Black in colour Bright in Nature

ByB.Gopal

05-08-4124L

GRAPHENE

IntroductionHistory and experimental Discovery

Preparative methodsApplicationsAdvantages and LimitationsReferenceQueries

Out line

“It is the thinnest known material in the universe, and the strongest ever measured,” wrote University of Manchester physicist Andre Geim.

Graphene is a one-atom-thick planar sheet.

The carbon-carbon bond length in graphene is about 0.142 nm.

3million Graphene sheets would be only one millimeter thick of Graphite.

Introduction

The term graphene first appeared in 1987 to describe single sheets of graphite.

Theory of graphene was first explored by Philip R Wallace in 1947 as a starting point for understanding the electronic properties of more complex, 3D graphite.

Andre Geim and Kostya Novoselov  at Manchester University managed to extract single-atom-thick crystallites (graphene) from bulk graphite in 2004.

History

In 2004, the Russian researchers obtained graphene by mechanical exfoliation of graphite.

The researchers simplified the technique and started using dry deposition.

There were a number of previous attempts to make atomically thin graphitic films vary by using exfoliation techniques.

Preparative methods

Yet another method of obtaining graphene is to heat silicon carbide to high temperatures (>1100 °C) to reduce it to graphene.

Epitaxial graphene on silicon carbide can be patterned using standard microelectronics methods.

Many important graphene properties have been identified in graphene produced by this method. For example, the electronic band-structure (so-called Dirac cone structure) has been first visualized in this material. 

Epitaxial growth on silicon carbide

Touch screens Solar cells Energy-storage devicesCell phonesHigh-sped computer chipsNano Tubes and RibbonsUltra capacitors

Applications

Very small in sizeHighly flexibleCan be used as 1D,2Dand 3D Very high conductivitySuper conductor at room temperature .,etcComparatively very few disadvantages

Advantages & Disadvantages

 H. P. Boehm, R. Setton, E. Stumpp (1994). "Nomenclature and terminology of graphite intercalation compounds". Pure and Applied Chemistry 

 H. C. Schniepp, J.-L. Li, M. J. McAllister, H. Sai, M. Herrera-Alonso, D. H. Adamson, R. K. Prud’homme, R. Car, D. A. Saville, I. A. Aksay (2006). "Functionalized Single Graphene Sheets Derived from Splitting Graphite Oxide". The Journal of Physical Chemistry

P. Boehm, A. Clauss, G. O. Fischer, U. Hofmann (1962). "Das Adsorptionsverhalten sehr dünner Kohlenstoffolien". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie

www.wikipedia.org/graphene

Reference

Quaries?

Thank you...