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Grammar Form Use

Word order in questions

Questions with

do, does, did

Questions withbe

(Question word) + Aux. + Subject + Infinitive

Where do you live?

Does he live in in NS?

What did you do yesterday? (Question word + be + Subject + (adjective, noun, verb-ing..)

Is he a student?

What are they doing?Where were you yesterday?

Present Simple

Adverbs and

expressions offrequency

I/you/we/they + Infinitive He/she/it + verb + -s

+ I usually go for a walk in the

evening

He speaks English very well.

- They dont live near here. She doesnt like me.

? What sort of music do you like? Where does he live?

Do you like classical music? Does he live in NS?

Yes, I do./ No, I dont Yes, he does./ No, he doesnt.

Adverbs of frequency always, often, sometimes, usually, hardly ever,

never

Subject + Adverb of frequency + verb

. He often goes out.

Subject + be + Adverb of frequency

She is always late.

Expressions of frequency (every day, once a week) usually go at the end

of a sentence.

I have English classes twice a week.

Present Simple is

used to talk aboutthings we do every

day, week, year or

which are always

true.

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Present Continuous Subject + Be + verb + -ing

+ Im listening to music.- Im not listening to music.? Are you listening to music? Yes, I am./ No, Im not

What are you doing?

Present Continuous

is used to talk aboutthings happening

now, at this

moment.

Defining relative clauses Who for a person - A cook is a person who works in a restaurant.

Which for a thing - A clock is a thing which tells the time.

Wherefor a place - A post office is a place whereyou can buy stamps.

We use relative

clauses to explainwhat a place, thing,

or person is or does.

Past Simple Regular verbs: Subject + verb + -ed

I visited my relatives yesterday evening.

Irregular verbs: Subject + irregular verb past form

. We went to Spain last year.

- They didnt go shopping last weekend.? Did you enjoy your holiday? Yes, I did. / No, I didnt.

Where did you go on holiday last year?

Past Simple is used

to talk aboutfinished actions in

the past.

So, because, but,

although

I was very tiredso I went to bed.

I went to bed because I was very tired.Although I was very tired I didnt go to bed.

It was late butI couldnt sleep.

so result

because reason

although and but-

contrast

Present

Continuous forfuturearrangements

Time expressions

Common verbs

Subject + Be + verb + -ing

? What are you doing tonight?+ Im working out.- Im not working tomorrow.

Tonight, tomorrow, this weekend

Leave, go, come, meet, see, arrive

We are leaving tomorrow morning.

Im meeting my boss for lunch.

Present Continuous

for futurearrangements isused to talk aboutthings which we

have planned for a

fixed time or

place.

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Future with Going to Be + going to + Infinitive

+ Im going to visit my grandmother next weekend.- Hes not going to tell us what happened.

? Where are you going to stay?

going to + infinitive

is used to talk aboutfuture plans and

predictions.

Plan

Im goingto cook tonight.PredictionLook at the sky. Its goingto rain.

Future with Will/wont

Predictions

Promises

Offers

Unplanned

decisions

Will/wont + Infinitive

Im sure Ill pass the exam.

Ill always love you. I wont tell anyone.

Illhelp you. Shall I help you?

Illhave a steak.

We use will/wont+ infinitive formaking instant

decisions, offering

and promising

Present Perfect

(experience witheverand never)

withjust,

already and

yet.

Have/has + Subject + Past Participle

Have you ever been to Spain?

She has visited many countries.I have neverbeen to Island.

+ Ive already done my homework.Ivejust done my homework.

- I havent done my homeworkyet.? Have you done your homeworkyet?

Present Perfect isused to talk aboutpast experience

when you dont

say exactly when

they happened.

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Comparatives andSuperlatives

Short adjectives adjective + -er(comparative)

- est(superlative)

Long adjectives more + adjective

the most+ adjective

Adjective Comparative Superlative

short shorter the shortest

big bigger the biggest

busy busier the busiest

excited more excited the most excited

goodbad

far

betterworse

further

the bestthe worst

the furthest

Examples: My brothers tallerthan me.Im more relaxed than my brother.

Hes the tallest in our class.

Shes the most beautiful in our family.

as + adjective + as

My sister is as beautiful as me.Im not as tall as my brother.

Use comparativeadjectives to

compare people and

things.

Use the +superlativeadjectives to say

which is thebiggest, the tallest,

the most beautiful

in a group.

We use than after

comparativesolder than, biggerthan