Grammar Review By Ms. Vicki

Topics of This Presentation

Simple Past

Past Progressive

Past Perfect

Passive

Modal Verbs

Present Perfect

Future

Simple Past(+ ed or irregular)

1. a finished action in the past - She left yesterday.

2. actions that are listed like a story - Shahd walked into class at 10:53. She said hi to Lama. Then she took off her abaya and sat down.

3. past situations or habits - She used to live in Mecca, but now she and her family live in Jeddah.

Past Continuous(was/were + verb (ing)

1. longer actions that are not finished - Bashayer was reading a book during the flight, but Rola watched a movie.

2. for descriptions - Mayan was wearing some new jeans.

3. an interrupted past activity - When Asma’s phone rang, she was taking a shower.

Past Perfect (before)(has/have + pp)

1. 2 actions in the past, show which one was first When Hanan got home, her mother had already cooked dinner.

Passive (be) + pp

1. don’t know/care who -Camels are raised in KSA.

2. to stress or give importance to the object - Rola was born in the spring.

(Fatima bore Rola in the spring. Note: We never say this. We always use the passive form “was born.”)

Modal Verbs(modal + infinitive form)

1. have to/must = requirement, not optionalIn KSA, women have to / must wear abayas.

2. must = something that has to be trueI can’t find my phone, but it must be here.

3. should/ought to = strong adviceYou ought to/should study for the quiz.

4. can/(be) allowed to = ableYou can/are allowed to leave now.

Passive(be) + pp

We don’t know or don’t care who

We want to stress the object

Future

1. will - when you decide at the time, NOT a plan

2. (be) going to - used for PLANS

3. will or be going to - used for predictions

Tomorrow is going to be hot.Tomorrow will be hot.

Present Perfecthave/has + pp

We will study later! Now, just know you cannot use present perfect with a specific time.

I saw the movie yesterday. (specific time + past)

I have seen the movie. (no specific time)