GRAND GROVE OF DRUIDS TO NATIVE SONS THE RECEIVE...
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Crane Got One Year.. Peter Morgan Ashley Crar.e was sen- tenced, yesterday by United . States Dis- trict Judge de Haven to one years Im- prifor.ment.in the San Quentin peneten- j tiary and $103 fine. Crsr.e pleaded guiltyi of having impersonated his brother, tirniin Crane: -and' of -bavins' falsely, sworn to n ; c'.ulin for an original Civil )Var pension. Twenty-Four Years Insane. Suit has been brought by the N'apa In- sane Asylum 'against the estate of Eliza- beth LJcpenfeld for S4305. The woman was declared insane by the Superior Court in 1S7G, and for twenty-three years an3 eleven months she had been confined in the asylum. She died recently and the treasurer of the asylum brought suit against Henry Leasen. her guardian and trustee of her estate, to -recover . y rt amount equal fo.$J5 a month for.the t'rri'? she was under , detention. Assessor and Tax Collector Cited. An order to show cause why they should not be punished for contempt of court was issued yesterday against Washington Dodge. Assessor, and Joseph ll. Scott. Tax Collector, by United States Circuit Judge Morrow, returnable at ll o'clock next Monday morning. The order alleges that the respondents violated the restrain- ing order of the court by attempting to Bell the stock of the shareholders of the Nevada National Hank of San Francisco for the purpose of enforcing the collection and payment of the tax upon the shares of the capital stock of the bank. SMUGGLED GOODS ON THE TRANSPORT GRANT Customs Searchers Seized Thres Thou- , sand Cigars and Valuable Silks £ nd Laces. Customs searchers seized yesterday upon the transport Grant about 3000 Ma- nila cigars and several packages of silks and laces which members cf the crew arid others wer* attempting to smuggle ashore. The articles were hidden In the most out-of-the-way" places all over the steamer and In the risglng. Quartermaster Baker has had trouble with the customs officials before. On the «a«** occasion he was reprimanded by hl3 superiors for refusing to stop the vesspl to allow the customs officers on beard. The search of the vessel ts still proceed- ing and the searcher* are doing their work "con amore." Tltey.say that Quar- termaster Baker will be welcome to all the smuggled stuff that they fail to tind. The San Francisco Commercial Trav- elers' Association will hold their fourth annual outing and picnic at Camp Taylor on Saturday. June IS. Many valuable gat« apd game prizes will be awarded. The committee of arrangements consists of Emmet Dunn. II. H. Becker. W. T. Rar>- cel. Charles E. Tarront. C. E. Torres. B. Fredericks. Nick Marised. H. Heinz and J. Blanton. Drummers to Picnic The Divorce Court Divorce suits have been fil«Mi as fol- lows: Mary E. Collier against Resinali W. Collier for failure tn provide: Llllia HIrshfeld against Walter Hirshfeid for cruelty. Divorces have been ernnted as follows: Mary Earl from Albert Edwar-1 Earl, for neglect: custody of minor child awarded to plaintiff. Camtle V. Silv.i from Jose M. Silva. desertion: custody of minor child and $25 a month alimony awarded to plaintiff. Matilda Edith Dunp© from Thomas Henry Dunne, failure to provide; plaintiff allowed tr> resume her maiden name. Mati.de Edith Pursley. Edith Hodges from Walter Hodges, net- lect and desertion; custody of minor child, $23 a month alimony and $40 counsel fees awarded plaintiff. . STATE DISCUSSION OF LINCOLN MONUMENT PLAN Mass Sleeting Will Convene to Con- sider "Ways and Means of Se- curing Money. v At a meeting of the Lincoln Monument League, held on Wednesday, final ar- rangements were made for the State con- vention to be held in the Academy of Sciences Hall on Saturday afternoon and evening, June 16. Judge M. Cooney occu- pied the chair. The object of the league is to erect a suitable monument to the memory of Lin- coln, and t»e convention is to be held to awaken public attention to the organiza- tion's plan. The meeting will be a repre- sentative affair, and many prominent citizens have promised to be on hand to help the league's efforts to perpetuate the martyr President's memory in this city. The league is confident that Its plans will meet with the hearty co-operation of t».e entire State. Invitations have been sent broadcast, calling on those addressed to attend the convention as honorary members of the league. The first session of the convention is to be called to order at 2 p. m. and will be followed at S o'clock by an evening session. ANOTHER VICTIM OF OFFICIAL NEGLIGENCE Attorney Mitchell Pays Taxes to ex- Collector She«han, but Proper , Credit Not Given. Attorney Robert B. Mitchell Is the lat- est victim of the negligence of former Tax Collector Sheehan's deputies to post properly payments of taxes on real estate. Mitchell visited Tax Collector Scott yes- terday and informed him that he had been declared delinquent on the second Installment of taxes on a certain piece of property, amounting to J38 55. He had previously ascertained in the Auditor's offlce that the proper credit had been riven 'to the first Installment of *3S w>. but that the second had not been marked paid. He exhibited a check, however, calling for $110 52. which he had remitted on November 14. ISM. to Sheehan and which was indorsed by the latter in pay- ment of the total amount of taxes on three pieces of property—*14 68. J13 .4 and $77 10, the latter amount being for two installments of $33 55 each. Scott In- formed Mitchell that he would have to look to the Board of Supervisors for re- lief, as only the first installment was credited on the cash-books and his bill also called for one installment of $38 &> visited the Auditor yesterday and tendered the sum of J176 to pay for apparent shortages on his books, hut he was referred to the Auditor's attorney?. Lloyd&Wood, for a settlement of the dis- puted points. ST. PETER'S GRADUATES. Father Yorke Delivered Address on Catholic Education. The commencement exercises of St. Peter's Academy were held last night. Three young lady graduates were present- ed with diplomas by Rev. Father Peter C. Yorke. Following are tfae names of those who took part in the programme: Ida Burke, i Gertie Guthrle, Mary Mclntyre. Katie Clarke, Masrie Dillon, Nellie Dillon, I. Fopplano. L. Farrell, K. Walsh, E. Tyrrell. Sadie McLaughlln, Agnes Fitzgerald. Margaret Roche, Mary Cooney, May Barry, Ella Barry. Alice Cooney, Mary Haley. Agnes O'Connell. Katherine Welch. Teresa O'Connor, W. Fitz- gerald. J. Kennedy, H. Broderlck. G. Webb, M. Glrot. L. Owen, V. Kennedy. M. Bennett. Walter J. O'Brien, Frank J. MacKinnon, Fred McCarthy. Frank Merrill. A. Mllly, M. Bare- Wfs. M. Clarke, Masters W. O'Brien. J. O'Brien and K. Cannon. L. Milly. J. Welch, May Keefe, J. Whelan. A. Keefe. G. Collum. A. Whelan, A. rtae. M. Keenan, L. Farrell. A. Guthrle, H. Jones. E. Cannon. On the conclusion of the programme Father Yorke presented diplomas to Mary I. Cooney. Sadie A. McLaughlln and Mar- caret M. Roche. He thanked the persons present in the name of the Sisters of the > cariemy for their attendance and the W »ral manner In which they responded t* 'h«» needs of the parish school. Branch- i$2 out into the advantages of giving chil- ;>.-n a good religious education, he com- pared the schools conducted by the Sisters with those of a secular character: holding that no education can be of the right kind if the religious training be omitted. To the parents alone and not to the State should the right of educating the child be entrusted, he said. Catholic schools belonged to the common people who built them. Father Yorke admitted that it pleased him to know that the presidents of the two great universities of California ad- mitted that education In the Catholic col- leges was just as> good as that given In their colleges. Speaking of Palo Alto, he said, in part, that it was simply a private institution backed by millions of dollars, with vineyards in every county in the State to contribute to its support. This he eomnared with Catholic colleges hav- ing nothing but the generous offerings of those who believed in supporting such in- stitutions for the good that came from them: for without religion, no education would make good citizens, he said. The speaker dwelt at some length on the proposed amendment to the consti- tution havinc for its obiect the exempt- ing of Stanford's University from taxa- tion. This he opposed lwcause it was dis- criminating in favor of the rich as against the poor colleges. Hongrclse No. 6" (Liszt), Miss Sweeney; selec- tion, orchestra: "The Gypsy Queen," operetta (Hanson)— Queen of the Gypsies (later Queen of the Fairies). M1«r Canepa: Rosalie (Moun- tain Queen), Miss Margaret Anthony; gypsies, fairies, peasant?. Scholastic honors— Address to the graduates. Very Rev. P. J. Cummtna; farewell, chorus; selection, orchestra. HEARST SCHOOL GRADUATES. Bridge and Denman Medals and Di- ploxnas for Ninth Grade Pupils. There was a distribution of medals and diplomas at Hearst Grammar School yes- terday. The Bridge medal was awarded to Charles Hwyck and the Denman medal to Helen Mangel and Vere Chamberlain. The following pupils were recommended Lulu Hall, honorary; Greta Venton.- Lillian Thorson, Sophia Verkouteren. Florence Cloak, May Cashman. Florence Hanly. Those promoted by examinations were: Eva Crowley. Ethel Falnveather. Alice Fll- mer. Edgar Gorham, Bessie Herrlck. Lilian Hurney, Eva Mason, Dora Smith. RECITATIONS AND SONGS. Cosmopolitan School. Closing Exercises of Graduates of Graduating exercises of the ninth grsii* of the Adams Cosmopolitan Grammar School were held yesterday and the fol- lowing programme was presented: The "Flower Song-." class: German recita- tion. Alma Barth; violin solo. Babette Cline: French recitation. Z."ta Fahey. Claire Rrcwn- stone, Gertrude Pollack: cornet polo. Louise Levy; essay. "A Winter In Florida," Dixie Osborn; class song, "The Sailor's Wife"; club swinging. Harry Schreiber; recitation. "Water- million," Minnie Levlson; piano solo. Sophie Harris: essay. "A Visit to a Gold Mine," lien Nordman; piano duet, Alice Kortjohn. Adelle Heeder; class song, "The River Song" and "America." come. There was a pplendld impromptu programme, after which Principal Silas A. White awarded the diplomas and medals. Mrs. Taylor, the class teacher, pinned the medals on the breasts of the fortunate pupils. The following graduates received diplo- mas: Mary E. Albert!, Addle E. Buker. Kina VT. Boyle. Lillian M. Craig. Etta M Canty, Ethel W Cayot. Florence E. Collins. Nellie u. Flan- agan Litlie P. Hansell. Stella F. Hencke. Liz- zie M Hubbard. Nelita M. Kruger, Rose Mc- DonouVh. Louise M. Patris. Ida Phllpott. Annie riawllnson. Marie O. Strohun. Antoinette Tay- lor Bertha Van Wie. Edna C. Vennekohl. Henrietta Velller. Gretta Waterman. Percy Cecil. Robert Dunlop. Arthur Dejune. J. Archie Johnston. William luring. Herbert Manners, Leslie Stadfeld, Herman Westefeld. Ix>utea Patris and Edna Vennekohl were awarded Denman medals. Percy Cecil received the Bridge medal and Mary Albert!. Stella Hencke and Herbert Man- ners each received one of the handsome medals awarded by Silas White, the prin- cipal of the school. \;, : . ,,_ On Saturday the graduates will be the guests of Principal White at an afternoon reception, between the hours of 2 and 4. at his residence on Union street. The programme for the afternoon was as fol- lows : Musl<\ Antoinette Taylor; ring. "Freedom Forover." elas*: