Grammar analysisUnit 4

Grammar analysis

• some, any, each, all, every and their compounds• countable and uncountable nouns• prepositions

any, each, all, every & their compounds

• Some, any, all, each and every can be used together with other words to build new compounds, such as someone, anywhere, everything, etc. But the basic usages of these words don’t change. For example, generally we still use some- in positive sentences, and use any- in non-affirmative contexts or to refer to non-specific, unspecified things. We still use every- to emphasize we are talking about a group as a whole rather than as individuals.

e.g. I was visiting some friends last week. It was impossible to see anything in the dark. Everyone was waiting to hear the results. (=

All were waiting to hear the results.)

(1)四个词都可用作形容词，后面接名词； any, each, all也可用作不定代词，单独使用或后接 of 短语，而 every 不能用作代词。

(2) Each, all, every都可用来概况全体，但强调重点不同。 Each （每个）是逐个考虑总体，具有个别性； all （全部）是整体性地考虑总体，具有概况性； every（每个）是考虑总体中的所有成员，与 all 很接近。(3) Any, every可以加上 one, body, thing等所组成的复合不定代词，表示人或物，而 each, all不能组成复合不定代词。此外， any还可以与 how,

where等词组成复合副词。

I.1. That book is so badly printed that there is a printer’s error on

every page. So each / every page will have to be reset before we reprint.

2. He is really worried about his daught as she is everything to him.3. Let’s sit down anywhere and talk.4. Burglaries are such an everyday occurrence in big cities that most

newspapers do not bother to report them.5. I must get to the shops somehow or other this afternoon. I haven’t

got anything in the house for supper.6. Do you know anyone who would be interested in a position as a

receptionist in our office? We need someone with a really friendly manner.

8. She left her handbag somewhere and now she can’t find it.

II. Explain the underlined part1) a seriousness: a kind of seriousness2) a devotion: a kind of devotion3) a great joy: people that cause joy4) the waters: the water of the stated river5) a zeal: a kind of zeal6) many teas: many kinds of tea7) a distraction: something that distracted8) a disappointment: something that made him

disappointed

Practice III – VI, p.71-72

III.

1. C 2. C 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.C 8.B

IV.

1. in2. since3. behind4. in, by5. in6. to, for7. by, for, by, in/under, of8. by, of, in, around9. to, in, with, on, in10. under

V. Correct the errors1. √ 2. She put her hands above her eyes and began to cry.(over)3. She looked out of the window. Twenty feet under her, in

the garden, was a fox. (below)4. There was so much traffic, I was fortunate to get through

the road without being knocked over. (across)5. √6. Am I on your way? I can move over a bit and make room

for you. (in)7. √8. He would always arrive around ten in night carrying his

guitar and a bunch of flowers. (at)

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