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GRAMMAR II

COMPILATION

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Simple Past

Most verbs conjugate by adding -ed like the verb "wait" below.

Positive Negative Question

I waited. I did not wait. Did I wait?

You waited. You did not wait. Did you wait?

We waited. We did not wait. Did we wait?

They waited. They did not wait. Did they wait?

He waited. He did not wait. Did he wait?

She waited. She did not wait. Did she wait?

It waited. It did not wait. Did it wait?

The past simple tense and past participle of all regular verbs end in -ed.

For example: work, worked, worked

The question is, how do we pronounce the -ed?

The answer is, in 3 ways: /ɪd/ /t/ /d/ Voiced Consonants vs. Voiceless Consonants A voiced consonant (or sound) means that it uses the vocal cords and they produce a vibration or humming sound in the throat when they are said. Put your finger on your throat and then pronounce the letter L. You will notice a slight vibration in your neck / throat. That is because it is a voiced sound.

A voiceless sound (sometimes called an unvoiced sound) is when there is no vibration in your throat and the sound comes from the mouth area. Pronounce the letter P. You will notice how it comes from your mouth (in fact near your lips at the front of your mouth). The P sound doesn't come from your throat.

1. The / id / sound 2. The / t / sound 3. The / d / sound

If the last letter of the word is

spelled with D or T, the ED is

pronounced as a separate syllable

with an /id/ sound (it rhymes with

kid and lid).

If the last consonant of the word

is voiceless, then the ED is

pronounced as a T. Be careful

not to create an extra syllable or

"id" sound.

If the last letter of the words ends

in a voiced consonant (or sound),

then the ED is pronounced like a D

(without creating another syllable)

wanted talked played

waited kissed closed

needed helped opened

folded worked lived

http://www.grammar.cl/english/pronunciation-ed.htm

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I. Place the verbs into the correct columns below. There are ten answers for each column.

-allowed -flooded -asked -guessed -cracked -included -jailed -damaged -killed -decided -landed -encouraged -loved -ended -missed -cried -mixed -pasted -relaxed -repeated -shaved -slipped -stopped -tasted -visited -wasted -washed -watched -welcomed -yawned

/Id / /t / /d /

Read the story and write the –ed ending to the following past tense regular verbs. Write /t/ , /d/ , /id/ when corresponds.

The Bank Robbery It was 80 degrees in the shade. A man wearing a heavy army jacket, a pullover wool cap, and dark sunglasses

walked /__/ into the First American Bank at the corner of Maple and Main streets in downtown Short Beach.

The man walked /__/ up to the teller and held up a hand grenade for all to see. He said, “Give me all your

money, all the money in this bank, right now!”

Everyone in the lobby screamed /__/ and started /__/ running, even the security guard. Nervously, the young

female teller handed /__/ the man three big bags loaded /__/ with cash. He walked /__/ out the door. A second

later, one of the moneybags exploded /__/, covering him with something red on all over his face. He yelled /__/

in pain and surprise, and started /__/ walking around in circles because he couldn't see where he was going.

He couldn‟t see, but he could hear. He heard the police siren get closer. Then he heard the police tell him to

get down on his stomach on the sidewalk and put his hands behind his back. They handcuffed /__/ him and

placed /__/ him in the back of the police car.

Seeing the hand grenade on the sidewalk, the police told everyone to get back. They sealed/__/ off the whole

block and called/__/ the bomb squad. The bomb squad (a group of professionals disabling bombs) came and

examined /__/ the hand grenade. Then they laughed /__/. They told the police it was a fake. The hand

grenade was actually a harmless dummy, something a 12-year-old might play with.

The police chuckled /__/. The bank employees returned/__/ to work. The bank customers returned/__/ to their

lines. The bank robber, hopefully, would never return.

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Many verbs, such as "have," take irregular forms in the Simple Past. Notice that you only use the

irregular verbs in statements. In negative forms and questions, "did" indicates Simple Past.

Positive Negative Question

I had. I did not have. Did I have?

You had. You did not have. Did you have?

We had. We did not have. Did we have?

They had. They did not have. Did they have?

He had. He did not have. Did he have?

She had. She did not have. Did she have?

It had. It did not have. Did it have?

The verb "be" is also irregular in the Simple Past. Unlike other irregular verbs, there are two

Simple Past forms: "was" and "were." It also has different question forms and negative forms. Always remember that you DO NOT use "did" with the verb "be" in the Simple Past.

Positive Negative Question

I was. I was not. Was I?

You were. You were not. Were you?

We were. We were not. Were we?

They were. They were not. Were they?

He was. He was not. Was he?

She was. She was not. Was she?

It was. It was not. Was it?

I. Complete the text with the correct past simple form of the verbs in the box.

-be -go -see -meet -have

We (1)_________ to New York for a short vacation last week. It (2) __________ great! We

(3)_________our friends who live there. They _____________(4) really nice to us. We (5) _________ to

the Museum of Modern Art, where we (6) _____________some beautiful pictures, and we (7)

_________ dinner at Soho. Afterwards, we (8) ________ some friends of theirs in a bar. We also (9)

_________ a really fantastic Brazilian movie. We (10) ___________ a lot of fun.

II. Change the sentences into negative sentences.

1. Our teacher arrived on time. ________________________________________

2. Sue was at home last night. ________________________________________

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3. We saw Harry Potter yesterday. _____________________________________

4. I did the laundry last Monday. _______________________________________

5. They were not at the mall. ________________________________________

6. I went to bed early last night.________________________________________

7. The shops sell clothes. ____________________________________________

8. Sam caught the ball. _______________________________________________

9. I lost my mobile phone. _____________________________________________

10. I eat too much. __________________________________________________

III. Write the words in order to make questions.

1. Did/ how/ become/Shakira/famous/?__________________________________

2. Were/?/the/famous/When/Doors______________________________________

3. The/Doors„/were/fans/? / who________________________________________

4. Do/about/what/know/Rolling Stones/?/the/you___________________________

5. You/bands/like U2/? / did/ like________________________________________

IV. Read the sentences and make questions with the information in parentheses.

1. We had fun last night. (what/do) __What did you do?

2. We went out. (where/go) _______________________________________________

3. We saw friends.(who/see) ______________________________________________

4. I bought something yesterday. (what/buy)____________________________________

5. We went to the movies. (what/see) _______________________________________

6. I saw an Italian movie. (like/it) _________________________________________

7. I had an exam yesterday. (exam/hard) _____________________________________

8. We went to a great restaurant.(What/have)__________________________________

9. I went to the movies last night. (see/Harry Potter)_____________________________

IV. Interview your classmates and find one for each of the categories.

FIND SOMEONE WHO:

1. wrote an email yesterday? ________________ 6. was born in September? ______________

2. watched a movie last weekend? _______________ 7. arrived late to class? _______________

3. got good grades last term? ________________ 8. was married in 2014? ______________

4. woke up before 6 am today? ________________ 9. was absent last class? _______________

5. ate fish last week/ _________________ 10. went to bed late last night/? ____________

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V. People are talking about their vacations. Are these statements TRUE or FALSE? Listen and mark with an X the correct answer. TRACK UNIT 5 TEST 1

TRUE FALSE 1. She arrived today and leaves January 3rd.