recitation. "Wishing." Xellta. Kruger: ensay "Class of 1900," Henriette Vell- ler: recitation. "So Wag I." William I»->rinir, eor.g. "Drifting." claw; recitation. "When the Minister Comes to Tea," M. Strohlln; piano polo. Nellta Kruger: dialogue, Ethel Cayot, Arthur Dejune. Arthur Johnston; violin solo. Pe'cy Aul; reading. Rose McDonough; recita- tion. "The Church Fair," Ha Phllnctt; *on«r. '•Guardian Angel." class: 'The Recessional," rlasr: presentation of medals; '.'Salute the Flag," class; "Parting Song." Closing' Ex-rcises of St.' Vincent CONVENT GIBLS GRADUATE. School at Alcazar. The Ftage of the Alcazar Theater was crowded yesterday afternoon with sweet girl graduates and pupils of the lower grades of St. .Vincent's School, who took part in some of the most elaborate clos- ing exercises ever participated in by school children. A feature of the exer- cises was the awarding of diplomas to the graduates, the MiFses Mary Fitzgerald, Cordelia Burns. Delia Ahem. Lillian Ho- gan. Mary Reilly and Mary Regan. Miss Sweeney "and Miss Mary Rownen wer<» awarded the gold medals for special qual- ifications In music. The programme in full was as follows: Overture, orchestra: "O Quam. Dilecta," nacred chorus; trio. '"Tulip" (Llchner). Misses Murray, Woods. McCarthy, Kutcher. Dauch- ney Rr«n. O'Connor. Hurley. Rowan: "Klss- lns Papa Through the Telephone" (Minims): recitation, senior*; chorus, "Klng'8 Laughter," "Our Little Men"; trio, caprice (Mueller), Misses Anthony. Farrell. Hagerty, Purvis. Dil- lon, Woods. Mullen, Kingston, O'Connell; ¦'Remember Me to All at Home." boys* chorus; duet 'Tarantelle" (Heller), Misses Sullivan, Ferrare Kirk. Donegan. Ewlng. Farrell; reci- tation Juniors: duet, "Spanish Dances" (Mos- kowsky). Misses Pun-Is. Sweeney, Sheen- Rea- ran. Sullivan, Anthony: <a) "Keenan's Cnarjre "' <b) "Tenting on the Old Camp Ground," "Our Beys Ja Blue"; "lihapeodie Paul Strickert Will Secure a Licensa to Wed Martha Rachpauer, Who Sued Him for 550,000. Paul Strickert. who was recently sued by Martha Rachpauer for 550.0OD damages for breach of promise, visited "Cupid" Danforth yesterday and asked for a mar- riage license to wed the fair plaintiff In the case. The suit is pending in Judge Daingerfleld's court, and Strickert will now put an end to the litigation, which might result in financial loss to himself. Miss Rachpauer alleged in her complaint that ritrlckert had promised to marry her within four months, and she had remained single with that expectation. Strickert filed an answer in which he denied that he had promised to marry the lady in four months' time, but said he was ready and willing to marry her at some later date. He aiso filed a written release of all claims of varied character signed by Miss Rachpauer. Stiickert informed Danforth that he had made up his mind to marry Miss Kach- pauer, but that her lawyers had advised her to refuse his offer because she owed him some fees. He desired to know whether he could be held responsible for debts contracted by the lady before his marriage to her, and on being informed that he could not the license was made out. Just before passing the paper to Strick- ert Danforth asked him if he was going to be married in this city, and the pros- pective groom replied that he was going to Oakland to have the knot tied. Dan- forth Informed him that the license was only good in this city and county, but Strickert said that he wanted to be mar- ried by an old clergyman friend In Oak- land, and he left to secure the license in that city. BREACH OF PROMISE SUIT TO END HAPPILY Cypress, SI— J. E. Jacobson, G. T. Smith A M. Bianchl. E. P. Hanson. Morvin. 62—Geoixe W. Lovie. James Stafford. Mount T.imalpals. ;s—Jowph Albert!, T. P. Boyil. W. F. Magee. A. Kapperman, W. F. Donsbetty. C. B. Shaver. Mcrton. 62— J. Fallan-Iy. F. Clavlri. Hayward. 6»—«\ B. Harman. H. G. Alberts. Guerneville, C?—G. W. Heason. Ole Hansen. A. Pocat. V. Guoianich. H. Miller. J. L. Lowe, J. G. Pienlnsr. J. W. Banks. Solano. 72—J. F. Maganinl, H. A. Miller. Judge A. J. Buckle?. H. O. Brooks. Columbus. 74— A. Vatoni. Sonoma, 75—E. Erald*. S. Culcl, A. G. Bu- lottl. Garden. 7*— X. E. Wretman, J. P. Bengtson, O. A. Oberg. J. Gustafson. William Tell. 77— James Acrustapaee, Glo- the future. The grand officers are: Frank Lewis, junior past noble grand arch; James F. Martinoni, noble grand arch: Henry Lange. deputy noble grand arch; John M. Graves, grand secretary; E. H. Goetze. grand treasurer; J. S, Go- deau, grand guardian; J. Nickels, Henry A, Chase and Anton Ewald, grand trus-> * tees. The reports that will be presented will show that during the administration of Noble Grand Arch J. F. Martinoni. a wcl!- known merchant of this city, and who has devoted a great deal or his time and at- tention to advancing the order, there has been a remarkable gain In membership and finance. The net gain In membership during that period has been in excess of 1100. Eight new groves were established by Institution, one was revived and not one was either suspended or surrendered its charter. The numerical strength of the order was at the time of holding the previous session in Placerville 5061. Now it Is in excess of 6160. distributed in sev- enty-nine gToves, of which sixteen are in this city. The groves work in the Eng- lish. Italian, German and French lan- guages. The followingnamed are the representa- tives to the Grand Grove from the sub- ordinate groves: California Grove Ka 1— M. Mayed, Charles Jordan. San Francisco, 3— Charles Lesler, John Schmidt. Eureka, 4—Tobias Hook. L. Fabey. Xorma. I — C. C. O'Donnell. J. W. Goetz* 1 . WalhaJla. 6— J. Lewis. S. Paska, Henry Mayed. Marro Zarich. Tony Zetz. Slgel, T—V.'llliam Waguer. Charles Herbert. William Dimmer. San Joaiuin. &—G. Mengel, G. Schmidt, G. Wolf. F. Stoetzer. Perseverance. 10—J. Michel. A. Goustiana. P. Camees, P. Borel. L. Chassagne, M. Hupfer, A. Laorle. J. Letroadec. Hesperian 15—John Hutton, F. J. Horn, A. W. Martin, D. Vlllalon. Laurel. 17—J. Hagan, L. J. Peri, Henry A. Chase, C. Antonioli. L. A. Wolff. Templar. 1*— C. E. Carltcn. A. Anderson. H. Mentzer N. A. Cfcristeneen, A. L. Anderson. . Madrona. 21—T. R. "Walti, Carl Beck, M. Va- cozza. San Joee. 23—A. M. Gubottl. F. Hartln*. Oakland. 24—Thotnaa Lir.ton, T. J. Brady, Charles Achard. Modesto. 34 — R. A. Sorenson. John Kand. 11. Christ, G. R. Graves, Aurust Simon. John J. Porter. El Dorado, 35— Engeni Piapsl. P. Vorazza. Merced. ?«— M. M. Vincent. L. Wegner. GaJlleo. £7— A. Arnaboldi. G. Gallo, G. Iac- chere. C. A. Ma&iptra, A. Aloir.o. J. F. Rosri. G B. Cordano. L. Canepa, G. Leopori, G. Mus- so. P G. Medinarl. S. Bollaro. G. Iscardo. ' Petaluma, 38— M. L. Feddeson. H. Dillraaar!, M. Dillmann. H. Sudy. Olema. 35— Joseph Cavalli. Frank Seray, J. Bullattl. , St. Helena, 41—A. Fornl. M. P. Garner, J. G. Johnson. S. McCurdy, H. Sang-er. Xicai-io. A2—Paul Sonog^lnl. Vaseo da Gama— F. J. Cunha, F. M. Ramos, F. D. Rodrirues. J. C. Fernandas. Mayfleld. 45—D. D. Tilrnon, C. Drucker, John Lundrtrom. Santa Rosa. 47—H. Grams, O. H. Hoar. Mission. ST — Fred Rust. J. N. Johnson. Volta. SS—I* P. Costa. G. Raggl, G. Baldls- pone, A. Ccrta. J. L,. Valente. Liverrrore. 8>—Fred "Malley. OeorK* Black. Cayurc?, 90— A. C.ir.evasanl, M. Pelucca. Washington. 91 — Joseyfi La Point \V C Hodges. C. V. Rowel!. Aifertcus. P3 — P. Ferrari. B. Laloi. S. Fregosf I Frederick Seig, 94—U G. Morel!!, A. Fran- clschl. Rome. 95—A. Pezzolo. G. Peizolo. F. Pezzolo, C. CHvio. D Zunlno. G. Cordano. Macnolla. ST—J. B. Franklin. C. J. Schmidt. Concordia. PS—C. Allegretti. G. Mazzei, A. Rossi J. Gallo. Far Wort. »-W. M. Michell. M. Muller. Guadalupe. 100—M. F. Lima, M. D. Sanche«. Salinas. 1C1— F. Schroder. Ottavio. 103— S. Gori. R. Vanucchl. Golden Star. 1<M—D. Ganlcvlch. F. Roux. P. J. Mcleiesanl. F. Harrison. P. C. Mullaslove, A. Frar.cn'lch. Manzanita. 1C«—R. C. Kelly. W. H. Thorn- ley. \V. Dollen. tt\ D. V.il^ox. it, J. Enos. P. SontaK. F. Marslnl, \V. Z. Pea*. Aurora. 107—C, Guslielnionl. O. Fortunl.il. I Bianchl. H. X, Torello. L. Valangiacomo, P. I Barrtll. Alplnt. 10S— J. A. Dtveto, G. Baffiso. D.! Cerejthlno A. Avar.zlno. O. Palial^a. L. Fionc. J GuUerrl Verii. 10?—V. Angell, M. Pozzi, G. j .GaRliardo. J. Lenlcicr.l. Giordano Bruno — L.. iiajplo. Bacram.er.to, i:J— A Lazzarl, V. Marianl, B. I Pellegrini. A. Capnlccl. N'ovato. 113—E. R. Samuels. C. C. William?. i Jackson, ill— A. Campanella. E. V. l.tni/a,. Fraternity 115— G. E. Caldv.ell, K. Besmer. ' OIi\<\ 116—J. Mcssi. Fort ana. 117—J. Larermarslno. Mark Bellcnl. | Stcxkten, IIS— James A. Louttit, Charles d« Leigh. Ol;mria. 31J-W. H. B3Wle, Frederick Meu- ren B«-niPl3. 120-J. B. Devlin. Bert-piont. 121-J. B. Vall»ctr'.a. Orar-.se. 122— C. J. Schmidt." The present noble grand arch will be- come the junior noble arrand arch and he | will be succeeded by Henry Lange of St. Helena Grove, at present deputy noble j grand arch. He has been a Druid fnr I more than a quarter of a century and has during that time made many friends in the ord?r. Jules S. Godeau. at present ¦ grand guard, will be rao<t undoubtedly the i next deputy grand arch, as there Is no ' one as a candidate against him. He Is a ' member of Perseverance Grove of this city. John M. Graves, who has been | grand secretary for years, will be J a candidate for re-election. He is a mem- ber of Modesto Grove. K. H. Goetze will| not be a candidate for the office of grand treasurer that he has filled for several years. The only one spoken of for that position is James Hagan of Laurel Grove j of this city. For the offlce of grand mar- I sbal G. H. Bertram of JCorma Grove and j C, Guglielmoni of Aurora Grove will be candidates. Three supreme representn- 1 lives will be selected from the following i ' named past grand noble arches: J. F. Martlnonl. F. Cavagnaro. E. H. Goetze. George \V. Lovle, Frank Lewis and E. L. Wagner. The Supreme Grove will meet in Indianapolis on the 14th of August. During the session of the Grand Grove a new hall secured at the Mission by Olympia Grove will be dedicated by the grand officers with" Druldlc ceremonies. There will also be a grand ball in honor of the grand officers and representatives. t I. Geology Is more closely related to the intelligent development of the material resources of a country than la any other branch of natural science. Upon the raw materials furnished by mining and agri- culture all forms of manufacturing and commercial Industry are primarily based, and with both these fundamentals geology is inextricably involved. The science has therefore both Us applied and Its purely scientific aspects, and It Is necessary* 0 appreciate its dual character in order to establish a correct perspective in compar- ing Its condition In the year 1S00 with that in the year 19D0. The Importance of this appreciation lies in the fact that in its application toindustrial needs geology has claims to governmental support, and it is by the aid of national and State geo- logical surveys that the recent great ad- vances in the science have been made pos- sible. By the close of the eighteenth century the larger facts in the structure of the globe were familiar to all men of science who had given them attention. Mines had been In operation for 2000 yeara and more, and had been conducted with much intel- ligence for several centuries. It was evi- dent to all observers that disturbances of the earth's crust had taken place, that folds, faults and Joints had resulted, and that the cracks had in many cases been filled with later minerals. Kocks were known