graphic design

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Graphic Design: A Medium for the Masses Areas for consideration … The origins of Graphic Design Graphic Design in relation to Fine Art Graphic Design in relation to Advertising Graphic Design as a tool of Capitalism Graphic Design as a Political tool Graphic Design and Postmodernism Graphic Design and Social Conscience Bison and Horses, c. 15,000 10,000BC, Cave painting, Lascaux, France Giotto di Bondone, Betrayal, c. 1305, Fresco, Arena Chapel, Padua, Italy

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graphic design

Transcript of graphic design

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Graphic  Design:  A  Medium  for  the  Masses

Areas  for  consideration  …• The  origins  of  Graphic  Design• Graphic  Design  in  relation  to  Fine  Art• Graphic  Design  in  relation  to  Advertising• Graphic  Design  as  a  tool  of  Capitalism• Graphic  Design  as  a  Political  tool• Graphic  Design  and  Postmodernism• Graphic  Design  and  Social  Conscience

Bison  and  Horses,  c.  15,000  -­‐  10,000BC,  Cave  painting,  Lascaux,  France

Giotto  di  Bondone,  Betrayal,  c.  1305,  Fresco,  Arena  Chapel,  Padua,  Italy

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John  Everett  Millais,  Bubbles,  1886,  Pears  Soap  advertisement

Introduction  of  the  term  ‘Graphic  Design’:1922,  William  Addison  Dwiggins  (successful  designer):‘In  the  matter  of  layout  forget  art  at  the  start  and  use  horse-­‐sense.    The  printing-­‐designer’s  whole  duty  is  to  make  a  clear  presentation  of  the  message  -­‐  to  get  the  important  statements  forward  and  the  minor  parts  placed  so  that  they  will  not  be  overlooked.    This  calls  for  an  exercise  of  common  sense  and  a  faculty  for  analysis  rather  than  for  art’.

Herbert  Spencer:  ‘Mechanized  art’Max  Bill  and  Josef  Muller-­‐Brockman:  ‘Visual  Communication’Richard  Hollis:  ‘Graphic  Design  is  the  business  of  making  or  choosing  marks  and  arranging  them  on  a  surface  to  convey  an  idea’Paul  Rand:  ‘…  graphic  design,  in  the  end,  deals  with  thespectator,  and  because  it  is  the  goal  of  the  designer  to  be  

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persuasive  or  at  least  informative,  it  follows  that  the  designer’s  problems  are  twofold:  to  anticipate  the  spectator’s  reactions  and  to  meet  his  own  aesthetic  needs’.

‘Whatever  the  information  transmitted,  it  must,ethically  and  culturally,  reTlect  its  responsibilityto  society’.Josef  Muller-­‐Brockman

Edouard  Manet  (1832  -­‐  83),  A  Bar  at  the  Folies  Bergeres,  1882

Henri  de  Toulouse-­‐Lautrec,  Aristide  Bruant,  1893,  poster

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Henri  de  Toulouse-­‐Lautrec,  La  Goulue,  1890s,  poster

Alphonse  Mucha,  Job,  c.  1898,  poster  for  cigarette  papers

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Charles  Rennie  Mackintosh,  Scottish  Musical  Review,  1896,  poster

Koloman  Moser,  13th  Secession  Exhibition,  1902,  poster

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Peter  Behrens,  AEG,  1910

Savile  Lumley,  Daddy,  what  did  YOU  do  in  the  Great  War?,  c.  1915,  poster

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Alfred  Leete,  Britons  [Kitchener]  wants  you!,  1914,  poster

James  Montgomery  Flagg,  I  want  you  for  U.S.  army,  1917,  poster

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Julius  Gipkens,  Trophies  of  the  Air  War,  1917,  poster

Wassily  Kandinsky  (1886  -­‐  1944),  Composition  VIII,  1923

El  Lissitzky,  Beat  the  Whites  with  the  Red  Wedge,  c.1919,  poster

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F.H.  Stingemore  (UK),  London  Underground  Map,  1931  –  2