2. He arrived on the 22nd and leaves on the 31st. 3. She arrived on the 3rd and leaves on the 10th

4. He arrived on the 13th and leaves on the 15th. 5. They arrived on June 2nd and leave September 2nd.

VI. Ellen is taking messages for her roommate, Maria. Listen and write the dates and times. TRACK UNIT 5 TEST 2

DATE TIME 1 4 /2

2 3

VII. Listen and check (X) what George and Lisa did. TRACK George and Lisa

GEORGE LISA

CONVERSATION 1

bought steaks painted the bathroom

bought coffee and sugar cleaned the kitchen bought cookies

bought soda returned library books

CONVERSATION 2

bought cat food painted the bathroom bought toy tor cat talked to my sister

went for coffee with my sister CONVERSATION 3

mailed letters went to the movies

bought stamps watched TV

rode my bike CONVERSATION 4

bought bread made a tuna sandwich

bought cookies painted the bathroom bought paint

left town

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Yesterday – “The Beatles” Listen to this song and complete the lyrics with the past simple of the verbs in the box.

Yesterday,

all my troubles ______________ so far away. Now it looks as though they're here to stay.

Oh, I believe in yesterday.

Suddenly,

I'm not half the man I ______________ to be, There's a shadow hanging over me,

Oh, yesterday ______________ suddenly.

Why she ______________ to go, I don't know she wouldn't say.

I ______________ something wrong,

now I long for yesterday.

Yesterday, love ______________ such an easy game to play.

Now I need a place to hide away.

Oh, I believe in yesterday.

Why she ______________ to go I don't know, she wouldn't say.

I ______________ something wrong,

now I long for yesterday.

Yesterday, love ______________ such an easy game to play,

now I need a place to hide away.

Oh, I believe in yesterday. Mm mm mm mm mm mm mm.

USE- COME- SEEMS- BE- HAVE- SAY

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MR. BEAN’S SANDWICH Video activity – Past Simple

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jtqpuYvOfHY&list=RDjtqpuYvOfHY#t=15

A. Put the verbs in brackets in the past. Then watch the video and mark the statements T (true) or F

(false).

a) Mr. Bean ________________________ (be) at the park. ( )

b) Two men ________________________ (be) with him on the park bench. ( )

c) He ________________________ (take) out some bread to make a sandwich. ( )

d) He ________________________ (drink) some coffee. ( )

e) He ________________________ (get) some chicken from the inside pocket of his jacket. ( )

f) The man who ________________________ (sit) next to Mr. Bean ________________________ (give) him

a sandwich. ( )

g) The man ________________________ (stop) eating to help Mr. Bean make his sandwich. ( )

h) Mr. Bean ________________________ (have) some fish in a jar. ( )

B. Write the verbs in the past and watch the video again. Put the sentences below in the correct order.

a) ...……. He ___________________________ (take) out some butter.

b) ………. He ___________________________ (get) some bread from inside his jacket.

c) ………. He ___________________________ (make) some tea.

d) ………. He___________________________ (put) the lettuce in a sock.

e) ………. He ___________________________ (drink) some milk.

f) ………. He ___________________________ (wash) the lettuce.

g) ………. He ___________________________ (see) the man eating a sandwich.

h) ………. He ___________________________ (use) his credit card to spread the butter.

i) ………. He ___________________________ (cut) two slices of bread.

j) ………. He ___________________________ (eat) the sandwich.

k) ………. He ___________________________ (drop) his sandwich.

l) ………. He ___________________________ (hit) the fish on the bench.

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C. Now ask the appropriate questions according to the underlined parts of the answers.

a) ___________________________________________________________________________?

No, he went to the park during the day.

b) ___________________________________________________________________________?

He had all the ingredients for his sandwich inside his jacket.

c) ___________________________________________________________________________ ?

He cut the bread using a pair of scissors.

d) ___________________________________________________________________________?

He gave him half of his sandwich because Mr. Bean dropped his sandwich.

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There was / There were

Affirmative Negative

There was a match yesterday. There were a lot of people at the concert.

There wasn’t any fruit in the fridge. There weren’t many people in the shop.

Questions Short answers

Affirmative Negative

Was there a mountain on the island? Were there a lot of statues in the museum?

Yes, there was. Yes, there were.

No, there wasn’t. No, there weren‟t.

I. Fill in the blanks with There was, There were, Was there, Were there g

1. _______________ any famous actors in the play?

2. _______________ a wonderful film on TV on Monday night.

3. _______________ astronauts on the moon in 1969.

4. _______________ steak for lunch.

5. _______________ any sugar in the bowl?

6. _______________ a nature program on TV last night?

7. _______________ some rice in a jar.

8. _______________ many people in church.

9. _______________ a lion in the zoo.

10. ______________ a rock concert in the park last night.

II. Ask questions using Was or Were. Then answer the questions according to the pictures.

1. the man / rich / many years ago Was the man rich many years ago? No, he wasn’t. He was poor.

2. The men / on holiday / in June __________________________? _____________________

3. Dan / on a boat / last Saturday __________________________? _____________________

4. the teacher / angry / yesterday __________________________? _____________________

5. the shops / closed / on Monday afternoon __________________________? _____________________

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III. Answer the questions about yourself.

1. Were you at this school a year ago? ________________________________

2. Were you cold last night? ________________________________

3. Was your room tidy yesterday?

4. Were you worried about anything yesterday? ________________________________

5. How old were you in the year 2002? ________________________________

6. How many pupils were there in your class last year? ________________________________

IV. Choose the correct answer. Sunday 19th

David was busy this week! A week 1. before / ago, he was on holiday. 2. On / In Monday, he was

at his friend‟s house. On Tuesday, he was at school, but on Wednesday 3. morning / evening,

David and his friends were at a party. Then, three days 4. ago / last, on Thursday, David was ill in

bed! 5. Yesterday / Last morning, he was at the park. Yesterday 6. afternoon / noon, he was at

football, and 7. yesterday / last night, he was at the cinema!