to be of both sedi- mentary and of igneous origin. It was well appreciated that some were older than otners, but the classifications into time series were very incomplete, espe- cially for the paleozoic strata. In the re- lated department of mineralogy the com- moner species had been Identified and named and considerable information was current regarding their chemical compo- sition. Fossils had- been long known and had been correctly interpreted as the re- mains of the former organisms. In the Paris basin several observers had shown that the fossils followed one another in /equence, and were, within limits, char- 'aeterlsilc of particular strata and useful for their Identification, but this knowledge was restricted to a very few savants. In the opening years of the present century it was made generally available in France by Cuvler.and Brogniart and was devel- oped quite "Independently by William Smith inEngland. In the closing years of the eighteenth century, however, most men interested in this branch were appar- ently not aware of the importance, or. In fact, of the existence, of these relations. - In the eighteenth century only a small part of , tne world had been geologically described, and that with a very Imper- fect scientific vocabulary. France. Ger- many. Italy, Russia and England had re- ceived considerable attention, but the rest of the world remained for the fu- ture. The terra incognita is indeed by np means exhausted even to-day, but 100 years ago the two Americas, Asia. Af- rica and Australia can hardly be said to have existed so far as geological knowl- edge is concerned. Governmental surveys had scarcely begun. The science ad- vanced by individual effort, which often taxed the means of the Investigator to the breaking point. Scientists were also largely. Influenced by the metaphysical tendencies of their own and previous cen- turies. They had not altogether outgrown earlier habits of thought, induced by older methods of education. All this being true, it was natural that writers on geology during this period de- veloped in their scientific work tendencies to speculative systems, to the creation of hypotheses, to grand generalizations and to the formulation of theoretical views w.lth which they sought to make nature conform. They exhibit all the character- istics of half-informed minds. The soil was fertile and seeds had been sown, but much of the resulting vegetation proved io be weeds and of necessity had to be cut down and destroyed. Of this charac- ter were the extreme views of the Nep- tunfsts. of the Plutonists and in the years soon after ISOO of the searchers after so- called world-hypothesis. Of them all the NeptunJsts were the most important and in some respects the most unfortunate in their Influence. It required many years and a hard struggle with an Insidious foe to rid geological thought of their mis- taken conceptions and doctrines. Early in the present century a reaction set in. Hypotheses were abandoned for observation and record. Geological socie- ties and geological sections in scientific societies of a more general nature were established and archives of record were provided. Governmental geological sur- veys found favor and by the end of the fifth decade were or had been in opera- tion In almost all the more advanced States and countries. Their systematic work and their reports from trained ob- servers, directed by a single responsible head, soon placed at command a vast amount of information of which the fath- ers in the science had no conception. The- oretical views more and more grew to be based on sound evidence and to be worthy of acceptance by conservative stu- dents. Besides tho printed reports the surveys have provided geologists at large with maps, both topographical and geo- logical, and before the admiring and al- most bewildered gaze~of the onlooker have unrolled the geological panorama with a richness and fullness not dreamed of at the close of the last century. Under a few topics it is possible to sum GEOLOGY IN ITS RELATION TO COMMERCE. Copyright, 1900, by Seymour Eaton. COmPARATIVE STUDIES <>*» T\A/O CENTURIES. up the cbief subjects in which 19C0 shows the greatest advance over 1S00. The most ancient rocks are recognized now to be Igneous In their nature and when they possess a foliation which sug- gests sedimentary bedding it is thought to be due to mechanical crushing and shearing. The- foliated structure had for- merly led many to believe in their sedi- mentary origin. On the other hand, tho development of reliable methods of ob- servation of phenomena in the Held and the interpretation of the mineralo?lcal and chemical composition of crystalline rocks In the laboratory have made possi- ble a vast advance in our knowledge of those elusive members of the earth's crust which are usually described a* "metamorphic." Not alone in appreciat- ing the igneous nature of some but In de- monstrating the sedimentary nature el others and In working out the structure of many complex areas, such as the Alps. the Scottish highlands and the Lake Su- perior region, have we gained outposts far in .advance of those held in the year ISOO. To-day we regard these problems as among the most attractive or the science, although their difficulty is not belittled. When the strata of the older fossillfer- ous periods, J. . e., those constituting the paleozoic era, are considered, the advance in knowledge ia simply astonishing. The geologists of the last century knew Uttlo of these beds; their experience, so far ai any stratigraphy worthy of the namn was concerned, was limited to the meso- zolc and cenozoic formations. To-day wo are well aware that fossils occur as far back as the base of the Cambrian, if nut still lower. Faunas have been collected, studied and classified from strata that our forefathers would have given up as hopeless. The next century will probably push the limits still further back, and al- ready In tho closing years of the present one several keen observers have found encouragement for this expectation. In- deed, geology presents no more attractive field for investigation. In the study of faunas, floras . and the general life of the past the biological investigator has been irresistibly led up> to the conceptions of evolution, and con- versely the thought of the later students has been most strongly Influenced by these views. Their appreciation and adop- tion were inevitable with the growth or knowledge, and they have In turn cast a. flood of light upon the development of life In the past. Yet no one believes that the last word has been said and many curious facts and relations remain to be explained. The forces back of organic growth, as applied to the genus or group as well as the species and individual. giv« subjects for meditation to the well-in- formed mind, especially If it possess a philosophical tendency. Most important of all in this respect is the origin and fu- 1 AnofheTo" that are entire- ly the product of the century now closing is that of the glacial period. It was sug- gested in the earlier aecades. but it ha* had its chief development in the later ones. Its phenomena are so widespread and familiar in our northern latitudes that it has elements of great popularity. a3 well as profound scientific character. That the great ice sheet existed no one longer questions, but as to what caused it thefe is still wide difference of op nion. Astronomical variations, continental ele- vations and changes In the percentage of carbonic acid in the atmosphere have all been cited. There may be others of which we have no present anticipation, but tho last two certainly seem, to have been or serious moment. The phenomena pro- duced by the Ice sheets are now recorded and described in great detail, and for their interpretation much study has been given to Greenland and other polar re- gions which stiU preserve the conditions now fong past In southern latitudes. The study of the moraines and other de- posits of the continental glacier, as well as investigations of the earth's surface In unglaciated regions, have brought into prominence the Importance of a proper understanding of land foVms and land sculpture. This fascinating department of geology has developed almost into a sepa- rate school of scientific work. Its general importance lies In Its Influence on the proper study of geography in the schools, and therein its effect is far-reaching. Realizing as a fundamental conception that all land forms are the results of the action of geological forces, the mountains. valleys, coasts and Interior plains are explained upon this basis even to the very young. Rivers and lakes reveal life his- tories, and a mountain range becomes not merely a series of lines on a map. but a great topographical barrier that may have had a powerful Influence, as In the case of our Appalachians, upon the de- velopment ot the country. True concep- tions may thus be established at the very outset which will afterward bear upon historical study in a most Important man- ner. History, political economy and all the subjects connected with the evolution of States are Involved In it. And finally. In modem mining and quar- rying,in agriculture and work of an en- gineering nature, the influence of broader and more •correct views la manifest on every hand. Greater certainty of opera- tion, less and less of wild and unreason- able expectation and more and more of intelligent development are manifested, so that in many ways not always realized by the general public the civilization of the closing year of the nineteenth century owes a great debt to geology. J. F. KEMF. Columbia University. nannl Banchero, Domlnlco Xavone, Agostina Muzzle. " Luis de Camoens, SI—M. S. Llnla, S. G. AI- dlne. Pleapantnn. SI—J. P. Rose, Frank Lewis, N. Kallsky. 51. Pine. Tomal'f, S3— D. Demartlni. A. $V. Dado. P. Caliceri. Dant<\ S4—F. Bondlettl, V. Bamarlnl, L. Gran-'ccfe. Acorian. S6—A. C. Nunes, M. S. Neves, J. S. Silverlea. The Candidates for Grand. Offices-A Ball to Be Given. Gain in Member- ship Has Been Very Noticeable. THE Orand Grove of the f nited An- cient Order of Druids will meet In |i thirty-sixth annual session In the Druidie Temple on Sutter street, in this city, on the l?th inst. and remain in session several days. Tho grand officers and the representa- tives will transact the business that shall come before the session and legislate for How Druidism Has Advanced During Last Term in State Representatives of Seventy-Nine Minor Groves. GRAND GROVE OF DRUIDS TO HOLD ANNUAL SESSION HERE The r.ir.th erado pupils of the Denman tirammar School hcW their graduating exercises yesterday afternoon. An excel- lent programme of music and recitations was presented, after which the graduates received their diplomas, while a limited number of bright pupils were presented with medals. The schoolroom In which the exercises were held was handsomely decorated with flowers for the occasion. Mrs. M. M. Fitzgerald, the class teacher, presided, and Principal A. 1>. Mann awarded the diplomas and medals to the successful pu- riis. Tbere was much applause for all the graduates and many floral cCTerings. Denman city medals were awarded to Miss Annie Bailey, Miss Marie Fitz Mau- rice, Miss Marie Knapp and Miss Bernice Ka::ey. Miss Edson Bergin. Miss Nina mow. Miss Alice Lacay. Jliss Pearl Ladd. ->I:fs Elsa I^ange, Miss Lucile Low, Miss Carrie Malfame, Miss Gertrude Mason, Miss Charlotte Wool! and Miss Lillian Zobcl recti\ed Denman School medals. The deportment medal was awaiucc to -U:p!