Henry  C.  (Harry)  Beck  (UK),  London  Underground  Map,  1933

After  Harry  Beck,  London  Underground  Map

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Simon  Patterson  (1967  -­‐  ),  The  Great  Bear,  1992,  lithograph  on  paper

Simon  Patterson  (1967  -­‐  ),  The  Great  Bear,  1992,  lithograph  on  paper

Oskar  Schlemmer  (German),  Bauhaus  logo,  1922

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Laszlo  Moholy-­‐Nagy  (Russian),  Painting  Photography  Film,  1925,  book  cover

Herbert  Bayer  (German),  Kandinsky  60th  Birthday  exhibition,  1926,  poster

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Piet  Zwart  (Dutch),  Het  boek  van  PTT,  1938  (Dutch  telephone  service  book)

Herbert  Matter  (Swiss),  Swiss  Tourist  Board,  c.  1932  -­‐  34,  posters

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A.M.  Cassandre  (French),  L’Intransigeant,  1925,  newspaper  poster

A.M.  Cassandre  (French),  Etoile  du  Nord,  1927,  poster

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Tom  Purvis  (UK),  LNER,  1937,  poster

Ludwig  Hohlwein  (German),  Reichs  Sports  Day  for  the  Association  of  German  Girls  ,  1934,  poster

Ludwig  Vierthaler  (German),  Degenerate  Art,  1936,  exhibition  poster

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Hans  Schleger  (German,  working  in  UK),  Eat  Greens  for  Health,  1942,  poster

Josep  Renau  (Spanish),  Industry  of  War,  1936

Josep  Renau  (Spanish),  Stalingrad:  The  New  Star  of  Freedom,  1942

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Pere  Catala  i  Pic  (Spanish),  Let’s  Squash  Fascism,  1936

V.  Deni  &  N.  Dolgorukov  (Russian),  Our  Army  and  Our  Country  are  strengthened  with  the  Spirit  of  Stalin!,  1939

G.  Klucis  (Russian),  In  the  Storm  of  the  Third  Year  of  the  Five  Year  Plan,  1930

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G.  Klucis  (Russian),  Long  Live  the  USSR  –  Fatherland  of  Workers  of  the  World,  1931

Abram  Games,  catalogue  for  ‘Exhibition  of  Science’,  Festival  of  Britain,  1951

Paul  Rand,  advert  for  Jacqueline  Cochran,  1946

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Helmut  Krone  for  Doyle  Dane  Berbach,    Think  Small,  advert  for  Volkswagen,  1959

Saul  Bass,  poster  for  The  Man  with  the  Golden  Arm,  1955

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Saul  Bass,  poster  for  Alfred  Hitchcock’s  Vertigo,  1958

Saul  Bass,  title  graphics  for  Anatomy  of  a  Murder,  1959

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Paul  Rand,  logo  for  American  Broadcasting  Company,  1962

Paul  Rand,  poster  for  IBM,  1970

‘We  have  been  bombarded  with  publications  devoted  to  this  belief,  applauding  the  work  of  those  who  have  Ulogged  their  skill  and  imagination  to  sell  such  things  as:  cat  food,  stomach  powders,  detergent,  hair  restorer,  striped  toothpaste,  aftershave  lotion,  beforeshave  lotion,  slimming  diets,  fattening  diets,  deodorants,  Uizzy  water,  cigarettes,  roll-­‐ons,  pull-­‐ons  and  slip-­‐ons  …Ken  Garland,  First  Things  First  Manifesto,  1964

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F.H.K.  Henrion,  Stop  Nuclear  Suicide  poster,  1960

Seymour  Chwast/Push  Pin  Studio,  End  Bad  Breath  poster,  1968

Art  Workers  Coalition,  Q.  And  Babies?    A.  And  Babies,  1970

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Hipgnosis,  10CC,  Deceptive  Bends  sleeve  design,  1977