V. Choose the correct verb from the list below to complete the following sentences. Put the verb in the past tense.

play / listen / paint / water / visit / mail / help / arrive / learn / watch / change / wait

1. I ________________________________ my friend in the hospital last night.

2. The boys ________________________________ baseball in the field behind the school.

3. Robert ________________________________ his wife wash the dishes.

4. We ________________________________ our living room a soft blue color.

5. Susan ________________________________ TV for two hours last night.

6. We ________________________________ planes on the way to New York.

7. I ________________________________ the letter on the way to work.

8. She ________________________________ for him for 20 minutes at the coffee shop.

9. They ________________________________ how to swim many years ago.

10. She ________________________________ the flowers in the garden yesterday.

11. The students ________________________________ late for class.

12. We ________________________________ to the radio until midnight.

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Past Simple Irregular Verbs Crossword

Across

1 The weather was great! The sun ***** all day! 3 I *** $10,000 in the Jumbo Lottery! 4 I *** breakfast very early today. 5 My new suit **** $300. 7 When I was a kid, I often ****** with my brother. 8 I **** British Airways to America last year. 11 Susie *** up very late last weekend. 12 I *********** the question. 16 Tom **** four books last month 17 Andrew **** in the sea yesterday. 18 I dropped my Walkman, and it *****.

Down

1 I ***** to an American for the first time. 2 Jill threw the ball, and I ******* it. 3 My mother **** shopping yesterday. 6 I ****** some fruit at the supermarket. 9 James **** up at 9:00. 10 I ***** ten Pounds in the street. 13 He ***** to work in his new car. 14 I *** a good movie last weekend. 15 My boss ***** too much at the office party.

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VII. Write the questions. Follow the example given below. Ex. Did you wake up early? No I didn’t. I woke up late.

1. __________________________________________ at 7:00? No, we didn‟t. We met at 8:00.

2. ____________________________________ at the pool? No, he didn‟t. He swam in the lake.

3. ______________________________________ apples? No, she didn‟t. She bought oranges.

4. _____________________________________ French? No, they didn‟t. They spoke Spanish.

5. _______________________________________ to school? No, I didn‟t. I drove to the office.

6. ____________________________________________ on time? No, he didn‟t. He came late.

7. _______________________________________ to Paris? No, she didn‟t. She flew to Rome.

8. __________________________________________ your purse? No, I didn‟t. I lost my wallet.

9. ___________________________________ a big fish? No, he didn‟t. He caught a small one.

10. _________________________________________ a cake? No, she didn‟t. She made a pie.

VIII. Discuss the following questions with two classmates. Choose people you do not usually work with.

1. Tell me about your last vacation. Where did you go? What did you do?

2. What did you do for you last birthday?

3. When was the last time you were really excited about something?

4. Tell me about where you lived as a child.

5. Which was better for you: elementary school, or high school? Why?

6. Did you study hard in high school?

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Could / Be Able To You use either COULD or WAS/WERE ABLE TO to describe a general ability in the past.

-I could swim when I was 5 years old. -My brother was able to drive cars when he was 12 years old.

You must use WAS/WERE ABLE TO to describe a special achievement or a single event in the past.

-Finally, she was able to visit her birthday place.

You can use either COULDN'T or WASN'T/WEREN'T ABLE TO for any negative sentence describing past ability.

-We haven't been able to play tennis for a long time. Use COULD to say that something is possible, to make guesses and polite requests, to make suggestions, and to ask for and give permission.

-Could we use our dictionaries? -Could you drive me to the hospital, please? -Maybe we could go to San Francisco. -It could rain tomorrow.

Read the things Sandy could and couldn‟t do when he was ten. Write sentences about Sandy.

When Sandy was ten ... 1 Swim He could swim. / He was able to swim.

2 Ride a bike He ___________________________________

3 Play the guitar He ___________________________________

4 Speak French He ___________________________________

5 Play tennis He ___________________________________

6 Solve difficult math problems He ___________________________________

Complete the sentences using: COULD / COULDN'T / WAS - WERE ABLE TO.

1 - My uncle was very clever. He __________ speak 4 languages.

2 - My father wasn't at home when I phoned, but I ______________ contact him later.

3 - A little boy fell into the river but some men ________________ rescue him.

4 - He had forgotten to bring his camera so he ____________ take any photos of the wedding.

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5. He had hurt his leg, so he____________ walk very well.

6. She wasn't at home when I phoned but I ____________ contact her at her office.

7. I looked very carefully and I ____________ see a figure in the distance.

8. They didn't have any tomatoes in the first shop I went to, but I____________ get some in the next shop.

9. My grandmother loved music. She ____________ play the piano very well.

Used To We normally use the expression "used to" to talk about an action or, better, a habit in the past and finished. It stopped to exist at the present time. In this form the expression "used to" is used to describe a long lasting action, a state or a habit in the past. The sentence tells us indirectly that what you are talking about has ceased to exist.

-I used to go with my mother everywhere she went. (this habit stopped now as I get older)

-We used to live in a large house (but now we live in a smaller one) -Leila used to have dinner very late at night (Now she no longer does)

AFFIRMATIVE

As you might have noticed, "USED TO" is followed by a verb in the infinitive without "to" and this is the rule.

used to + verb* used to go

used to live

used to have

NEGATIVE

In this form the 'd' of "used to" is omitted because the auxiliary 'did' does its job:

did + not + use to + verb* -I didn't use to go to school by bike. (but now I do)

-Leila didn't use to wear a scarf. (but now she does)

-Eric didn't use to get up early. (but now he does)

INTERROGATIVE

Like with the negative form, when we want to ask a question about a repeated action, a state, or a habit in the past, the auxiliary 'did' takes the role of the 'd' of 'used to'. The form is as follows:

did + subj + use to + verb*

-Did she use to eat pork?

-Where did you use to spend your holidays?

-What did you use to have for breakfast when you were in China?

-Which school subject did you use to like when you were at the primary school? 5. -

-Where did they use to live?

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I. Rewrite the sentences with the correct form of used to:

She was an astronaut, but she isn‟t now. She used to be an astronaut. a. In the past, people travelled to America by ship. ________________________________ b. They had six cars, but now they‟ve only got one. ________________________________ c. He was in the team last year, but he isn‟t now. ________________________________ d. Did she have blond hair when she was younger? ________________________________ e. Did you get good grades when you were at school, Grandma? ________________________________ Complete the interview with Georgia Stump with the following phrases:

-used to work -used to get you -use to work -used to go -used to make -used to enjoy -used to have -did you use to get

Interviewer: Where were you born? Georgia: I was born in west London Interviewer: Was it a pleasant place to grow up? Georgia: No, it wasn‟t. The area _______________ a lot of factories and things, no trees at all. It has changed a lot since then. Interviewer: Did you go to school in west London? Georgia: No, I didn‟t. I _____________________ to a school about ten kilometers away. Interviewer: ____________________________ good marks at school? Georgia: No! I _______________________ mainly D and E grades and I failed all my exams. Interviewer: What were your best subjects at school? Georgia: I _____________________ music lessons most! I always liked singing really loudly. Interviewer: Did ________________________ during the holidays? Georgia: Yes, I did. I _______________________ at one of the film studios in the area. You know, just making tea and coffee. Interviewer: How did you get your first job as a film director? Georgia: I _________________________ my own short films. I made one called “Night”. The

screen was just black all the time. Really clever – black, “Night”, see? The studio bosses thought it was clever too, so they offered me a job.