= Injrer Aune. The graduates were as follows Alice Athmtone, Ir.jer Aune, Annie Bailey, Thrt-sa. Bai-m. Millie Bell. Edson liergin, Josle lif-Tiyc^tn. N:na ii:ow-. IJ-rtha. Urownins. Alice ''lauis. lirsfi Cohen. Jes«.ie Ccraijton. Marie P;tz ijauricf, :;•- I-Tinn. Marguerite Freder- ich. May Gibaon. Ada Gilberts, Lydia Gre-n, Anita iiaVienicht. Josophiae Hannigan, Marie Krjipp. Alice Lacay. l"earl Ladd, Elsa I^ange, Hi.ii* i Lindley. Lucile Low. Lou'.ee ibj- r. Car- rie Malfanti. GertruJe Mason. Ksther McCall. Lotta. McKcar.. Jo«ie Normand. ilaybel Peck. Lillian PrCfCtor. Mar>- yuicn. Berenice Kaney, Eth»l P.cff Xilldre.1 Lallee, Mabel TMd. Edith Vechte. Jennie Wilshire. Charlotte Wooll, Ul- lian Zobel. The afternoon'* propramme was as fol- lows: Music (a) "Greetir-s" (Mendelssohn) ; (b) "Two Swallow*" Schumann). Welcome. Marie Fitz Maurice; recitation. "Jerry." Josephine Norrr.and: voc&i solo. "A Lullaby." Louise MaJ'-r. Muclc. «a) "Lift Thine Eyes" (Mea- Ceisr-chr^: <h) r' ara0 solo, Annie Bailey: "Dream rj gpiine" <Rjhde). Recitatiea. "Order for a Picture" (Alice M. Careyj, Maybel Peck: claw ; retc-r.tatioii of pictures. Mufic, «a) "Star of ;i"me" (Malfr); <bf piano solo. Pearl Ladd; Hungarian Rhapsody. 1-" «LiZFt). Prctenta- ::on cf medals. Hon. James Denman; vocal cj»t. "Good -by. Ye Flowerets Fair," Pearl Ladd and Ethel Ros*; I'resentation of diplo- rr.eE. Music. <a) "Over Hill. Over Dale" (Men- c<-I«sK>hr.); <b) "Sounds of Evening" «.Abt). F&re»«U, Berenice Raney. Music. <a) "Lead, K:nciy Light"; <b) "God Ever Glorious." •¦AEierica." c!as-s and audience. Pianists. An- nie Bailey and Pearl Ladl. EVENIl'G PUPILS REWARDED. Closing cf High School and Drawing Departments of the Humboldt. The closing exercises of the high school and drawing departments of the Hum- boldt Evening School were held last even- ing at Odd Fellows' HaiL Superintendent Webster acted as chairman of the even- lr^. "Director Deamaa presented awards io the following named pupils: HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT. * Port graduates— Insrid Ilansen. Allan Henry Seniors— Herbert Arthur. Frederick Ban- rr.anr.. R<Maad A. Grulb. B. V. Killilea, Jacob 5. Lirhtig. V. P. Laufenberg, R. A. Haus- man. W. P. Kaufman. Frank I. Lj-ncb, Otto '. i'etcr**T.. W. K. Galloway. Tk". M. Hassey. Grumsn. W. J. Sanderson. Auruet V^y.rrs. John R. Fciecrd. Victor J. Veckl, Oariea J. Nlcolai. Literary lur.tcrs— Albert Browa, Jamee B. ::::.». Charie* David. Joseph B. Hcgan. Stella A Limbert. Attilio S. Musacte. Henry R. y. -r.r. George A. Mortattt. BueU C. Nelscn, A I .a B. O"Krten. Lert B. gh'.pley. Albert Faus- Ma.rg£!^t Ac^e Watson. Edward Ellii 6 ;»ntiflc juniors— Jay V. Curr&n. Eutene J. Fome*. Thomae W. Forsyth, Koah E. Gyle, n*«Jter Marshall. Frank M. MacFee. John J. UcKcoo, Tbonias J. McKeon. N. A. McLaugh- ..:. K'.bert J. Miller. Georg* J. Presley, James B. S-horn. Clinton H, Staubrldee. DRAWING DEPARTMENT. C^—iScat«6 of Trork accomplished — Toby I>»ira-ald, William Bateman, Clarenc* BUler, Rodaer Chlsholm. Alexander Henderson. C. Ko- fMrr.oto. J. «J. Morrison, Anton Mathlesen. El- Eacr A. FriSlcy. Edward Urown, Joseph Clark. ,'-'.n Fahey, Alfred <J. Kays. Ralph Maurer. O rpe A. Miller. George Pleasant. H. Thomp- roa, Wayland E. Jonea. B_ Cunningham. Har- i J. Crai*, Carl Walker. Frank A. Hicks, • i. MiET.usen. Wiifred Robinson. John F. Allen, liiriel Clanry. Horace. Conyere. Joseph Felix, .Jarr.r-s Fortune, Andrew K. Haes>, Stanley Lewln. William A. Mackey, Henry McKellops. L^n Sioffat. George Peterson. F. A. techoen- r:ein. Chrt« Muw, James Stewart. Leonard Thoistf, Toku Taksra. A. E. Smith. Malcolm Turner, B. Itusf* 11 Wood. George Sammy. Jack Weils. Clifford Blatx n, Alven Martin. Olof OI- eon, William J. Petens. Anton gchmltz, Wal- lace E. Stuhr. Cherter W. Ripley. Willlaia Mc- I^r.nan. Frank Hawton. Harold G. Lellich. Henry B. Smith. Arthur R. Bird. Frederick Birdsa'.I. Cfcaries Darby, Harry J. Down. James T. Ducran, Welter Goldstein. Alex W. Hesa, SI. Vf. Howard. Mehille H«rzoff. Edward L. Voy. r>avi<l Johns. Carlton V. Lao«, George T. Law-son. William H. Ohraen, Grant B Shipley, Reuben TeUarn. William Thiele. Jesse O. TunrJcliSe. Oscar von BirMfl, James Knox. Frank Heuer, Albert Terkelson, Arthur Jo- tasnsen. The following- constituted the evening's programme: Overture, orchestra: Introductory remarks; Falutatory Thomas W. Forsyth; tenor eolo. <J«~.n:e V. aUaoe. Ef*&j-— The Application of I>rawin« to <a) Comrn'rOT, B. Russell Wood; 'b) Vechanie*. Reuben Tellam; <c> Arch*tec- tur*. Toby BearwiM. College songs. Humboldt IXrni&gSrhool Gleo Club; «*ay, "A Soldier's Trip to Cuba," Robert E. Balr.es; presentation rt df-bating team; essaj-. "Aspiration and In- spiration." Marram Watson; cornet solo, 'ie^rre Rupe; «>?ay. "The Advancement of Science ia the Nineteenth Cer.tury." Otto C. I'fterwn; recitation, Dorothea Frazler; bork Hjrr.b^Idt EieninK School Quaru-t; valedictory, •"Chivalry. Medle-val and Modern." Ueatric-e v! Kiililea.; presentation of awards, r»Ir»ctor Den- man; s.iiire.<K, President Mark; "America," by the auiilcr.ee. Dancing: brought the evening to a close. DIPLOMAS AWABDZD TO AXL. rcrty-Four Pupils of Mission Gram- mar School Graduated. TAa ninth grade pupils of the Mission Grammar School graduated with appro- priate exercises yesterday afternoon. The followingprogramme was presented: Remarks rj- Prwlient Charles Gunn; p!ano rile. M: Mabel O'Connor; «mj, Mies Carrie J'ur^ell; duet. Mifs Minnie Budd and Miss Nel- lie Van Curen; mandolin and guitar duet, John and Henry I>resch*>r; piano duet. MIm Con- nante Schmlts and Leo Hillenbrand; piano solo. M:s?s Schmltr. Every pupil in the ninth grade was graduated. Miss Sullivan, the teacher, presented the diplomas amid great en- thusiasm. Mips Crowley made the pre- sentation of the medals. The graduates are as follows: L?o Hillenbrand. John Drescher. Carrie Man- ptls. Aima I^ran. Erneft Leeds, Annie Rom. Harmon Fischer, Ethel- January, Artiy !:s'hfr, Cora l^aederich. Jesrie Lett«. Agnes « ¦onnclly. Carl Qucllmalz, Charles Gunn. Katie SlcCullouph. Henabslle Nichols, Dora Mulling, Ida Scfcmitt. Eliza Chalmers. Frank Brick- »-o/J«»l. Annte O'Connor, Anna Behulonan. Charles Halt on. Ed W. Enselbrlfftu, Natalia Clarke. B*>!1«" Taylor, Kriesia von Bulow. Ruth A11«ti. Cnrj-ytal Ford. Jotwphfne Vnfried. Har- riet Love, Oliver Flahavan. Anna Barthold. Irrr.e Anderson. Jennie Nalf*ko*ka. Helen Campbell. Lizzie lYentir*. Frank Richter, <)i-, rut- Omy. Emma Ki.«ch*r. Roth Ha.*kell. A!l.:n Malrnberj:. Willie Newburper and Blaine liexburch. The pupils who received medals are L«eo Hillenbrand. John Drescher. Carrie Man- pels and Alma Erran. SFBIKG VALLEY GRADUATES. Diplomas and Medals Are Awarded to Deserving Pupils. Tko members of the ninth grade of the Fpring Valley Grammar School assembled in the auditorium of the school yesterday to receive their diplomas and medals. The young: ladies were all charmingly gowned in white and made a pretty picture as they stood and voiced the song of wel- Splendid Exercises in Which Graduating Class Par- ticipates. Parents Applaud While Bright Schol- ars Are Given the Just Reward of 1 heir Excellent DENMAN PUPILS RECEIVE MEDALS AND DIPLOMAS The Day Parade Committee Will Ask Every County to Participate in the Grand Demon- stration. At tho last session of the joint ninth of September committee of the Native Sons of the Golden West Charles H. Turner, chairman of the naval parade committee, was authorized to appoint seven persons not members of the general committee, six of whom should not be : members of the order. Yesterday Mr. Turner made the following appointments: John D. Spreckels. who shall be commodore of the naval parade; Captain N. T. James of the Naval Militia;Captain William G. Leale, chairman of the .fllot Commissioners; P. H. Barber, the pioneer pilot and head of the San Francisco Pilots; Allen M. Clay, secretary of the Bank of California and ex-coromoaore of the California Yacht Club; and Al Pryor of the Piper-Aden- Gcoaali company. The seventh is Ad- miral H. H. jjryaen, who was appointed a few tiays since. '.These gentlemen will lend their assistance to the committee to the er.a that tne naval parade snail sur- pass any otncr display ot this nature ever seen on can rranciseu bay. . At a meeting ui me o.uy parade commit- tee, heia at lue neauquariers in the Pal- ace Hotel, lieutenant Coionel Boxton, chief oi staff, suggested that it would bt a gooa iuea tor tu« dative aons to confer a truiy caniornia name on the park on Thineer.tn street, and that it should^ be dedicaic-a bv them on tne ninth of bep- temcer. This committee will send invita- tions to omclals in every county in the State to participate in the celebration. Each county will be asKed to contribute a float tor the parade. Major General Shatter. will oe asKed to co-operate with the Native Sons, and It was stated that he would consent to do so. Hereafter tne committee win meet every Wednesday. Next week the conierence committee will meet tne parade committee. Otto Liming of OaKtano. sent word to headquarters that he would furnish two beautitully decorated carriages for the parade and that he would use his influ- ence to have others do tr-.e same. San Francisco Parlor will parade 100 strong on black horses and will be preced- ed by a band of twenty-live pieces. The uniform will be black, with soft black hats, the saddle clotns to be trimmed with yellow. The men on horses will bo fol- lowed by a large float. Thomas T. Stack has been appointed aid to the grand mar- shal from this parlor. Mission Panor has sent in a request that Del B. Bowley. one of its members, be ap- pointed a division marshal. . National Parior win wear a uniform to consist ot biack pantaloons, with a gold stripe down the s:de. black shirt, soft black hat and a yellow scarf. Each mem- ber will also wear a gold tie and a hand- some badge adorned with the srolden pop- py. On tne night of the 7th of September this parlcr will give a grand reception at the Terhau Tavern. . Chairman Kerrigan of the ball commu- tes is of the opinion that the grand ball should close the festivities and that at that time the souvenir of the event shcuid be distributed. John D. Spreckels Chosen for Commodore of the Big Naval Event. NATIVE SONS WORKING FOR THE JUBILEE THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, FRIDAY, JUNE 15, 1900. THE CALL'S HOME STUDY CIRCLE 9 THOSE WHO ASPIRE TO BE- COME OFFICERS OF THE NEXT GRAND GROVE. ""• - - ; \ In accordance with our policy of low prices, we offer frort) this date to everybody Sheet Music at Half Price, We have the best stock, in ths city for you to select from. Call or send orders to The Zeno Mauvais Music Co, 769 M\r.K£T STREET. /ge-^ts • ccRer A Son and PacRard Plonss. Has no eaual for Its well defined purposes of aiding the convalescent, the weak, the mother in recovering health, utrenprth. appetite. Made only by the Anheuser-Uusch Brewing Ass'n, St. Louis, U. S. A. Sold by all druggists. Platt's Chlorides as a Disinfectant recommended as what every family needs*.
Transcript of GRAND GROVE OF DRUIDS TO NATIVE SONS THE RECEIVE...
Crane Got One Year..Peter Morgan Ashley Crar.e was sen-
tenced, yesterday by United .States Dis-trict Judge de Haven to one years Im-prifor.ment.in the San Quentin peneten- jtiary and $103 fine. Crsr.e pleaded guiltyiof having impersonated his brother, tirniinCrane: -and' of-bavins' falsely, sworn to n;c'.ulin for an original Civil )Var pension.
