thionylchloride A B B B B B U A B A

Toluene A A A A A A A A A A

Tricalcium phosphate A A A A A A A A A A

Trichloro acetic acid A U B B U U U U U B

Trichloroethylene A A A A A A A A A B

Triethanolamine A B A A A A B A A B

U

Urea A A A A A A A A A A






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V

Vapour A A A A B B B A A A

Vinyl acetate A A A A A A A A A A

W

Wine vinegar A B A A A A B A A B

X

Xylene A A A A A A A A A A

Z

Zinc chloride A U A A B B B B B B

Zinc sulfate A B A A B B U A A B

The technical data are based on experiments, experience and arguments by analogy. The data should provide a general indication without any warranty claim. We reserve the right to product changes which serve the purpose of technical progress.

Issue: July 2016


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