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Past Progressive The past progressive tense is used to describe an action that was in progress when another action took place.

Example: He was driving to work when he saw the accident. The past continuous is used to describe an action that we were “in the middle of” at a time in the past.

–I was watching TV at 8:00pm. (I was “in the middle of watching TV” at 8:00) –Miguel was cooking at noon. (At that time, Miguel was “in the middle of cooking”)

Past continuous is very similar IN STRUCTURE to the Present Continuous tense. The only difference is that in the present continuous we use the verb to be in the present (am/is/are) but with the past continuous we use the verb to be in the past (was/were)

NOTE: We do not use the auxiliary DID with the past continuous.

Positive Negative Question

I was working. I was not working. Was I working?

You were working. You were not working. Were you working?

We were working. We were not working. Were we working?

They were working. They were not working. Were they working?

He was working. He was not working. Was he working?

She was working. She was not working. Was she working?

It was working. It was not working. Was it working?

WHEN AND WHILE

a) Simple Past + Simple Past I rushed into a store when it began to rain. event 1 event 2 (event 1 happened immediately after event 2)

b) Simple Past + Past Progressive I was walking down the street when it began to rain. event 1 event 2

(event 1 was interrupted by event 2)

c) Past Progressive + Past Progressive

While Mary was writing a letter, her children were playing outside.

event 1 event 2 (Events 1 and 2 were going on at the same time.)

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I. Choose the correct word. Dave Hi, Jenny, what (1) did you do / were you doing last weekend? Jenny I (2) was going / went to a party. Dave (3) Did you have / Were you having a good time? jenny Yes, I really (4) was enjoying / enjoyed it. I (5) met / was meeting this really nice guy.

His name‟s Danny. Dave Oh, yes? Jenny I (6) was talking / talked to my friend Paula, when Danny (7) asked / was asking me to dance. II. Complete the sentences with the correct past simple or past continuous form of the verbs in brackets. 1 She____________________(surf) when the shark _________________(attack) her. 2 He ____________________ (dance) at a party when he _______________ (meet) his girlfriend. 3 I ___________________ (have) a picnic when I _________________ (see) my sister. 4 When they ___________________ (see) the shark they __________________ (swim) in the sea. 5 Susan _____________________ (arrive) while I ________________________ (have) dinner. 6 He ______________________ (play) football, when he _________________ (break) his leg. 7 I ______________________ (wait) for my friend when the bus_________________(arrive). 8. When I _____________________ (get back) my mum ______________ (cook) dinner. III. Put in the correct tense: Past progressive or simple past.

1. While Emma and Nazarene (watch) ______________________ TV, their father (come) ____________________ in and (say) _________________________, “You‟re watching too much TV.”

2. Barker (run) _________________________ away while Jade (have) _________________________ fun at the swimming pool. He (start) ___________________ to chase Tiger. While he (chase) ___________________ Tiger, a man (throw) _________________________ a stone after him and (shout)________________ _____, “Stop it!”

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3. While his father (sleep) _____________________ , Terry (begin) _________________________ to practice. He (play) _________________________ the drums very loud. So his father (wake up) _________________________ and (be) _________________________ very angry.

4. While her father (cook) _____________________ spaghetti, Jade (play) ______________________ with the candles in the living-room. But Barker (see) _________________________ this and (bark) _________________________. Jade‟s dad then (come) _________________________ into the room and (tell) _________________________ Jade to stop.

5. While Mrs. Carter (teach) ___________________ German irregular verbs to Class 7A, Sam (try) ________________________ to write a note to a friend. But Mrs. Carter (see) ___________________ it and (give) _________________________ him some extra work. At home: When Sam‟s mother (see) _________________________ him he (do) ____________________ his extra work. She (be) _________________________ angry, too!

IV. Read each situation below and answer the following questions. Use your imagination to answer the questions in the simple past.

Example: Dan was walking to work when it started to rain.

What was Dan doing when it started to rain? He was walking to work. What did Dan do when it started to rain? He opened his umbrella and ran to the bus stop.

1. Maryann was writing a letter to her boyfriend when the electricity went out. What was Maryann doing when the lights went out? ______________________________________ What did Maryann do when the lights went out? ______________________________________ 2. Brenda was cooking dinner when she saw a mouse on the kitchen floor. What was Brenda doing when she saw the mouse? _______________________________________ What did Brenda do when she saw the mouse? __________________________________________

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3. Last week Andrew was having coffee with his beautiful new secretary when his wife came into the caf . What was Andrew doing when his wife came into the caf ? __________________________________ What did Andrew do when his wife came into the caf ? _____________________________________ 4. Kevin was painting the house when he fell off the ladder. What was Kevin doing when he fell off the ladder? _____________________________________ What did Kevin do when he fell off the ladder? _____________________________________ V. Reorder the words to complete the sentences. Use a comma if necessary. 1. you/you/doing/heard the news/were/what When you heard the news, what were you doing? 2. it/didn‟t/was/go out/raining/while We_________________________________yesterday. 3. I / you / called / were / last night When ______________________________ sleeping? 4. I/there/was/was/visiting family in Kansas/a While _______________________________ tornado. 5. I/I/learning Spanish/had/was/a good When _______________________________ teacher. 6. he/Anuman/was/left/going/ when Where _____________________________ the office? VI. Complete the questions with the past continuous or the simple past form of the verb do.

1 A: What were you doing when you heard the news? B: I was having lunch.

2 A: _____________________________ when he saw the burglar? B: He called the police.

3 A: _____________________________ when the lights went out? B: They were having dinner.

4 A: _____________________________ when he injured his ankle? B: He was working in the yard.

5 A: ____________________________ when it started to snow? B: We stopped playing and went home.

6 A: _____________________________ when she saw the shark? B: She was swimming in the sea.

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Present Perfect We use the present perfect for a situation that started in the past and continues to the present.

-I‟ve worked in marketing all my life.

-I‟ve known Karla since we were at university together.

We use the present perfect to talk about a series of actions up to the present. I‟ve visited Spain several times.

-We have made many improvements to this software in the new version.

We use the present perfect for a past event that has a present result.