Twenty-Four Years Insane.Suit has been brought by the N'apa In-
sane Asylum'against the estate of Eliza-beth LJcpenfeld for S4305. The woman wasdeclared insane by the Superior Court in1S7G, and for twenty-three years an3eleven months she had been confined inthe asylum. She died recently and thetreasurer of the asylum brought suitagainst Henry Leasen. her guardian andtrustee of her estate, to -recover . yrtamount equal fo.$J5 a month for.the t'rri'?she was under ,detention.
Assessor and Tax Collector Cited.An order to show cause why they should
not be punished for contempt of court wasissued yesterday against WashingtonDodge. Assessor, and Joseph ll. Scott.Tax Collector, by United States CircuitJudge Morrow, returnable at ll o'clocknext Monday morning. The order allegesthat the respondents violated the restrain-ing order of the court by attempting toBell the stock of the shareholders of theNevada National Hank of San Franciscofor the purpose of enforcing the collectionand payment of the tax upon the sharesof the capital stock of the bank.
SMUGGLED GOODS ONTHE TRANSPORT GRANT
Customs Searchers Seized Thres Thou-,sand Cigars and Valuable Silks
£ nd Laces.Customs searchers seized yesterday
upon the transport Grant about 3000 Ma-nila cigars and several packages of silks
and laces which members cf the crew aridothers wer* attempting to smuggleashore. The articles were hidden In themost out-of-the-way" places all over thesteamer and In the risglng.
Quartermaster Baker has had troublewith the customs officials before. On the
«a«** occasion he was reprimanded by hl3superiors for refusing to stop the vessplto allow the customs officers on beard.The search of the vessel ts still proceed-ing and the searcher* are doing theirwork "con amore." Tltey.say that Quar-termaster Baker will be welcome to allthe smuggled stuff that they fail to tind.
The San Francisco Commercial Trav-elers' Association will hold their fourthannual outing and picnic at Camp Tayloron Saturday. June IS. Many valuable gat«apd game prizes will be awarded. Thecommittee of arrangements consists ofEmmet Dunn. II.H. Becker. W. T. Rar>-cel. Charles E. Tarront. C. E. Torres. B.Fredericks. Nick Marised. H. Heinz andJ. Blanton.
Drummers to Picnic
The Divorce CourtDivorce suits have been fil«Mi as fol-
lows: Mary E. Collier against ResinaliW. Collier for failure tn provide: LllliaHIrshfeld against Walter Hirshfeid forcruelty. Divorces have been ernnted asfollows: Mary Earl from Albert Edwar-1Earl, for neglect: custody of minor childawarded to plaintiff. Camtle V. Silv.ifrom Jose M.Silva. desertion: custody ofminor child and $25 a month alimonyawarded to plaintiff.Matilda Edith Dunp©from Thomas Henry Dunne, failure toprovide; plaintiff allowed tr> resume hermaiden name. Mati.de Edith Pursley.Edith Hodges from Walter Hodges, net-lect and desertion; custody of minor child,$23 a month alimony and $40 counsel feesawarded plaintiff..
STATE DISCUSSION OFLINCOLN MONUMENT PLAN
Mass Sleeting Will Convene to Con-sider "Ways and Means of Se-
curing Money.vAt a meeting of the Lincoln Monument
League, held on Wednesday, final ar-rangements were made for the State con-vention to be held in the Academy ofSciences Hall on Saturday afternoon andevening, June 16. Judge M. Cooney occu-pied the chair.
The object of the league is to erect asuitable monument to the memory of Lin-coln, and t»e convention is to be held toawaken public attention to the organiza-tion's plan. The meeting will be a repre-sentative affair, and many prominentcitizens have promised to be on hand tohelp the league's efforts to perpetuate themartyr President's memory in this city.
The league is confident that Its planswillmeet with the hearty co-operation oft».e entire State. Invitations have beensent broadcast, calling on those addressedto attend the convention as honorarymembers of the league. The first sessionof the convention is to be called to orderat 2 p. m. and willbe followed at S o'clockby an evening session.
ANOTHER VICTIM OFOFFICIAL NEGLIGENCE
Attorney Mitchell Pays Taxes to ex-Collector She«han, but Proper ,
Credit Not Given.Attorney Robert B. Mitchell Is the lat-
est victim of the negligence of formerTax Collector Sheehan's deputies to post
properly payments of taxes on real estate.
Mitchell visited Tax Collector Scott yes-
terday and informed him that he hadbeen declared delinquent on the second
Installment of taxes on a certain piece ofproperty, amounting to J38 55. He hadpreviously ascertained in the Auditor'sofflce that the proper credit had beenriven 'to the first Installment of *3S w>. butthat the second had not been markedpaid. He exhibited a check, however,
calling for $110 52. which he had remittedon November 14. ISM. to Sheehan andwhich was indorsed by the latter in pay-ment of the total amount of taxes onthree pieces of property—*14 68. J13 .4 and$77 10, the latter amount being for twoinstallments of $33 55 each. Scott In-formed Mitchell that he would have tolook to the Board of Supervisors for re-lief, as only the first installment wascredited on the cash-books and his bill
also called for one installment of $38 &>
visited the Auditor yesterday
and tendered the sum of J176 to pay forapparent shortages on his books, hut hewas referred to the Auditor's attorney?.Lloyd&Wood, for a settlement of the dis-puted points.
ST. PETER'S GRADUATES.Father Yorke Delivered Address on
Catholic Education.The commencement exercises of St.
Peter's Academy were held last night.Three young lady graduates were present-ed with diplomas by Rev. Father PeterC. Yorke. Following are tfae names ofthose who took part in the programme:Ida Burke, iGertie Guthrle, Mary Mclntyre.
Katie Clarke, Masrie Dillon, Nellie Dillon, I.Fopplano. L. Farrell, K. Walsh, E. Tyrrell.Sadie McLaughlln, Agnes Fitzgerald. MargaretRoche, Mary Cooney, May Barry, Ella Barry.Alice Cooney, Mary Haley. Agnes O'Connell.Katherine Welch. Teresa O'Connor, W. Fitz-gerald. J. Kennedy, H. Broderlck. G. Webb,M. Glrot. L. Owen, V. Kennedy. M. Bennett.Walter J. O'Brien, Frank J. MacKinnon, FredMcCarthy. Frank Merrill. A. Mllly,M. Bare-Wfs. M.Clarke, Masters W. O'Brien. J. O'Brienand K. Cannon. L. Milly.J. Welch, May Keefe,J. Whelan. A. Keefe. G. Collum. A. Whelan,A. rtae. M. Keenan, L. Farrell. A. Guthrle, H.Jones. E. Cannon.
On the conclusion of the programmeFather Yorke presented diplomas to MaryI.Cooney. Sadie A. McLaughlln and Mar-caret M. Roche. He thanked the personspresent in the name of the Sisters of the> cariemy for their attendance and theW »ral manner In which they respondedt* 'h«» needs of the parish school. Branch-i$2 out into the advantages of giving chil-;>.-n a good religious education, he com-pared the schools conducted by the Sisterswith those of a secular character: holdingthat no education can be of the rightkind if the religious training be omitted.To the parents alone and not to the Stateshould the right of educating the childbe entrusted, he said. Catholic schoolsbelonged to the common people who builtthem.
Father Yorke admitted that it pleasedhim to know that the presidents of thetwo great universities of California ad-mitted that education In the Catholic col-leges was just as> good as that given Intheir colleges. Speaking of Palo Alto, hesaid, in part, that itwas simply a privateinstitution backed by millions of dollars,with vineyards in every county in theState to contribute to its support. Thishe eomnared with Catholic colleges hav-ing nothing but the generous offerings ofthose who believed in supporting such in-stitutions for the good that came fromthem: for without religion, no educationwould make good citizens, he said.
The speaker dwelt at some length onthe proposed amendment to the consti-tution havinc for its obiect the exempt-ing of Stanford's University from taxa-tion. This he opposed lwcause it was dis-criminating in favor of the rich as againstthe poor colleges.
Hongrclse No. 6" (Liszt), Miss Sweeney; selec-tion, orchestra: "The Gypsy Queen," operetta(Hanson)— Queen of the Gypsies (later Queenof the Fairies). M1«r Canepa: Rosalie (Moun-tain Queen), Miss Margaret Anthony; gypsies,fairies, peasant?. Scholastic honors— Addressto the graduates. Very Rev. P. J. Cummtna;farewell, chorus; selection, orchestra.
HEARST SCHOOL GRADUATES.Bridge and Denman Medals and Di-
ploxnas for Ninth GradePupils.
There was a distribution of medals anddiplomas at Hearst Grammar School yes-terday. The Bridge medal was awardedto Charles Hwyck and the Denman medalto Helen Mangel and Vere Chamberlain.
The followingpupils were recommendedLulu Hall, honorary; Greta Venton.- Lillian
Thorson, Sophia Verkouteren. Florence Cloak,May Cashman. Florence Hanly.
Those promoted by examinations were:Eva Crowley. Ethel Falnveather. Alice Fll-
mer. Edgar Gorham, Bessie Herrlck. LilianHurney, Eva Mason, Dora Smith.
RECITATIONS AND SONGS.
Cosmopolitan School.Closing Exercises of Graduates of
Graduating exercises of the ninth grsii*of the Adams Cosmopolitan GrammarSchool were held yesterday and the fol-lowing programme was presented:
The "Flower Song-." class: German recita-tion. Alma Barth; violin solo. Babette Cline:French recitation. Z."ta Fahey. Claire Rrcwn-stone, Gertrude Pollack: cornet polo. LouiseLevy; essay. "A Winter In Florida," DixieOsborn; class song, "The Sailor's Wife"; clubswinging. Harry Schreiber; recitation. "Water-million," Minnie Levlson; piano solo. SophieHarris: essay. "A Visit to a Gold Mine," lienNordman; piano duet, Alice Kortjohn. AdelleHeeder; class song, "The River Song" and"America."
come. There was a pplendld impromptuprogramme, after which Principal SilasA. White awarded the diplomas andmedals. Mrs. Taylor, the class teacher,pinned the medals on the breasts of thefortunate pupils.
The following graduates received diplo-mas:
Mary E. Albert!, Addle E. Buker. Kina VT.Boyle. Lillian M. Craig. Etta M Canty, EthelW Cayot. Florence E. Collins. Nellie u. Flan-agan Litlie P. Hansell. Stella F. Hencke. Liz-zie M Hubbard. Nelita M. Kruger, Rose Mc-
DonouVh. Louise M. Patris. Ida Phllpott. Annie
riawllnson. Marie O. Strohun. Antoinette Tay-lor Bertha Van Wie. Edna C. Vennekohl.Henrietta Velller. Gretta Waterman. PercyCecil. Robert Dunlop. Arthur Dejune. J. Archie
Johnston. William luring. Herbert Manners,Leslie Stadfeld, Herman Westefeld.
Ix>utea Patris and Edna Vennekohlwere awarded Denman medals. PercyCecil received the Bridge medal and MaryAlbert!. Stella Hencke and Herbert Man-ners each received one of the handsomemedals awarded by Silas White, the prin-cipal of the school. \;,:. ,,_
On Saturday the graduates willbe theguests of Principal White at an afternoonreception, between the hours of 2 and 4.at his residence on Union street. Theprogramme for the afternoon was as fol-lows:
Musl<\ Antoinette Taylor; ring. "FreedomForover." elas*: recitation. "Wishing." Xellta.
Kruger: ensay "Class of 1900," Henriette Vell-ler: recitation. "So Wag I." William I»->rinir,eor.g. "Drifting."claw; recitation. "When theMinister Comes to Tea," M. Strohlln; pianopolo. Nellta Kruger: dialogue, Ethel Cayot,Arthur Dejune. Arthur Johnston; violin solo.Pe'cy Aul; reading. Rose McDonough; recita-tion. "The Church Fair," Ha Phllnctt; *on«r.'•Guardian Angel." class: 'The Recessional,"rlasr: presentation of medals; '.'Salute theFlag," class; "Parting Song."
