GRAMMAR

Special Features

66 Comprehensive grammar notes

66 Exercises that develop language skills

66 Additional Revision Tests

01_P017R1_P5Grammar&VocabularyCSS2CGramUnits.indd 1 10/2/2018 5:44:47 PM

Contents

Unit Topic Page

1 Definite and Indefinite Articles 1

2 Nouns – Introduction to Nouns And Forming Nouns 7

3 Nouns – Countable And Uncountable Nouns 15

4 Nouns - Proper Nouns 21

5 Nouns - Collective Nouns 26

6 Agreement 30

7 Gender 41

8 Possession (Nouns, Adjectives and Pronouns) 47

9 Forming Nouns 57

10 Forming Verbs And Forms of the Verbs 67

11 Simple Present And Past Tenses 75

12 Present And Past Continuous Tenses 83

13 Present And Past Perfect Tenses 93

14 Present And Past Perfect Continuous Tenses 98

15 Relative Pronouns 105

16 Simple Future Tense and ‘Going To’ Form 113

17 Infinitives 118

18 Modal and Semi-modal Verbs 125

19 Introducing Adjectives 132

20 Forming Adjectives And Comparison of Adjectives 140

21 Introducing Adverbs And Forming Adverbs 149

22 Prepositions 158

23 Personal Pronouns 164

24 Adverbial Clauses 169

25 Answers 177

1PRIMARY 5 GRAMMAR

Definite and Indefinite Articles

Indefinite ArticlesWe call ‘a’ and ‘an’ Indefinite Articles.

We use ‘a’ before a noun which begins with a consonant sound.

Examples: This is a fern leaf plant.

We caught a salmon fish.

Lisa is wearing a uniform.

We use ‘an’ for nouns that begin with a vowel sound or a silent ‘h’.

Examples: This task took me an hour.

Sam broke an egg.

He is an honest man.

Definite Article

‘The’ is used when we refer to a particular thing. We also use ‘the’ to refer to something

that exists as one and only (e.g. the sun, the moon) and with superlatives (e.g. the ‘prettiest’

and ‘the heaviest’). We can also use ‘the’ when mentioning something for the second time.

Sometimes, we also use ‘the’ before names of rivers, mountain ranges, seas and particular

places (such as ‘the Himalayas’ and ‘the Dead Sea’).

However, we do not use ‘the’ before the name of a road, a game or a mountain (For

example, it is wrong to say: the Mount Everest, the Wellington Road, the Monopoly).

PRIMARY 5 GRAMMAR2

Exercise 1AFill in each blank with ‘a’ or ‘an’.

Example: ________________ balloon

________________a

balloon

1. _______________ encyclopaedia 2. _______________ tricycle

3. _______________ honest man 4. _______________ heir

5. _______________ basket 6. _______________ young heir

7. _______________ radio 8. _______________ dictionary

9. _______________ racket 10. _______________ uniform

11. _______________ ant 12. _______________ old man

13. _______________ rainbow 14. _______________ maggot

15. _______________ soldier 16. _______________ bicycle

17. _______________ programme 18. _______________ hour

19. _______________ university 20. _______________ biscuit

21. _______________ egg 22. _______________ destination

23. _______________ situation 24. _______________ odd number

25. _______________ onion 26. _______________ brochure

27. _______________ comedy 28. _______________ magazine

29. _______________ anomaly 30. _______________ DVD Player

3PRIMARY 5 GRAMMAR

Exercise 1BFill in each blank with ‘a’ or ‘an’.

Example: _______________ popsicle

_______________a

popsicle

1. _______________ mountain 2. _______________ example

3. _______________ umbrella 4. _______________ arm

5. _______________ American 6. _______________ chair

7. _______________ beverage 8. _______________ parcel

9. _______________ restaurant 10. _______________ envelope

11. _______________ urn 12. _______________ river

13. _______________ unlucky day 14. _______________ animal

15. _______________ game 16. _______________ racquet

17. _______________ obstacle 18. _______________ Indian

19. _______________ salutation 20. _______________ dream

21. _______________ drawer 22. _______________ butcher

23. _______________ objective 24. _______________ university

25. _______________ uninvited visitor 26. _______________ intelligent child

27. _______________ headache 28. _______________ watermelon

29. _______________ chore 30. _______________ oak tree

PRIMARY 5 GRAMMAR4

Exercise 1CFill in each blank with ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’, only where necessary.