-I‟ve lost their invoice – I can‟t find it anywhere. -Your taxi has arrived. See you again soon – have a safe journey!

Positive Negative Question

I have worked. I have not worked. Have I worked?

You have worked. You have not worked. Have you worked?

We have worked. We have not worked. Have we worked?

They have worked. They have not worked. Have they worked?

He has worked. He has not worked. Has he worked?

She has worked. She has not worked. Has she worked?

It has worked. It has not worked. Has it worked?

Been and gone Notice the difference between has been to and has gone to.

-She’s been to Paris means she went there and has now returned. -She’s gone to Paris means she went there but has not yet returned. She is still there.

I. Underline the correct words. Pay attention to the expressions of time.

1 Yesterday I phoned / I’ve phoned the bank about our overdraft.

2 I work / I have worked here since the end of last year.

3 I work / I have worked from home one day a week.

4 I‟m enjoying the conference. I made / I have made a lot of useful contacts.

5 I saw / I’ve seen Hugh Hopper a few days ago – he sends his regards.

6 We went / We have been to an interesting seminar last week.

7 Today has been / was really busy – and it‟s only lunchtime!

8 Today has been / was really busy. It‟s 7 pm – I‟m going home.

9 I‟m sorry but Patricia left / has left the office an hour ago.

10 Patricia? No, she isn‟t here right now. She left / has left the office.

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II. Put the verbs in brackets into either the present simple, past simple or present perfect.

1 The company is doing very well. Last year sales went up (go up) 15%, and so far this year they have gone up (go up) another 12%.

2 We _______________ (operate) all over Latin America. Recently we _______________ (set up) branches in Peru and Colombia. 3 _______________ (you/see) my laptop? I‟m sure I _______________ (leave) it here earlier. 4 This _______________ (not look) like the right block. Are you sure we _______________ (come) to the right address? 5 I _______________ (never/speak) to him, but I _______________ (speak) to his assistant on the phone yesterday. 6 I _______________ (work) for WorldCom since last year, but now I _______________ (want) to change jobs. _______________ (you/hear) of anyone taking on new staff?

Since and For

●We use for and since with the present perfect to talk about how long the action or situation existed from the past to the present. ●We use for to talk about a length of time; we use since to talk about when a period of time began.

For Since

For

four years

six months

five weeks

four days

three hours

twenty minutes

a minute

a long time

Since

1990

last year

(last) June

(last) Friday

yesterday

this morning

nine o‟clock this

morning

I moved to Tokyo

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III. Complete the sentences with for or since. 1. Mark and Yolanda have been married _for__ 22 years. 2. They have been at the same address ___________________ 1992. 3. Yolanda has been a teacher _____________ 1990. 4. Mark has been a salesman _______________ 25 years. 5. He has been with the same company _____________ 1995. 6. Now Mark is in Texas on a business trip. He has been there _________ last Monday. 7. Mark has been on four business trips ______________ last June. 8. It‟s Saturday. Yolanda is at the shopping center. She has been there_________ 10:00 this morning. She wants to get a birthday present for her son, Clark. He is 16 today. 9. Yolanda has been busy ___________ yesterday. She wants to prepare for Clark‟s birthday. 10. Right now Clark is at the school gym. He has been there _________ 9.00 this morning. 11. Clark has been at the gym ___________ three hours now. 12. He has been on the school basketball team __________ a years. 13. Clark has also been the top student in his class ___________ three years.

IV. Rose is getting ready to go away on a trip. She has had different things to do before she leaves at 7 o'clock. It is now 7 pm. Look at pictures A and B below and circle the things she has managed to do since 2 pm in picture B.

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- the shoes are dirty

- her hair is long

- the suitcase is open and empty

- there is a full cake

- the computer screen is on

- the window is open

- a notepad on the desk is blank

- her dirty car is outside the window

- the shoes are clean

- her hair is short

- the suitcase is still empty

- the cake has a couple of pieces missing

- the computer screen is off

- the window is closed

- a notepad on the desk with a message

- her car is clean

Task 1

A. A game: Find the differences in the pictures A and B above.

B. Look again at Picture B. Match the two parts of each of the sentences below.

a. She has cleaned ___ her computer b. She has cut ___ a note to Thanos c. She hasn't packed ___ her car d. She has eaten ___ her suitcase yet e. She has turned off ___ her shoes f. She hasn't closed ___ her hair g. She has written ___ some cake h. She has washed ___ the window yet

Compare your answers with your partner. Use the verbs in the note on the fridge door and write about things that you have already done or haven't done yet today.

Task 2

Examples: I have already eaten lunch. I haven't eaten lunch yet. It's only 11 am.

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Interview your classmates to see if any of them has ever done the following things. You can only repeat a name twice.

I. Find someone who…

Have you ever…? seen a lion ? (not on TV) ______________ eaten sushi? ____________ been to out of the country? _____________ watched a football match? (not on TV) _______ seen a dog bite a man? _____________ used chopsticks to eat? ____________ been in a car accident? _____________ won a prize in a raffle or in the lotto? ________ witnessed robbery? _____________ travelled to Golfito? _________ kissed someone deeply? _____________ argued with a taxi/bus driver? ____________ ridden a motorcycle ? _____________ dated someone on the internet? ___________ cheated on a boy/girlfriend? _____________ tried canopy? _____________

Present Perfect and Past simple: time expressions ●We use the present perfect with: ever, never (any time/not any time)

Have you ever seen a lion? I‟ve never seen a lion.

●just (a short time ago)

A: Is Peter here? B: No, he‟s just gone out. There he is!

●yet (not finished – with negatives and questions)

I haven‟t finished yet. Have you finished your homework yet? No, I‟m still doing it.

●already ( finished )

A: Have a sandwich? B: No thanks, I‟ve already eaten. I had lunch at 12.00.

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I. Complete these sentences with just, yet, already. 1. Would you like something to eat? No, thanks. I‟ve just had lunch (just/have) 2. Do you know where Julia is? Yes, I_____________ her. (just/see) 3. What time is David leaving? He __________ (already/leave) 4. What‟s in the newspaper today? I don‟t know. I ___________ (not/read/yet) 5. Is Ann coming to the cinema with us? No, she ___________ the film. (already/see) 6. Are your friends here yet? Yes, they ____________(just/arrive) 7. What does Tim think about your plan? I _________________ (not/tell/yet) II. Underline the correct word in each sentence. 1. Have you ever/yet visited Slovenia? 2. Tim has for/just come back from the USA. 3. I‟m not hungry. I‟ve already/since eaten. 4. Jane lived in Greece since/for fifteen years. 5. I can‟t come out. I haven‟t done my homework already/yet. 6. Mark has worked in Turkey ago/since 1998. Complete each sentence with a time word from the box.

already ever just never since yet

1. Sue has been on the beach for an hour, but she hasn‟t had a swim yet.

2. I don‟t want to see this film. I‟ve ________ seen it. 3. Have you ___________ been to the Greek island? 4. Ouch! An insect has _______ bitten me! 5. George has ___________ eaten Chinese food, so this the first time for him! 6. Rick has lived in Japan _____________ 1998.