Closing' Ex-rcises of St.' Vincent
CONVENT GIBLS GRADUATE.
School at Alcazar.The Ftage of the Alcazar Theater was
crowded yesterday afternoon with sweetgirl graduates and pupils of the lowergrades of St. .Vincent's School, who tookpart in some of the most elaborate clos-ing exercises ever participated in byschool children. A feature of the exer-cises was the awarding of diplomas to thegraduates, the MiFses Mary Fitzgerald,Cordelia Burns. Delia Ahem. Lillian Ho-gan. Mary Reilly and Mary Regan. MissSweeney "and Miss Mary Rownen wer<»awarded the gold medals for special qual-ifications In music.
The programme in full was as follows:Overture, orchestra: "O Quam. Dilecta,"
nacred chorus; trio. '"Tulip" (Llchner). MissesMurray, Woods. McCarthy, Kutcher. Dauch-ney Rr«n. O'Connor. Hurley. Rowan: "Klss-lns Papa Through the Telephone" (Minims):recitation, senior*; chorus, "Klng'8Laughter,""Our Little Men"; trio, caprice (Mueller),Misses Anthony. Farrell. Hagerty, Purvis. Dil-lon, Woods. Mullen, Kingston, O'Connell;¦'Remember Me to Allat Home." boys* chorus;duet 'Tarantelle" (Heller), Misses Sullivan,Ferrare Kirk. Donegan. Ewlng. Farrell; reci-tation Juniors: duet, "Spanish Dances" (Mos-kowsky). Misses Pun-Is. Sweeney, Sheen- Rea-ran. Sullivan, Anthony: <a) "Keenan'sCnarjre
"' <b) "Tenting on the Old CampGround," "Our Beys Ja Blue"; "lihapeodie
Paul Strickert Will Secure a Licensato Wed Martha Rachpauer, Who
Sued Him for 550,000.Paul Strickert. who was recently sued
by Martha Rachpauer for 550.0OD damages
for breach of promise, visited "Cupid"
Danforth yesterday and asked for a mar-riage license to wed the fair plaintiffInthe case. The suit is pending in JudgeDaingerfleld's court, and Strickert willnow put an end to the litigation, whichmight result in financial loss to himself.
Miss Rachpauer alleged in her complaintthat ritrlckert had promised to marry herwithin four months, and she had remainedsingle with that expectation. Strickertfiled an answer in which he denied thathe had promised to marry the ladyin fourmonths' time, but said he was ready andwilling to marry her at some later date.He aiso filed a written release of allclaims of varied character signed by MissRachpauer.
Stiickert informed Danforth that he hadmade up his mind to marry Miss Kach-pauer, but that her lawyers hadadvised her to refuse his offer because sheowed him some fees. He desired to knowwhether he could be held responsible fordebts contracted by the lady before hismarriage to her, and on being informedthat he could not the license was madeout.
Just before passing the paper to Strick-ert Danforth asked him if he was goingto be married in this city, and the pros-pective groom replied that he was goingto Oakland to have the knot tied. Dan-forth Informed him that the license wasonly good in this city and county, butStrickert said that he wanted to be mar-ried by an old clergyman friend InOak-land, and he left to secure the license inthat city.
BREACH OF PROMISESUIT TO END HAPPILY
Cypress, SI—J. E. Jacobson, G. T. Smith AM. Bianchl. E. P. Hanson.
Morvin. 62—Geoixe W. Lovie. James Stafford.Mount T.imalpals. ;s—Jowph Albert!, T. P.Boyil. W. F. Magee. A. Kapperman, W. F.
Donsbetty. C. B. Shaver.Mcrton. 62—J. Fallan-Iy. F. Clavlri.Hayward. 6»—«\ B. Harman. H. G. Alberts.Guerneville, C?—G. W. Heason. Ole Hansen.
A. Pocat. V.Guoianich. H. Miller. J. L. Lowe,J. G. Pienlnsr. J. W. Banks.
Solano. 72—J. F. Maganinl, H. A. Miller.Judge A. J. Buckle?. H. O. Brooks.Columbus. 74—A. Vatoni.Sonoma, 75—E. Erald*. S. Culcl, A. G. Bu-
lottl.Garden. 7*—X. E. Wretman, J. P. Bengtson,
O. A. Oberg. J. Gustafson.William Tell. 77—James Acrustapaee, Glo-
the future. The grand officers are:Frank Lewis, junior past noble grandarch; James F. Martinoni, noble grandarch: Henry Lange. deputy noble grandarch; John M. Graves, grand secretary;E. H. Goetze. grand treasurer; J. S, Go-deau, grand guardian; J. Nickels, HenryA, Chase and Anton Ewald, grand trus->* tees.
The reports that will be presented willshow that during the administration ofNoble Grand Arch J. F. Martinoni. a wcl!-known merchant of this city, and who hasdevoted a great deal or his time and at-tention to advancing the order, there hasbeen a remarkable gain In membershipand finance. The net gain In membershipduring that period has been in excess of1100. Eight new groves were establishedby Institution, one was revived and not
one was either suspended or surrenderedits charter. The numerical strength ofthe order was at the time of holding theprevious session in Placerville 5061. Nowit Is in excess of 6160. distributed in sev-enty-nine gToves, of which sixteen are inthis city. The groves work in the Eng-lish. Italian, German and French lan-guages.
The followingnamed are the representa-tives to the Grand Grove from the sub-ordinate groves:
California Grove Ka 1—M. Mayed, CharlesJordan.
San Francisco, 3—Charles Lesler, JohnSchmidt.
Eureka, 4—Tobias Hook. L. Fabey.Xorma. I
—C. C. O'Donnell. J. W. Goetz*1.
WalhaJla. 6— J. Lewis. S. Paska, HenryMayed. Marro Zarich. Tony Zetz.
Slgel, T—V.'llliam Waguer. Charles Herbert.William Dimmer.
San Joaiuin. &—G. Mengel, G. Schmidt, G.Wolf. F. Stoetzer.
Perseverance. 10—J. Michel. A. Goustiana.P. Camees, P. Borel. L. Chassagne, M. Hupfer,A. Laorle. J. Letroadec.
Hesperian 15—John Hutton, F. J. Horn, A.W. Martin, D. Vlllalon.
Laurel. 17—J. Hagan, L. J. Peri, Henry A.Chase, C. Antonioli. L. A. Wolff.
Templar. 1*—C. E. Carltcn. A. Anderson. H.Mentzer N. A. Cfcristeneen, A. L. Anderson.. Madrona. 21—T. R. "Walti, Carl Beck, M. Va-cozza.
San Joee. 23—A. M. Gubottl. F. Hartln*.Oakland. 24—Thotnaa Lir.ton, T. J. Brady,
Charles Achard.Modesto. 34
—R. A. Sorenson. John Kand. 11.
Christ, G. R. Graves, Aurust Simon. John J.Porter.
El Dorado, 35—Engeni Piapsl. P. Vorazza.Merced. ?«— M. M. Vincent. L. Wegner.GaJlleo. £7—A. Arnaboldi. G. Gallo, G. Iac-
chere. C. A. Ma&iptra, A. Aloir.o. J. F. Rosri.G B. Cordano. L.Canepa, G. Leopori, G. Mus-so. P G. Medinarl. S. Bollaro. G. Iscardo.' Petaluma, 38—M. L. Feddeson. H. Dillraaar!,M. Dillmann. H. Sudy.
Olema. 35—Joseph Cavalli. Frank Seray, J.Bullattl., St. Helena, 41—A. Fornl. M. P. Garner, J. G.Johnson. S. McCurdy, H. Sang-er.
Xicai-io. A2—Paul Sonog^lnl.Vaseo da Gama— F. J. Cunha, F. M. Ramos,
F. D. Rodrirues. J. C. Fernandas.Mayfleld. 45—D. D. Tilrnon, C. Drucker, John
Lundrtrom.Santa Rosa. 47—H. Grams, O. H. Hoar.
Mission. ST—
Fred Rust. J. N. Johnson.Volta. SS—I* P. Costa. G. Raggl, G. Baldls-
pone, A. Ccrta. J. L,. Valente.Liverrrore. 8>—Fred "Malley. OeorK* Black.Cayurc?, 90—A. C.ir.evasanl, M. Pelucca.Washington. 91
—Joseyfi La Point \V CHodges. C. V. Rowel!.
Aifertcus. P3—
P. Ferrari. B. Laloi. S. Fregosf IFrederick Seig, 94—U G. Morel!!, A. Fran-
clschl.Rome. 95—A. Pezzolo. G. Peizolo. F. Pezzolo,
C. CHvio. D Zunlno. G. Cordano.Macnolla. ST—J. B. Franklin. C. J. Schmidt.Concordia. PS— C. Allegretti. G. Mazzei, A.
Rossi J. Gallo.Far Wort. »-W. M. Michell. M. Muller.Guadalupe. 100—M. F. Lima, M. D. Sanche«.Salinas. 1C1— F. Schroder.Ottavio. 103— S. Gori. R. Vanucchl.Golden Star. 1<M—D. Ganlcvlch. F. Roux. P.
J. Mcleiesanl. F. Harrison. P. C. Mullaslove,A. Frar.cn'lch.
Manzanita. 1C«—R. C. Kelly. W. H. Thorn-ley. \V. Dollen. tt\ D. V.il^ox. it, J. Enos. P.SontaK. F. Marslnl, \V. Z. Pea*.
Aurora. 107—C, Guslielnionl. O. Fortunl.il. IBianchl. H. X, Torello. L. Valangiacomo, P. IBarrtll.
Alplnt. 10S— J. A. Dtveto, G. Baffiso. D.!Cerejthlno A. Avar.zlno. O. Palial^a. L. Fionc. J
GuUerrl Verii. 10?—V. Angell, M. Pozzi, G. j.GaRliardo. J. Lenlcicr.l.
Giordano Bruno—
L.. iiajplo.Bacram.er.to, i:J—A Lazzarl, V. Marianl, B.IPellegrini. A. Capnlccl.N'ovato. 113—E. R. Samuels. C. C. William?. iJackson, ill—A. Campanella. E. V. l.tni/a,.Fraternity 115— G. E. Caldv.ell, K. Besmer.
'OIi\<\ 116— J. Mcssi.Fort ana. 117—J. Larermarslno. Mark Bellcnl. |Stcxkten, IIS—James A. Louttit, Charles d«
Leigh.Ol;mria. 31J-W. H. B3Wle, Frederick Meu-
renB«-niPl3. 120-J. B. Devlin.Bert-piont. 121-J. B. Vall»ctr'.a.Orar-.se. 122— C. J. Schmidt."The present noble grand arch will be-
come the junior noble arrand arch and he |will be succeeded by Henry Lange of St.Helena Grove, at present deputy noble jgrand arch. He has been a Druid fnrImore than a quarter of a century and hasduring that time made many friends inthe ord?r. Jules S. Godeau. at present ¦
grand guard, willbe rao<t undoubtedly the i
next deputy grand arch, as there Is no'
one as a candidate against him. He Is a'
member of Perseverance Grove of thiscity. John M. Graves, who has been |grand secretary for years, will be Ja candidate for re-election. He is a mem-ber of Modesto Grove. K. H. Goetze will|not be a candidate for the office of grandtreasurer that he has filled for severalyears. The only one spoken of for thatposition is James Hagan of Laurel Grove jof this city. For the offlce of grand mar- Isbal G. H. Bertram of JCorma Grove and jC, Guglielmoni of Aurora Grove will becandidates. Three supreme representn- 1lives will be selected from the followingi'named past grand noble arches: J. F.Martlnonl. F. Cavagnaro. E. H. Goetze.George \V. Lovle, Frank Lewis and E. L.Wagner. The Supreme Grove will meetin Indianapolis on the 14th of August.
