Graphing Notes. Different Types of Graphs Tables, charts and graphs are convenient ways to clearly...
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Transcript of Graphing Notes. Different Types of Graphs Tables, charts and graphs are convenient ways to clearly...
Graphing Notes
Different Types of Graphs
Tables, charts and graphs are convenient ways to clearly show your data.
All Graphs must have proper labels!
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0
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Title
X Axis Label
Y Ax
is L
abel
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0
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Title
X Axis Label
Y Ax
is L
abel
All graphs must include all labels
• X axis is your Manipulated (independent) variable
• Y axis is your Responding (dependent) variable
Day Chocolate Strawberry WhiteMonday 53 78 126Tuesday 72 97 87Wednesday 112 73 86Thursday 33 78 143Friday 76 47 162
• The cafeteria wanted to collect data on how much milk was sold in 1 week.
• The table below shows the results. • We are going to take this data and display it in 2
different types of graphs.
There are three basic graph forms.
Notice how each of the following examples are used to illustrate the data.
Choose the best graph form to express your results.
Bar Graph• A bar graph is used to show relationships between groups.• The two items being compared do not need to affect each
other.• It's a fast way to show big differences. Notice how easy it is
to read a bar graph.
Chocolate Milk Sold
53
72
112
33
76
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
Day
Am
ount
Sol
d
Monday TuesdayWednesday ThursdayFriday
Line Graph• A line graph is used to show continuing data; how one thing
is affected by another. • It's clear to see how things are going by the rises and falls a
line graph shows.
Chocolate MI lk Sold
0
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120
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
Day
Am
ount
Sol
d
Chocolate
DRY MIXOr
ROTATE your DATA TABLE.
Scale notes for line graphs
• Choose the right scale for the axis– Must be consistent (same spacing)– Must include all data– Zero isn’t always data!– Choose increments that make it easy to read and
place numbers. If my data is .1 through .3 I don’t want to count by 10’s!
Chocolate MI lk Sold
0
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80
100
120
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
Day
Am
ount
Sol
d
Chocolate
Bar Graph Line Graph
The same data displayed in 2 different types of graphs.
Chocolate Milk Sold
53
72
112
33
76
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
Day
Am
ount
Sol
d
Monday TuesdayWednesday ThursdayFriday
On what day did they sell the most chocolate milk?
a. Tuesday b. Friday c. Wednesday
Chocolate Milk Sold
53
72
112
33
76
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
Day
Am
ount
Sol
d
Monday TuesdayWednesday ThursdayFriday
On what day did they sell the most chocolate milk?
a. Tuesday b. Friday c. Wednesday
Chocolate Milk Sold
53
72
112
33
76
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
Day
Am
ount
Sol
d
Monday TuesdayWednesday ThursdayFriday
Chocolate
0
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40
60
80
100
120
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
Day
Am
ount
Sol
d
Chocolate
On what day did they have a drop in chocolate milk sales?
a. Thursday b. Tuesday c. Monday
Chocolate
0
20
40
60
80
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120
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
Day
Am
ount
Sol
d
Chocolate
On what day did they have a drop in chocolate milk sales?
a. Thursday b. Tuesday c. Monday
Choosing the Right Graph
Use a bar graph if you are not looking for trends (or patterns) over time; and the items (or categories) are not parts of a whole.
• Use a pie chart if you need to compare different parts of a whole, there is no time involved and there are not too many items (or categories).
• Use a line graph if you need to see how a quantity has changed over time. Line graphs enable us to find trends (or patterns) over time.
To go from a data table to a graph
Dependent
Responding
Y - axis
Manipulated
Independent
X - axis
OR
Remember DRY MIX
Take your data table
Rotate it 90⁰ Left
And the bottom tells you the X label; the side, Y label
GraphX
Graph Y
What is correlation?
• Correlation is a statistical procedure that is used in a wide variety of settings
• Correlation is often used to express the relationship between two variables...
Age and height of childrenNumber of days students are absent and their level of achievementScores on two different student assessments, such as reading and
mathEarlier versus later scores, such as earlier and later performance in
writing
For instance, correlation might be used to express the relationship between…
What is correlation?
Direct Relationships (aka Direct Correlation, Positive Correlation, Positive Relationship)
When values on two variables tend to go in the same direction, we call this a direct relationship.
Draw the line
Direct Relationships (aka Direct Correlation, Positive Correlation, Positive Relationship)
The correlation between children’s ages and heights is a direct relationship.
That is, older children tend to be taller than younger children.
This is a direct relationship because children with higher ages tend to have higher heights.
Direct RelationshipThat is, older children
tend to be taller than younger children.
This is a direct relationship because children with higher ages tend to have higher heights.
To write this as a relationship, if X goes up, Y goes up.
Inverse Relationships (AKA Inverse Correlation, Negative Correlation, Negative Relation)
When values on two variables tend to go in opposite directions, we call this an inverse relationship.
Draw the line
Inverse Relationships (AKA Inverse Correlation, Negative Correlation, Negative Relation)
The correlation between students’ number of absences and level of achievement is an inverse relationship.
That is, students who are absent more often tend to have lower achievement.
This is an inverse relationship because children with higher numbers of absences tend to have lower achievement scores.
Inverse RelationshipThat is, students who are
absent more often tend to have lower achievement.
This is an inverse relationship because children with higher numbers of absences tend to have lower achievement scores.
To write this as a relationship, if X goes up, Y goes down (or vice-versa).
What kind of relationship?Direct Inverse
What kind of relationship?Direct Inverse
What kind of relationship?Direct Inverse
Effort vs. Grades
Effort
Gra
des
What kind of relationship?Direct Inverse
Effort vs. Grades
Effort
Gra
des
Is there a relationship?
Is there a relationship?
NO!
No Correlation:
• Data is in a random pattern.• There is no relationship or cause and effect
between variables.
Draw the dots