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Present Perfect Progressive

Use of Present Perfect Progressive

to put emphasis on the duration or course of an action (not the result)

Example: She has been writing for two hours.

to express an action that recently stopped or is still going on

Example: I have been living here since 2001.

to express a finished action that influenced the present

Example: I have been working all afternoon.

Positive Negative Question

I have been working. I have not been working. Have I been working?

You have been working. You have not been working. Have you been working?

We have been working. We have not been working. Have we been working?

They have been working. They have not been working. Have they been working?

He has been working. He has not been working. Has he been working?

She has been working. She has not been working. Has she been working?

It has been working. It has not been working. Has it been working?

Study these situations:

There is paint on Kate’s clothes.

She has been painting her bedroom.

Has been painting is the present perfect continuous.

We are thinking of the activity. It does not matter whether it has been finished or not. In this example, the activity (painting the bedroom) has not been finished.

Her bedroom was green. Now it is yellow. She has painted her bedroom.

Has painted is the present perfect simple.

Here, the important thing is that something has been finished. Has painted is a completed action.

We are interested in the result of

the activity (the painted bedroom), not the activity itself.

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Compare these examples: My hands are very dirty. I’ve been repairing my bike.

Joe has been eating too much recently. He should

eat less.

It‟s nice to see you again. What have you been doing since we last met? Where have you been? Have you been playing tennis?

My bike is OK again now. I‟ve repaired it.

Somebody has eaten all the chocolates. The box is empty. Where‟s the book I gave you? What have you done with it?

Have you ever played tennis?

We use the continuous to say how long (for something that is still happening):

We use the simple to say how much, how many or how many times:

How long have you been reading that book?

Lisa is writing emails. She‟s been writing emails all morning.

They‟ve been playing tennis since 2 o‟clock.

I‟m learning Arabic, but I haven’t been learning it very long.

How much of that book have you read?

Lisa is writing emails. She‟s sent lots of emails this morning.

They‟ve played tennis three times this week.

I‟m learning Arabic, but I haven’t learnt very much yet.

Some verbs are not normally used in the continuous:

-I‟ve known about the problem for a long time. (not I’ve been knowing)

-How long have you had that camera? (not have you been having)

Verbs Not Used In Continuous Tense

feeling hate, like, love, prefer, want, wish senses appear, feel, hear, see, seem, smell, sound, taste

communication agree, deny, disagree, mean, promise, satisfy, surprise thinking believe, imagine, know, mean, realize, recognize, remember, understand other states be, belong, concern, depend, involve, matter, need, owe, own, possess

PRACTICE I. Read the situation and complete the sentences. Use the verbs in parentheses. 1. Tom started reading a book two hours ago. He is still reading it and now he is on page 53. -He has been reading for two hours. (read) -He has read 53 pages so far. (read)

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2. Rachel is from Australia. She is travelling round Europe at the moment. She began her trip three months ago.

-She ____________________________for three months. (travel)

-She ____________________________six countries so far. (visit)

3. Patrick is a tennis player. He began playing tennis when he was ten years old. This year he won the national championship again – for the fourth time. -________________________________________________ the national championship four times. (win) -________________________________________________ since he was ten. (play) 4. When they left college, Lisa and Sue started making films together. They still make films. - They _____________________________________films since they left college. (make) - They _____________________________________ five films since they left college. (make) II. For each situation, ask a question using the words in parentheses. 1. You have a friend who is learning Arabic. You ask: (how long / learn / Arabic?) How long have you been learning Arabic?

2. You have just arrived to meet a friend. She is waiting for you. You ask: (wait / long?)

Have___________________________________________?

3. You see somebody fishing by the river. You ask: (catch / any fish?)

________________________________________________________?

4. Some friends of yours are having a party next week. (how many people / invite?)

_______________________________________________________?

5. A friend of yours is a teacher. You ask: (how long / teach?)

_______________________________________________________?

6. You meet somebody who is a writer. You ask: (how many books / write?) (how long / write / books?)

-_______________________________________________________? -_______________________________________________________?

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III. Put the verb into the more suitable form, present perfect simple (I have done) or continuous (I have been doing). 1. Where have you been? Have you been playing tennis (you/play)? 2. Look! ___________________________________ (somebody / break) that window. 3. You look tired. __________________________________ (you / work) hard? 4. ________________________________________ (you / ever / work) in a factory?‟ „No, never.‟ 5. „Liz is away on holiday.‟ „Is she? Where _____________________________ (she / go)?‟ 6. My brother is an actor. ____________________________________ (he / appear) in several films. 7. „Sorry I‟m late.‟ „That‟s all right. __________________________________ (I / not / wait) long.‟ 8. „Is it still raining?‟ „No, _____________________________________ (it / stop).‟ 9. __________________ (I / lose) my phone. _________________ (you / see) it anywhere? 10. _____________________________ (I / read) the book you lent me, but ____________________ (I / not / finish) it yet. It‟s very interesting. 11. _____________________________________(I / read) the book you lent me, so you can have it back now. 12. This is a very old book. __________________________ (I / have) it since I was a child. IV. Complete B‟s answers to A‟s questions. A B 1 Paul is in hospital, isn‟t he? Yes, he has been in hospital since Monday.

2 Do you see Ann very often? No, I haven’t seen her for three months.

3 Is Amy married? Yes, she _________________________ married for ten years.

4 Are you waiting for me? Yes, I _________________________ for the last half hour.

5 You know Mel, don‟t you? Yes, we _________________________ each other a long time.

6 Do you still play tennis? No, I _________________________ tennis for years.

7 Is Joe watching TV? Yes, he _________________________ TV all evening.

8 Do you watch TV a lot? No, I _________________________ TV for ages.

9 Do you have a headache? Yes, I _________________________ a headache all morning.

10 Adrian is never ill, is he? No, he _________________________ ill since I‟ve known him.

1112 Are you feeling ill? Yes, I _________________________ ill all day.

12 Sue lives in Berlin, doesn‟t she? Yes, she _________________________ in Berlin for the for the last few weeks.

13 Do you go to the cinema a lot? No, I _________________________ to the cinema for ages.

14 Would you like to go to New York one day? Yes, I _________________________ to go to New York. ( always / want)

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V. Look at the checklist. Hank and Jake must complete these tasks by the end of next week to graduate from cooking school. Who is closer to graduating, Hank or Jake?