During the session of the Grand Grovea new hall secured at the Mission byOlympia Grove will be dedicated by thegrand officers with"Druldlc ceremonies.There will also be a grand ball in honorof the grand officers and representatives.
t I.Geology Is more closely related to the
intelligent development of the materialresources of a country than la any otherbranch of natural science. Upon the rawmaterials furnished by mining and agri-culture all forms of manufacturing andcommercial Industry are primarily based,and with both these fundamentals geologyis inextricably involved. The science hastherefore both Us applied and Its purelyscientific aspects, and It Is necessary* 0appreciate its dual character in order toestablish a correct perspective in compar-ing Its condition In the year 1S00 with thatin the year 19D0. The Importance of thisappreciation lies in the fact that inits application toindustrial needs geologyhas claims to governmental support, anditis by the aid of national and State geo-logical surveys that the recent great ad-vances in the science have been made pos-sible.
By the close of the eighteenth centurythe larger facts in the structure of theglobe were familiar to all men of sciencewho had given them attention. Mines hadbeen In operation for 2000 yeara and more,and had been conducted with much intel-ligence for several centuries. It was evi-dent to all observers that disturbancesof the earth's crust had takenplace, that folds, faults and Jointshad resulted, and that the cracks had inmany cases been filled with later minerals.Kocks were known to be of both sedi-mentary and of igneous origin. It waswell appreciated that some were olderthan otners, but the classifications intotime series were very incomplete, espe-cially for the paleozoic strata. In the re-lated department of mineralogy the com-moner species had been Identified andnamed and considerable information wascurrent regarding their chemical compo-sition. Fossils had- been longknown andhad been correctly interpreted as the re-mains of the former organisms. In theParis basin several observers had shownthat the fossils followed one another in/equence, and were, within limits, char-'aeterlsilc of particular strata and usefulfor their Identification, but this knowledgewas restricted to a very few savants. Inthe opening years of the present centuryit was made generally available in Franceby Cuvler.and Brogniart and was devel-oped quite "Independently by WilliamSmith inEngland. Inthe closing years ofthe eighteenth century, however, mostmen interested in this branch were appar-ently not aware of the importance, or. Infact, of the existence, of these relations.- In the eighteenth century only a smallpart of ,tne world had been geologicallydescribed, and that with a very Imper-fect scientific vocabulary. France. Ger-many. Italy,Russia and England had re-ceived considerable attention, but therest of the world remained for the fu-ture. The terra incognita is indeed bynp means exhausted even to-day, but 100years ago the two Americas, Asia. Af-rica and Australia can hardly be said tohave existed so far as geological knowl-edge is concerned. Governmental surveyshad scarcely begun. The science ad-vanced by individual effort, which oftentaxed the means of the Investigator tothe breaking point. Scientists were alsolargely.Influenced by the metaphysicaltendencies of their own and previous cen-turies. They had not altogether outgrownearlier habits of thought, induced by oldermethods of education.
All this being true, it was natural thatwriters on geology during this period de-veloped in their scientific work tendenciesto speculative systems, to the creation ofhypotheses, to grand generalizations andto the formulation of theoretical viewsw.lth which they sought to make natureconform. They exhibit all the character-istics of half-informed minds. The soilwas fertile and seeds had been sown, butmuch of the resulting vegetation provedio be weeds and of necessity had to becut down and destroyed. Of this charac-ter were the extreme views of the Nep-tunfsts. of the Plutonists and in the yearssoon after ISOO of the searchers after so-called world-hypothesis. Of them all theNeptunJsts were the most important andin some respects the most unfortunate intheir Influence. It required many yearsand a hard struggle with an Insidiousfoe to rid geological thought of their mis-taken conceptions and doctrines.
Early in the present century a reactionset in. Hypotheses were abandoned forobservation and record. Geological socie-ties and geological sections in scientificsocieties of a more general nature wereestablished and archives of record wereprovided. Governmental geological sur-veys found favor and by the end of thefifth decade were or had been in opera-tion In almost all the more advancedStates and countries. Their systematicwork and their reports from trained ob-servers, directed by a single responsiblehead, soon placed at command a vastamount of information of which the fath-ers in the science had no conception. The-oretical views more and more grew tobe based on sound evidence and to beworthy of acceptance by conservative stu-dents. Besides tho printed reports thesurveys have provided geologists at largewith maps, both topographical and geo-logical, and before the admiring and al-most bewildered gaze~of the onlookerhave unrolled the geological panoramawith a richness and fullness not dreamedof at the close of the last century.
Under a few topics it is possible to sum
GEOLOGY IN ITS RELATION TO COMMERCE.Copyright, 1900, by Seymour Eaton.
COmPARATIVE STUDIES <>*» T\A/O CENTURIES.
up the cbief subjects in which 19C0 showsthe greatest advance over 1S00.
The most ancient rocks are recognizednow to be Igneous In their nature andwhen they possess a foliation which sug-gests sedimentary bedding it is thoughtto be due to mechanical crushing andshearing. The- foliated structure had for-merly led many to believe in their sedi-mentary origin. On the other hand, thodevelopment of reliable methods of ob-servation of phenomena in the Held andthe interpretation of the mineralo?lcaland chemical composition of crystallinerocks In the laboratory have made possi-ble a vast advance in our knowledge ofthose elusive members of the earth'scrust which are usually described a*"metamorphic." Not alone in appreciat-ing the igneous nature of some but Inde-monstrating the sedimentary nature elothers and In working out the structureof many complex areas, such as the Alps.the Scottish highlands and the Lake Su-perior region, have we gained outposts farin .advance of those held in the year ISOO.To-day we regard these problems asamong the most attractive or the science,although their difficulty is not belittled.
When the strata of the older fossillfer-ous periods, J..e., those constituting thepaleozoic era, are considered, the advancein knowledge ia simply astonishing. Thegeologists of the last century knew Uttloof these beds; their experience, so far aiany stratigraphy worthy of the namnwas concerned, was limited to the meso-zolc and cenozoic formations. To-day woare well aware that fossils occur as farback as the base of the Cambrian, ifnutstill lower. Faunas have been collected,studied and classified from strata thatour forefathers would have given up ashopeless. The next century will probablypush the limits still further back, and al-ready In tho closing years of the presentone several keen observers have foundencouragement for this expectation. In-deed, geology presents no more attractivefield for investigation.In the study of faunas, floras . and
the general life of the past the biologicalinvestigator has been irresistibly led up>to the conceptions of evolution, and con-versely the thought of the later studentshas been most strongly Influenced by
these views. Their appreciation and adop-tion were inevitable with the growth orknowledge, and they have In turn cast a.flood of light upon the development oflife In the past. Yet no one believes that
the last word has been said and manycurious facts and relations remain to
be explained. The forces back of organic
growth, as applied to the genus or group
as well as the species and individual. giv«subjects for meditation to the well-in-formed mind, especially If it possess aphilosophical tendency. Most importantof all in this respect is the origin and fu-1AnofheTo" that are entire-ly the product of the century now closing
is that of the glacial period. Itwas sug-gested in the earlier aecades. but it ha*had its chief development in the later
ones. Its phenomena are so widespread
and familiar inour northern latitudes thatit has elements of great popularity. a3
well as profound scientific character.That the great ice sheet existed no onelonger questions, but as to what caused it
thefe is still wide difference of op nion.Astronomical variations, continental ele-vations and changes In the percentage ofcarbonic acid in the atmosphere have allbeen cited. There may be others of whichwe have no present anticipation, but tho
last two certainly seem, to have been orserious moment. The phenomena pro-duced by the Ice sheets are now recordedand described in great detail, and fortheir interpretation much study has beengiven to Greenland and other polar re-gions which stiU preserve the conditionsnow fong past Insouthern latitudes.
The study of the moraines and other de-posits of the continental glacier, as wellas investigations of the earth's surface Inunglaciated regions, have brought intoprominence the Importance of a properunderstanding of land foVms and landsculpture. This fascinating department ofgeology has developed almost into a sepa-rate school of scientific work. Its generalimportance lies In Its Influence on theproper study of geography in the schools,
and therein its effect is far-reaching.Realizing as a fundamental conceptionthat all land forms are the results of theaction of geological forces, the mountains.valleys, coasts and Interior plains areexplained upon this basis even to the veryyoung. Rivers and lakes reveal life his-tories, and a mountain range becomes notmerely a series of lines on a map. but agreat topographical barrier that mayhave had a powerful Influence, as In thecase of our Appalachians, upon the de-velopment ot the country. True concep-tions may thus be established at the veryoutset which will afterward bear uponhistorical study in a most Important man-ner. History, political economy and allthe subjects connected with the evolutionof States are Involved Init.
And finally.Inmodem miningand quar-rying,in agriculture and work of an en-gineering nature, the influence of broaderand more •correct views la manifest onevery hand. Greater certainty of opera-tion, less and less of wild and unreason-able expectation and more and more ofintelligent development are manifested, sothat in many ways not always realized bythe general public the civilization of theclosing year of the nineteenth centuryowes a great debt to geology.
J. F. KEMF.Columbia University.
nannl Banchero, Domlnlco Xavone, AgostinaMuzzle.
"Luis de Camoens, SI—M. S. Llnla, S. G. AI-
dlne.Pleapantnn. SI—J. P. Rose, Frank Lewis, N.
Kallsky. 51. Pine.Tomal'f, S3— D. Demartlni. A. $V. Dado. P.
Caliceri.Dant<\ S4—F. Bondlettl, V. Bamarlnl, L.
Gran-'ccfe.Acorian. S6—A. C. Nunes, M. S. Neves, J. S.
Silverlea.
The Candidates forGrand. Offices-ABall to Be Given.
Gain in Member-ship Has BeenVery Noticeable.
THE Orand Grove of the fnited An-cient Order of Druids will meet In
|i thirty-sixth annual session In theDruidie Temple on Sutter street, in
this city, on the l?th inst. and remain insession several days.
Tho grand officers and the representa-tives will transact the business that shallcome before the session and legislate for
How Druidism HasAdvanced DuringLast Term in State
Representativesof Seventy-NineMinor Groves.
GRAND GROVE OF DRUIDS TOHOLD ANNUAL SESSION HERE
The r.ir.th erado pupils of the Denmantirammar School hcW their graduatingexercises yesterday afternoon. An excel-lent programme of music and recitationswas presented, after which the graduatesreceived their diplomas, while a limitednumber of bright pupils were presentedwith medals.
The schoolroom In which the exerciseswere held was handsomely decorated withflowers for the occasion. Mrs. M. M.Fitzgerald, the class teacher, presided,and Principal A. 1>. Mann awarded thediplomas and medals to the successful pu-riis. Tbere was much applause for all thegraduates and many floral cCTerings.
Denman city medals were awarded toMiss Annie Bailey, Miss Marie Fitz Mau-rice, Miss Marie Knapp and Miss BerniceKa::ey. Miss Edson Bergin. Miss Ninamow. Miss Alice Lacay. Jliss Pearl Ladd.->I:fs Elsa I^ange, Miss Lucile Low, MissCarrie Malfame, Miss Gertrude Mason,Miss Charlotte Wool! and Miss LillianZobcl recti\ed Denman School medals.The deportment medal was awaiucc to-U:p!= Injrer Aune.
The graduates were as followsAlice Athmtone, Ir.jer Aune, Annie Bailey,
Thrt-sa. Bai-m. Millie Bell. Edson liergin, Joslelif-Tiyc^tn. N:na ii:ow-. IJ-rtha. Urownins. Alice''lauis. lirsfi Cohen. Jes«.ie Ccraijton. MarieP;tz ijauricf, :;•- I-Tinn. Marguerite Freder-ich. May Gibaon. Ada Gilberts, Lydia Gre-n,Anita iiaVienicht. Josophiae Hannigan, MarieKrjipp. Alice Lacay. l"earl Ladd, Elsa I^ange,Hi.ii*iLindley. Lucile Low. Lou'.ee ibj-r. Car-rie Malfanti. GertruJe Mason. Ksther McCall.Lotta. McKcar.. Jo«ie Normand. ilaybel Peck.Lillian PrCfCtor. Mar>- yuicn. Berenice Kaney,Eth»l P.cff Xilldre.1 Lallee, Mabel TMd. EdithVechte. Jennie Wilshire. Charlotte Wooll, Ul-lian Zobel.