Example: Sean found ________________ ring on ________________ carpet.

Sean found ________________a

ring on ________________the

carpet.

1. Our ship crossed _______________ Atlantic Ocean.

2. Frank ordered _______________ meatball sandwich and _______________ egg benedict.

3. Playing at home, Rachel kicked _______________ beach ball and it flew out of _______________ window.

4. I caught _______________ fish at my _______________ usual fishing spot today.

5. Do not leave _______________ room without my permission.

6. _______________ postman delivers letters.

7. _______________ rain was very heavy yesterday.

8. _______________ word ‘witty’ can be used to describe me.

9. Debra is _______________ tallest girl that I know.

10. I opened _______________ present that my aunt gave me.

5PRIMARY 5 GRAMMAR

11. They had lunch together at _______________ cosy little cafe where I met Thomas.

12. I injured my shin in _______________ game last week.

13. _______________ stars glittered in _______________ sky.

14. You have only _______________ hour to complete _______________ homework.

15. This is _______________ most expensive watch that I have ever had.

16. Grandmother baked _______________ pie and some lasagna.

17. Larry heard _______________ music from coming from _______________ lounge.

18. We brush our teeth twice _______________ day.

PRIMARY 5 GRAMMAR6

Exercise 1DFill in the passage with either ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’.

It was (1) _______________ sunny day at the beach and Rick was lying on

(2) _______________ sand and his legs were in (3) _______________ water. He propped

himself up on his left hand and proceeded to enjoy the moment.

He was enjoying (4) ____________ sunlight and the cool waters with (5) _____________

waves slowly lapping up against him when he noticed (6) _______________ ant quickly

approaching his left hand.

It was carrying such a huge piece of leaf that it dwarfed (7) _______________ already

small ant. Rick thought to himself that surely ants cannot carry such loads.

Besides, (8) _______________ ant was going too close to (9) _______________ water.

It is probably lost. Rick casually lifted his left hand for (10) _______________ ant to pass.

Rick watched as (11) _____________ ant made its way along the shoreline. Suddenly,

up ahead, (12) _____________ ant, a second one, approached from (13) _____________

opposite direction and simply bumped into this one.

After (14) _______________ little confusion, both ants decided to carry

(15) _______________ piece of leaf together and so they went in yet another direction.

7PRIMARY 5 GRAMMAR

Nouns – Introduction of Nouns and Forming Nouns

Nouns – Introduction of Nouns and Forming NounsA noun or a common noun is the general name of a person, animal, place or thing.

Examples: sun, wind, bus, flower, castle

A noun can be expressed in singular or plural forms.

Examples: a muffin (singular)that clock (singular)these handbags (plural)those buses (plural)

We can change a noun from the singular to the plural form through several ways.

(a) By adding ‘-s’

Examples: joke – jokes

lantern – lanterns

(b) By adding ‘-s’ to some nouns ending in –y

Examples: key – keys

way – ways

(c) By adding ‘-es’

Examples: mango – mangoes

glass – glasses

(d) By changing ‘-y’ that follows a consonant into ‘-ies’

Examples: lady – ladies

candy – candies

PRIMARY 5 GRAMMAR8

(e) By changing ‘-f’ or ‘-fe’ into ‘-ves’

Examples: thief – thieves

wife – wives

(f) By changing the vowels in the nouns

Examples: mouse – mice

foot – feet

(g) By adding ‘-en’

Examples: ox –oxen

child – children

(h) However, some nouns have only one form whether they are singular or plural

Examples: cattle

information

(i) Some nouns always have an -s at the end

Examples: news

politics

(j) The plural forms of some compound nouns have an (-s) added to the main word

Examples: son-in-law – sons-in-law

passer-by – passers-by