Graphing: Employing graphs to Record, Display, and Interpret Data using The Associative Learning...
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Transcript of Graphing: Employing graphs to Record, Display, and Interpret Data using The Associative Learning...
Graphing: Employing graphs to Record, Display, and Interpret Data using
The Associative Learning Module
Presenters:
Yolanda Cox & Christie OrloskyCelest 2007
Suggested Instructions
• Pre-assessment: word sort
• Revised powerpoint
• Computer exercise
• Catch the Ruler experiment
• Upper level classes continue with powerpoint
• Post-assessment: quiz
Word SortAssociativeLearning
CategoricalLearning
OperantConditioning
ClassicalConditioning
Learning associations between objects
Learning that a certain object belongs to a
particular group
Learning that, in a particular situation, a
certain behavior leads to a certain outcome
B. F. SkinnerStimulusCategory
Defined by a number of features
(i.e. cat = fur, vertebrate, warm-blooded)
Designed experiment box to study operant
conditioning
Behaviorism
Frequency of a behavior is influenced by the presence
or absence of a rewarding/punishing
event
An object or event that you sense
Ivan Pavlov
Developed experiment with salivating dogs
UnconditionedStimulus
(US)
A stimulus that naturally evokes a response or
reflex
ConditionedStimulus
(CS)
A stimulus that does not naturally evoke a response, but can acquire the ability to elicit the response
CATEGORICAL LEARNINGA category is defined by a number of features. An object belongs to a category only if it has certain defining features.
This object…
… is a cat!
Through categorical learning, the brain creates appropriate categories and can decide to which category belongs a certain object.
PAVLOV’S EXPERIMENT
A QUESTION OF ETHICSIn 1920, little Albert, an eleventh month old orphan, learned to
fear a rabbit.
Unconditional stimulus: loud noise. The noise is so loud that it causes a fear response.
Conditional stimulus: little rabbit. The rabbit originally doesn’t cause a fear response.
and
But if you present simultaneously
many times, then
Initially, the soundcauses fear…
But not the rabbit
… the rabbit also causes fear!
Catch the Ruler experiment
Brain
grasping action Motor command to catch ruler
What should I do ?
Arm
Eye
Visual center
visual information
about falling ruler
RULER + FALLI NG =
distance traveled
ruler
Biggles’ guide to… ‘Catch the ruler!’
1 2
3
4
5
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7 8
Associative center
Suggested Revisions of Celest Software
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3rd Qtr 4th Qtr
• Change total number of trials from 18 to 20 (add 2 more trials to beginning)
• Place all three types of graphs on one page to make comparisons