Jamie  Reid,  Sex  Pistols,  Never  Mind  the  Bollocks  …  sleeve  design,  1977

Peter  Saville,  FAC  001,  The  Factory  Club  Night  poster

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Peter  Saville,  New  Order,  Blue  Monday,  sleeve  design,  1983

Neville  Brody,  The  Face  magazine  covers,  1980s

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David  Carson,  Ray  Gun,  double  page  spread

David  Carson,  Don’t  mistake  legibility  for  communication

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Public  Image  Limited,  album,  sleeve  design,  1986

Public  Image  Limited,  compact  disc,  cd  packaging,  1986

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Peter  Blake,  Band  Aid,  Do  they  Know  its  Christmas?,  1984

Chumbawamba,  Pictures  of  Starving  Children  Sell  Records,  1986

Designers  Republic,  Pop  Will  Eat  Itself,  Ich  bin  ein  auslander,  sleeve  design,  1994

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Julian  House  (for  Intro),  Primal  Scream,  Xtrmntr,  sleeve  design,  2000

Mark  Farrow  (Farrow  Design),  Spiritualized,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  we  are  Tloating  in  space,  CD  packaging,  1997

Mark  Farrow  (Farrow  Design),  Spiritualized,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  we  are  Tloating  in  space,  limited  edition  CD  packaging  1997

The  Coup,  Party  Music,  withdrawn  CD  cover,  2001

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Time  Magazine,  cover,  September  14th  2001

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‘Evidence  of  designer  concern  is  found  in  the  form  of  well-­‐meaning  but  woefully  masturbatory  poster  exhibitions  and  portfolios  organized  on  general  humanistic  themes  such  as  peace,  human  rights  and  the  environment’Steven  Heller,  1991

Jonathan  Barnbrook,  Bastard  typeface,  1990

Jonathan  Barnbrook,  Olympukes

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Oliviero  Toscani,  Benetton  adverts  1990  -­‐  1992

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Oliviero  Toscani,  United  Colors  of  Benetton  advert  1990

Reworked  billboard  ad  by  Saatchi  &  Someone,  (original  text  United  Colors  of  Benetton),  1990  -­‐  91

Barbara  Kruger,  I  shop  therefore  I  am,  1987  

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Barbara  Kruger/Selfridges,  I  shop  therefore  I  am,  2006

Barbara  Kruger/Selfridges,  Buy  Me.    I’ll  change  your  life/  You  want  it  You  buy  it  You  forget  it,  2006  

‘For  the  last  decade,  as  a  profession,  graphic  designers  have  been  eithershamefully  remiss  or  inexcusably  ineffective  about  plying  their  craft  for  social  or  political  betterment’Steven  Heller,  1991

‘Once  we’ve  acknowledged  that  designers  have  certain  inherent  limitations  as  message  bearers,  the  question  which  must  be  asked  is:  “Can  graphic  designers  actually  do  something  to  change  the  world?”’Steven  Heller,  1991

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‘The  answer  is  “yes”,  if  one  disregards  the  fact  that  there  are  very  limited  outlets  for  this  kind  of  work,  and  accepts  the  fact  that  being  socially  responsible  means  taking  the  initiative  oneself,  dealing  rationally  with  issues,  and  having  a  commitment  to  a  speciUic  cause’Steven  Heller,  1991

Judy  Blame,  Keep  Britain  Tidy  t  shirt,  1992

Adbusters‘We  are  a  global  network  of  culture  jammers  and  creatives  working  to  change  the  way  information  Ulows,  the  way  corporations  wield  power,  and  the  

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way  meaning  is  produced  in  our  society.’

Final  thoughts

• Graphic  Design  is  a  relatively  young  discipline• Links  between  Graphic  Design  and  different  disciplines,  e.g.  Fine  Art,  

Advertising  are  arguably  becoming  increasingly  blurred• Although  born  out  of  consumerist/capitalist  interests,  Graphic  Design  is  

arguably  becoming  increasingly  concerned  with  social  issues