Complete the paragraph with the words in parentheses. Use the present perfect or present perfect progressive. Add not where necessary.

(1) Both Hank and Jake have planned (plan) a daily menu. (2) ______________________________

(complete) the online food science course yet because he was sick for two weeks. The professor is letting

him make up the final exam next week. (3) ______________________________ (already / take) the

course, so (4) ______________________________ (help) Jake study for the exam.

(5) ______________________________ (already / turn in) his food safety paper.

(6) ______________________________ (work) hard on his food safety paper, but

(7) ______________________________ (finish) it yet. (8) ______________________________ (plan)

the food budget and the menu for the holiday meal together for a few weeks.

(9) ______________________________ (serve) the holiday meal yet, but they plan to serve it next Thursday. Both hope to graduate in December. VI. Write a reason to explain each situation. Use present perfect progressive. 1. You're covered in mud! ____________________________________________________. 2. Your eyes are red. ____________________________________________________. 3. Mmm! Something smells nice. _________________________________________________. 4. You smell of alcohol! ___________________________________________________. 5. You're covered in paint! ___________________________________________________.

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Future Tense GOING TO + VERB (Infinitive form)

Use of going to Future

an action in the near future that has already been planned or prepared

example: I am going to study harder next year.

a conclusion regarding the immediate future

example: The sky is absolutely dark. It is going to rain.

Positive Negative Question

I am going to work. I am not going to work. Am I going to work?

You are going to work. You are not going to work. Are you going to work?

We are going to work. We are not going to work. Are we going to work?

They are going to work. They are not going to work. Are they going to work?

He is going to work. He is not going to work. Is he going to work?

She is going to work. She is not going to work. Is she going to work?

It is going to work. It is not going to work. Is it going to work?

I. Use going to and the words in parentheses to say what is going to happen in these situations.

1. There are a lot of black clouds in the sky. (rain) It's going to rain.

2. The cat has seen a mouse. (chase) _______________________________

3. There is a large hole in the bottom of the boat. (sink) _______________________________

4. It is 7:45 and John is asleep. His train leaves at 7:50. (miss) _______________________________

5. A car thief is looking around a car park. (steal) _______________________________

6. A bungee jumper is standing on a high bridge. (jump) _______________________________

WILL = VERB (Infinitive form) Use of will Future

a spontaneous decision example: Wait, I will help you.

an opinion, hope, uncertainty or assumption regarding the future

example: He will probably come back tomorrow.

a promise example: I will not watch TV tonight.

an action in the future that cannot be influenced / a prediction example: It will rain tomorrow.

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Positive Negative Question

I will work. I will not work. Will I work?

You will work. You will not work. Will you work?

We will work. We will not work. Will we work?

They will work. They will not work. Will they work?

He will work. He will not work. Will he work?

She will work. She will not work. Will she work?

It will work. It will not work. Will it work?

II. Choose the correct form of the verb.

1. I'll meet / I'm meeting Jane in town tonight.

2. Louise can't come. She is taking / will take the car to the garage at 5 p.m.

3. What time does your train leave / will your train leave tomorrow?

4. 'I'm very thirsty.' 'I'll get / I get you something to drink. Coke or tea?'

5. This bus is stopping / stops at every village, so it's very slow!

6. 'Did you buy some butter?' 'Oh, I forgot. I'll get / I'm getting some now.'

7. I think it rains / will rain later today.

8. 'Have you chosen a new car yet?' 'Yes, we are going to buy / we will buy a Ford Focus.'

9. 'Why have you put the TV on?' I'm going to watch / I will watch the news.'

10. 'Frank, I can't go out because I haven't got any money.' 'Don't worry. I lend you / I'll lend you some.'

11. You‟re hungry, so I am going to / will make lunch.

12. I think she will / is going to pass her exams.

13. We will have / are having dinner at 7 o‟clock tonight.

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III. Read the horoscope for teens and complete the sentences with the star signs.

HOROSCOPE

ARIES

Aries, calm down and get things straight in your head. Think about your future and make a strong decision.

Listen to your teachers on Friday. Sunday's for friends.

LIBRA

Organize your money at the beginning of the week, Libra. School or training schedules might change on Friday. Family will be important in the

weeks ahead. Sunday's a fun day for you.

TAURUS Taurus, it's time to get close. If there's someone for you, go out and enjoy

yourself. If you're on your own, keep your eyes open. A friend might do something crazy. You might come up

with a bright new idea.

SCORPIO Scorpio, you're ready for anything as the week begins! Don't do anything silly with your money

on Friday. There could be someone new in your neighborhood. Sunday's a family day. Relax at home!

GEMINI

Get on with your work, Gemini. Look after yourself. Someone's taking an interest! That's for sure! There could be

a development in your romantic life. Talk with a friend on Sunday.

SAGITTARIUS

Start slow, Sagittarius! But you can go faster as the week unfolds. It's still your time and there's a New Moon in your sign on Saturday. New

image! New directions! New romance! You choose when to put the new 'you' into action.

CANCER Problems with homework. Someone or something is putting the pressure on.

You may feel like getting out for fun. You can do that for a bit. Take care with safety on Friday. Enjoy friendship

or romance on Saturday.

CAPRICORN Friends are here, Capricorn. It's time for crazy talk and a bit of crazy action. Not too much but

just enough to loosen up! There's something going on deep inside you at the moment. Let yourself dream for a while.

LEO

Hang close with the family, Leo. You've got something new as you come into the midweek. It could be romance. It could be a new activity or project.

Watch yourself if you're doing sports on Friday.

AQUARIUS

You'll be making friends in the weeks ahead but, for now, you'll just have to follow the rules and do what you're told. There could be a change in your life. Slow down on Friday and Saturday.

You're ready to have the time of your life on Sunday!

VIRGO You'll be busy as the week begins. There may be changes in your home

life. There'll be exciting activities on Saturday but there may be work for you on Sunday.

PISCES You'll want more freedom as the week begins. You'll want to talk a lot and do things. But life

has other plans for you. Don't fight it, Pisces. The best way to do this is to listen to others and do what they ask you to do. Saturday is for

friends and fun! adapted from http://www.astrologycom.com/weeklyteen.html

1.___________________'ll have to work on Sunday.

2. ___________________and ___________________must be careful because they may have an accident on Friday.

3. ___________________'ll meet a new person in the middle of the week.

4. ___________________must be careful with money on Friday.

5. ___________________and ___________________'ll have fun on Sunday.