The afternoon'* propramme was as fol-lows:
Music (a) "Greetir-s" (Mendelssohn) ; (b)"Two Swallow*" Schumann). Welcome. MarieFitz Maurice; recitation. "Jerry." JosephineNorrr.and: voc&i solo. "A Lullaby." LouiseMaJ'-r. Muclc. «a) "Lift Thine Eyes" (Mea-
Ceisr-chr^: <h) r'ara0 solo, Annie Bailey:"Dreamrjgpiine" <Rjhde). Recitatiea. "Order for aPicture" (Alice M. Careyj, Maybel Peck: claw;retc-r.tatioii of pictures. Mufic, «a) "Star of;i"me" (Malfr); <bf piano solo. Pearl Ladd;
Hungarian Rhapsody. 1-" «LiZFt). Prctenta-::on cf medals. Hon. James Denman; vocalcj»t. "Good -by. Ye Flowerets Fair," PearlLadd and Ethel Ros*; I'resentation of diplo-rr.eE. Music. <a) "Over Hill.Over Dale" (Men-c<-I«sK>hr.); <b) "Sounds of Evening" «.Abt).F&re»«U, Berenice Raney. Music. <a) "Lead,K:nciy Light"; <b) "God Ever Glorious."•¦AEierica." c!as-s and audience. Pianists. An-nie Bailey and Pearl Ladl.
EVENIl'G PUPILS REWARDED.
Closing cf High School and DrawingDepartments of the Humboldt.
The closing exercises of the high schooland drawing departments of the Hum-boldt Evening School were held last even-ing at Odd Fellows' HaiL SuperintendentWebster acted as chairman of the even-lr^. "Director Deamaa presented awardsio the following named pupils:
HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT. *Port graduates— Insrid Ilansen. Allan Henry
Seniors— Herbert Arthur. Frederick Ban-rr.anr.. R<Maad A. Grulb. B. V. Killilea, Jacob5. Lirhtig. V. P. Laufenberg, R. A. Haus-man. W. P. Kaufman. Frank I.Lj-ncb, Otto
'. i'etcr**T.. W. K. Galloway. Tk". M. Hassey.Grumsn. W. J. Sanderson. Auruet
V^y.rrs. John R. Fciecrd. Victor J. Veckl,Oariea J. Nlcolai.
Literary lur.tcrs—Albert Browa, Jamee B.::::.». Charie* David. Joseph B. Hcgan. Stella
A Limbert. Attilio S. Musacte. Henry R.y.-r.r. George A. Mortattt. BueU C. Nelscn,
AI .a B.O"Krten. Lert B. gh'.pley. Albert Faus-Ma.rg£!^t Ac^e Watson. Edward Ellii
6 ;»ntiflc juniors—Jay V. Curr&n. Eutene J.Fome*. Thomae W. Forsyth, Koah E. Gyle,n*«Jter Marshall. Frank M. MacFee. John J.UcKcoo, Tbonias J. McKeon. N. A. McLaugh-..:. K'.bert J. Miller. Georg* J. Presley, JamesB. S-horn. Clinton H, Staubrldee.
DRAWING DEPARTMENT.
C^—iScat«6 of Trork accomplished—
TobyI>»ira-ald, William Bateman, Clarenc* BUler,Rodaer Chlsholm. Alexander Henderson. C. Ko-fMrr.oto. J. «J. Morrison, Anton Mathlesen. El-Eacr A. FriSlcy. Edward Urown, Joseph Clark.,'-'.n Fahey, Alfred <J. Kays. Ralph Maurer.O rpe A. Miller. George Pleasant. H. Thomp-roa, Wayland E. Jonea. B_ Cunningham. Har-i J. Crai*, Carl Walker. Frank A. Hicks,•i. MiET.usen. Wiifred Robinson. John F. Allen,
liirielClanry. Horace. Conyere. Joseph Felix,.Jarr.r-s Fortune, Andrew K. Haes>, StanleyLewln. William A. Mackey, Henry McKellops.L^n Sioffat. George Peterson. F. A. techoen-r:ein. Chrt« Muw, James Stewart. LeonardThoistf, Toku Taksra. A. E. Smith. MalcolmTurner, B. Itusf*11 Wood. George Sammy. JackWeils. Clifford Blatx n, Alven Martin. Olof OI-eon, William J. Petens. Anton gchmltz, Wal-lace E. Stuhr. Cherter W. Ripley. Willlaia Mc-I^r.nan. Frank Hawton. Harold G. Lellich.Henry B. Smith. Arthur R. Bird. FrederickBirdsa'.I. Cfcaries Darby, Harry J. Down. JamesT. Ducran, Welter Goldstein. Alex W. Hesa,SI. Vf. Howard. Mehille H«rzoff. Edward L.Voy. r>avi<l Johns. Carlton V. Lao«, GeorgeT. Law-son. William H. Ohraen, Grant BShipley, Reuben TeUarn. William Thiele. JesseO. TunrJcliSe. Oscar von BirMfl,James Knox.Frank Heuer, Albert Terkelson, Arthur Jo-tasnsen.
The following- constituted the evening'sprogramme:
Overture, orchestra: Introductory remarks;Falutatory Thomas W. Forsyth; tenor eolo.<J«~.n:e V.aUaoe. Ef*&j-—The Application ofI>rawin« to <a) Comrn'rOT, B. Russell Wood;'b) Vechanie*. Reuben Tellam; <c> Arch*tec-tur*. Toby BearwiM. College songs. HumboldtIXrni&gSrhool Gleo Club; «*ay, "A Soldier'sTrip to Cuba," Robert E. Balr.es; presentationrt df-bating team; essaj-. "Aspiration and In-spiration." Marram Watson; cornet solo,'ie^rre Rupe; «>?ay. "The Advancement ofScience ia the Nineteenth Cer.tury." Otto C.I'fterwn; recitation, Dorothea Frazler; borkHjrr.b^IdtEieninK School Quaru-t; valedictory,•"Chivalry. Medle-val and Modern." Ueatric-e v!Kiililea.;presentation of awards, r»Ir»ctor Den-man; s.iiire.<K, President Mark; "America," bythe auiilcr.ee.
Dancing: brought the evening to a close.
DIPLOMAS AWABDZD TO AXL.
rcrty-Four Pupils of Mission Gram-mar School Graduated.
TAa ninth grade pupils of the MissionGrammar School graduated with appro-priate exercises yesterday afternoon. Thefollowingprogramme was presented:
Remarks rj- Prwlient Charles Gunn; p!anorile. M: Mabel O'Connor; «mj, Mies CarrieJ'ur^ell; duet. Mifs Minnie Budd and Miss Nel-lie Van Curen; mandolin and guitar duet, Johnand Henry I>resch*>r; piano duet. MIm Con-nante Schmlts and Leo Hillenbrand; pianosolo. M:s?s Schmltr.
Every pupil in the ninth grade wasgraduated. Miss Sullivan, the teacher,presented the diplomas amid great en-thusiasm. Mips Crowley made the pre-sentation of the medals.
The graduates are as follows:L?o Hillenbrand. John Drescher. Carrie Man-
ptls. Aima I^ran. Erneft Leeds, Annie Rom.Harmon Fischer, Ethel- January, Artiy!:s'hfr, Cora l^aederich. Jesrie Lett«. Agnes« ¦onnclly. Carl Qucllmalz, Charles Gunn. KatieSlcCullouph. Henabslle Nichols, Dora Mulling,Ida Scfcmitt. Eliza Chalmers. Frank Brick-»-o/J«»l. Annte O'Connor, Anna Behulonan.Charles Halton. Ed W. Enselbrlfftu, NataliaClarke. B*>!1«" Taylor, Kriesia von Bulow. RuthA11«ti. Cnrj-ytal Ford. Jotwphfne Vnfried. Har-riet Love, Oliver Flahavan. Anna Barthold.Irrr.e Anderson. Jennie Nalf*ko*ka. HelenCampbell. Lizzie lYentir*. Frank Richter,<)i-,rut- Omy. Emma Ki.«ch*r. Roth Ha.*kell.A!l.:n Malrnberj:. Willie Newburper and Blaineliexburch.
The pupils who received medals are L«eoHillenbrand. John Drescher. Carrie Man-pels and Alma Erran.
SFBIKG VALLEY GRADUATES.
Diplomas and Medals Are Awardedto Deserving Pupils.
Tko members of the ninth grade of theFpring Valley Grammar School assembledin the auditorium of the school yesterdayto receive their diplomas and medals. Theyoung: ladies were all charmingly gownedin white and made a pretty picture asthey stood and voiced the song of wel-
Splendid Exercises in WhichGraduating Class Par-
ticipates.Parents Applaud While Bright Schol-
ars Are Given the Just Rewardof 1heir Excellent
DENMAN PUPILSRECEIVE MEDALS
ANDDIPLOMAS
The Day Parade Committee WillAsk
Every County to Participatein the Grand Demon-
stration.
At tho last session of the joint ninth ofSeptember committee of the Native Sonsof the Golden West Charles H. Turner,chairman of the naval parade committee,
was authorized to appoint seven personsnot members of the general committee,six of whom should not be :members ofthe order. Yesterday Mr. Turner made
the following appointments: John D.Spreckels. who shall be commodore of thenaval parade; Captain N. T. James of theNaval Militia;Captain William G. Leale,
chairman of the .fllot Commissioners; P.H. Barber, the pioneer pilot and head ofthe San Francisco Pilots; Allen M. Clay,secretary of the Bank of California andex-coromoaore of the California YachtClub; and Al Pryor of the Piper-Aden-Gcoaali company. The seventh is Ad-miral H. H. jjryaen, who was appointeda few tiays since. '.These gentlemen willlend their assistance to the committee to
the er.a that tne naval parade snail sur-pass any otncr display ot this nature everseen on can rranciseu bay. .
At a meeting ui me o.uy parade commit-tee, heia at lue neauquariers in the Pal-ace Hotel, lieutenant Coionel Boxton,
chief oi staff, suggested that it would bta gooa iuea tor tu« dative aons to confera truiy caniornia name on the park onThineer.tn street, and that it should^ bededicaic-a bv them on tne ninth of bep-temcer. This committee will send invita-tions to omclals in every county in theState to participate in the celebration.Each county will be asKed to contributea float tor the parade. Major GeneralShatter. will oe asKed to co-operate with
the Native Sons, and It was stated thathe would consent to do so. Hereafter tnecommittee win meet every Wednesday.Next week the conierence committee willmeet tne parade committee.
Otto Liming of OaKtano. sent word toheadquarters that he would furnish twobeautitully decorated carriages for theparade and that he would use his influ-ence to have others do tr-.e same.
San Francisco Parlor will parade 100strong on black horses and willbe preced-ed by a band of twenty-live pieces. Theuniform will be black, with soft blackhats, the saddle clotns to be trimmed withyellow. The men on horses will bo fol-lowed by a large float. Thomas T. Stackhas been appointed aid to the grand mar-shal from this parlor.
Mission Panor has sent ina request thatDel B. Bowley.one of its members, be ap-pointed a division marshal.. National Parior win wear a uniform to
consist ot biack pantaloons, with a goldstripe down the s:de. black shirt, softblack hat and a yellow scarf. Each mem-ber willalso wear a gold tie and a hand-some badge adorned with the srolden pop-py. On tne night of the 7th of Septemberthis parlcr will give a grand reception atthe Terhau Tavern. .
Chairman Kerrigan of the ball commu-tes is of the opinion that the grand ballshould close the festivities and that atthat time the souvenir of the event shcuidbe distributed.
John D. Spreckels Chosenfor Commodore of the
Big Naval Event.
NATIVE SONSWORKING FOR
THE JUBILEE
THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, FRIDAY, JUNE 15, 1900.
THE CALL'SHOME STUDY CIRCLE
9
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