Graphite and Values Drawing

What is Value?

• It is the Element of Art that deals with the darkness or lightness of a color.

• Value depends on how much light a surface reflects or if there are shadows that overlay the object.

Leonardo Da VinciHead of a Bearded Man (so-called Self-

portrait c. 1510-1515)

One grotesque profiles, The Royal Collection, England

Study for the Head of Leda, c. 1505-7

View of a Skull, c. 1489

Study of a Figure for the Battle of Anghiari

Study of Arms and Hands, c. 1474

Study of Horses

Study of Horses

Study of a Young Woman in Profile, c. 1485-7

Students’ Examples

Requirements:• Copy and enlarge the original picture that you

brought from home. No changes are allowed.• Use graphite pencil and eraser only.• Use the value scales on your sketchbook.• Use at least five different values (excluding black

and white), and two shading techniques studied in class (hatching, crosshatching, stippling, and blending).

• Neatness, and good craftsmanship is expected.

Values Scale

Shading TechniquesHatching:

1. It can be achieved by using a quick back and forth motion with the pencil.

2. Pressure can be added to the pencil point to create darker lines, or reduced to create smooth, light lines.

3. Normally, hatching is used diagonally and for drawings that require less detail or little shading.

4. The lines must ideally follow the same direction to constitute hatching.

Cross hatching:1. It uses the same principle techniques as

hatching.2. Lines are drawn and overlapped by another set

of lines in another direction. 3. Pressure can be added again to create darker

shades, or more lines can be added over hatched areas to create deeper textures and dark shading tones.

4. The closer the lines are, the darker the shading is on the drawing. This method is also popular for pen and marker pen drawings.

Stippling:1. Stippling, or “pointillism”, is a common form of shading

used for ink drawings or pictures that do not require detailed shading.

2. Light dots are created on the area which requires shading and, much like cross-hatching, the dots are built upon, overlapped and made darker to indicate different shading tones.

3. The closer the dots are to each other, the darker the shading in that area.

4. Highlights can be formed from the spaces between the dots and variations in shading can be easily created by darker or larger dots in a shaded area.

Blending:1. Unlike hatching or cross-hatching, blending

does not leave patches or white areas within the shading, and is instead blended into the picture and other shading tones.

2. A small amount of pressure is applied to the pencil in blending to create a small layer of graphite (if a pencil is used), which is gradually built up by more smooth graphite layers.

3. To create a smoother effect, use the pencil on a right angle, not the tip.

Different Media for Drawing

• Graphite Pencil• Charcoal• Pen• Ink• Scratchboard

Media is the plural for Medium.

It refers to the materials that we use to create artworks.

New Vocabulary Words

• Value• Value Scale• Shading Technique• Hatching, crosshatching, stippling, and blending• Contrast• Highlight• Shadow• Mid-tones

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