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III. Now, it is your turn. Choose a classmate and write a horoscope for him/her with at least four predictions. Think of funny things that will happen to him/her this week: at home, at school, on holiday. Classmate: _________________________ Zodiac Sign: _________________________________

HOROSCOPE: ________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Read this webpage. Who is the article for? ___a. teenagers ____b. parents

Happiness and success in life come easier to teens who have a positive self-image, healthy habits, and supportive parents in their lives. In order to help our teenagers focus on positive, healthy behaviors, our website offers the following New Year's Resolutions for your teens:

NEW YEAR'S RESOLUTIONS FOR TEENS

____1. I'm going to present myself in a positive way.

____2. I'm going to spend more time with people.

____3. I'm going to learn how to say “No” to things that are not good for me.

____4. I'm going to make small, healthy changes in my eating habits every day.

____5. I'm going to take better care of myself.

____6. I'm going to help someone else.

____7. I'm going to be more honest with my parents about my problems.

____8. I'm going to try new, healthy ways to deal with anger or stress.

____9. I'm going to give and ask for respect in my relationships.

____10. I'm going to find something to be thankful for every day.

Read the webpage more carefully now and match the resolutions (1-10) with the sentences (a-j).

a. For example, I'm going to volunteer for causes I care about or I'm going to make dinner for the family without being asked.

b. I'm going to spend less time on my cell phone or computer.

c. I'm not going to eat out so often.

d. I'm not going to let others treat me badly (either emotionally or physically).

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e. They really do want what's best for me and can help me even if they are angry or disappointed.

f. I'm not going to look or feel stupid about myself.

g. For example, I'm going to get more sleep, exercise, and listen to my body.

h. Being healthy and having good friends are things that can make you happy, aren't they?

i. I'm going to ask an adult when I have to make difficult choices.

j. I'm going to talk to a friend, write in a diary, or exercise (instead of doing things that

FUTURE (WILL)

WALL-E

A. BEFORE WATCHING THE MOVIE SEGMENT, DISCUSS THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS WITH A PARTNER:

1) What's your opinion about living in a time in which all your activities were performed by robots and

machines?

2) Would you like to have machines do all of your physical activities for you?

3) What would the consequences be if people didn't have to exercise at all during the whole day?

4) Would life be better or worse if you had robots to do everything for you? Explain it.

5) Do you think life in 2642 will be better or worse? Justify your answer.

B. NOW WATCH THE MOVIE SEGMENT AND WRITE DOWN HOW DIFFERENT LIFE WILL BE IN THE FUTURE, ACCORDING

TO THE MOVIE, WALL-E.

Write at least 10 sentences describing what people and machines will do in the futur e and how

people's lives will be like, according to the movie. Observe the items below and write sentences about them.

FLOATING ARMCHAIRS COMMUNICATION ROBOTS

MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION SCHOOL LUNCH TIME

BEAUTY PARLORS CLOTHES LEISURE TIME

Ex: People will move around in floating armchairs.

1. .....................................................................................................

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

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9. BASE FORM

SIMPLE

SIMPLE PAST

PAST PARTICIPLE

SPANISH BASE FORM

SIMPLE PAST

PAST PARTICIPLE

SPANISH

FLY FLEW FLOWN VOLAR CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT ATRAPAR

GROW GREW GROWN CRECER BRING BROUGHT BOUGHT TRAER

KNOW KNEW KNOWN SABER TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSEÑAR THROW THREW THROWN TIRAR THINK THOUGHT THOUGHT PENSAR

BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPLAR FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT PELEAR

BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR FALL FELL FALLEN CAER DRAW DREW DRAWN DIBUJAR WAKE WOKE WOKEN DESPERTAR

BASE FORM

SIMPLE

SIMPLE PAST

PAST PARTICIPLE

SPANISH BASE FORM SIMPLE

SIMPLE PAST

PAST PARTICIPLE

SPANISH

SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN HABLAR RIDE RODE RIDDEN MONTAR BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER

CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOGER HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDERS GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIR SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER

FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN OLVIDAR TELL TOLD TOLD DECIR/CONTAR DRIVE DROVE DRIVEN MANEJAR UNDERSTAND UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDER

WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCRIBIR STAND STOOD STOOD ESTAR DE PIE

BASE

FORM SIMPLE

SIMPLE PAST

PAST PARTICIPLE

SPANISH BASE FORM

SIMPLE

SIMPLE PAST

PAST PARTICIPLE

SPANISH

STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROBAR BEAR BORE BORN SOPORTAR

FREEZE FROZE FROZEN CONGELAR WEAR WORE WORN USAR(ROPA)

CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTRARSE SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURAR

SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT BARRER SEE SAW SEEN VER

MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR COST COST COST COSTAR

COME CAME COME VENIR CUT CUT CUT CORTAR

TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR FIT FIT FIT CABER

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BASE FORM

SIMPLE

SIMPLE PAST

PAST PARTICIPLE

SPANISH BASE FORM

SIMPLE

SIMPLE PAST

PAST PARTICIPLE

SPANISH

HIT HIT HIT PEGAR QUIT QUIT QUIT DEJAR DE HURT HURT HURT DAÑAR/HERIR BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN EMPEZAR

PUT PUT PUT PONER DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBER BET BET BET APOSTAR RING RANG RUNG SONAR

READ READ READ LEER SING SANG SUNG CANTAR

SET SET SET ACOMODAR SHRINK SHRANK SHRUNK ENCOGER

SHUT SHUT SHUT CERRAR SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR

BASE

FORM SIMPLE

SIMPLE PAST

PAST PARTICIPLE

SPANISH BASE FORM

SIMPLE

SIMPLE PAST

PAST PARTICIPLE

SPANISH

RUN RAN RUN CORRER SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATIR

EAT ATE EATEN COMER SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR SPEND SPENT SPENT GARTAR(

TIEMPO) FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDONAR BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR

PAY PAID PAID PAGAR MEET MET MET CONOCER SAY SAID SAID DECIR KEEP KEPT KEPT MANTENER

TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR

BASE

FORM SIMPLE

SIMPLE PAST

PAST PARTICIPLE

SPANISH BASE FORM

SIMPLE

SIMPLE PAST

PAST PARTICIPLE

SPANISH

FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR LOSE LOST LOST PERDER FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT PELEAR MAKE MADE MADE HACER

HANG HUNG HUNG COLGAR SIT SAT SAT SENTAR HAVE HAD HAD TENER WIN WON WON GANAR

HEAR HEARD HEARD ESCUCHAR SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILLAR

HOLD HELD HELD AGARRAR SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEJAR/SALIR GO WENT GONE IR

BASE

FORM SIMPLE

SIMPLE PAST

PAST PARTICIPLE

SPANISH

DO DID DONE HACER

BE WAS/WERE BEEN SER/ESTAR

AM WAS BEEN SER/ESTAR

IS WAS BEEN SER/ESTAR ARE WERE BEEN SER/ESTAR

39